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Exam Code: S90.02A Practice test 2023 by Killexams.com team S90.02A SOA Technology Concepts Exam: S90.02A SOA Technology Concepts
Exam Details:
- Number of Questions: The test consists of approximately 40 multiple-choice questions.
- Time: Candidates are given 60 minutes to complete the exam.
Course Outline:
The S90.02A SOA Technology Concepts test focuses on assessing professionals' knowledge of the technical aspects and technologies related to Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). The course covers the following topics:
1. Web Services Fundamentals
- XML and JSON basics
- SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
- WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
- REST (Representational State Transfer)
2. Service-Oriented Integration
- Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
- Message-oriented middleware
- Service-oriented integration patterns
- Data transformation and mediation
3. Service Composition and Orchestration
- BPEL (Business Process Execution Language)
- WS-BPEL (Web Services Business Process Execution Language)
- Service choreography
- Orchestration engines and tools
4. Service Security and Transactions
- WS-Security (Web Services Security)
- WS-Trust and WS-Policy
- Identity and access management
- Transaction management in SOA
Exam Objectives:
The test aims to assess candidates' understanding and proficiency in the following areas:
1. Web services fundamentals and protocols
2. Service-oriented integration technologies and patterns
3. Service composition and orchestration concepts
4. Service security and transaction management in SOA
Exam Syllabus:
The test syllabus covers the following topics:
- Web Services Fundamentals
- XML and JSON basics
- SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
- WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
- REST (Representational State Transfer)
- Service-Oriented Integration
- Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
- Message-oriented middleware
- Service-oriented integration patterns
- Data transformation and mediation
- Service Composition and Orchestration
- BPEL (Business Process Execution Language)
- WS-BPEL (Web Services Business Process Execution Language)
- Service choreography
- Orchestration engines and tools
- Service Security and Transactions
- WS-Security (Web Services Security)
- WS-Trust and WS-Policy
- Identity and access management
- Transaction management in SOA SOA Technology Concepts SOA Technology guide Killexams : SOA Technology guide - BingNews
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https://killexams.com/exam_list/SOAKillexams : An Enterprise Architect’s Guide to API Integration for ESB and SOA (French)
Today’s enterprise needs to reduce complexity, particularly at the IT integration level. The right API management solution should help you simplify integration and work across ESB, SOA, cloud and IoT—all without writing code or adding connectors.
Wed, 09 Aug 2023 12:00:00 -0500en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.techrepublic.com/resource-library/whitepapers/an-enterprise-architect-s-guide-to-api-integration-for-esb-and-soa-french/Killexams : HP: SOA Is Ready for Prime Time
Hewlett-Packard Co. (HP) said service-oriented architecture (SOA) for more efficient development of IT services is ready to move from the testing phase into production.HP introduced software and service products Monday to help businesses implement SOA in their organizations. Most of the software comes from HP's 2006 acquisition of Mercury Interactive."It's time for SOA to come out of the prototype stage and move into the mainstream," said Ann Livermore, executive vice president of HP, in an online presentation by the company. SOA is still an abstraction to some. It's an architecture to design services based on loosely coupled interactions between different types of software, so that services can be developed in a modular form. Companies can use and reuse different common elements of design for each new service, whether it's for Web commerce, call-center operation or managing an employee benefits plan. Analyst Ron Schmelzer said whenever he's confused about what SOA is, he turns the...
Tue, 22 May 2007 23:59:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=3200829Killexams : AV Technology Manager's Guide to Next-Gen Audio
For the past three years, the most common refrain during a video conference is, “You’re on mute.” That is an easy enough fix. But if that were the only issue regarding speech intelligibility, then we wouldn’t have created the AV Technology Manager’s Guide to Next-Gen Audio.
14 Thought Leaders share technology suggestions, best practices, and some sound advice for ensuring the near and far ends of the conversation are intelligible.
BONUS: Introducing the Best of InfoComm Check out the winners of the InfoComm 2023 Best of Show for AV Technology, Digital Signage, and Tech&Learning publications.
A daily selection of features, industry news, and analysis for tech managers. Sign up below.
Tue, 15 Aug 2023 13:10:00 -0500en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.avnetwork.com/news/av-technology-managers-guide-to-next-gen-audioKillexams : A Farmer’s Guide To Technology
One of the hardest aspects of choosing a career isn’t getting started, it’s keeping up. Whether you’re an engineer, doctor, or even landscaper, there are always new developments to keep up with if you want to stay competitive. This is especially true of farming, where farmers have to keep up with an incredible amount of “best practices” in order to continue being profitable. Keeping up with soil nutrient requirements, changing weather and climate patterns, pests and other diseases, and even equipment maintenance can be a huge hassle.
A new project at Hackerfarm led by [Akiba] is hoping to take at least one of those items off of farmers’ busy schedules, though. Their goal is to help farmers better understand the changing technological landscape and make use of technology without having to wade through all the details of every single microcontroller option that’s available, for example. Hackerfarm is actually a small farm themselves, so they have first-hand knowledge when it comes to tending a plot of land, and [Bunnie Huang] recently did a residency at the farm as well.
The project strives to be a community for helping farmers make the most out of their land, so if you run a small farm or even have a passing interest in gardening, there may be some useful tools available for you. If you have a big enough farm, you might even want to try out an advanced project like an autonomous tractor.
Solution providers, VARs and strategic service providers look to IT vendors to provide them with the industry-leading hardware and software products they need to meet their customers’ needs. No surprise, then, that IT vendor product portfolios are often the most important component of vendor-channel relationships.
But a critical part of any solution provider decision about which IT vendors to work with is what a vendor has to offer to help partners be more successful, including margins and financial incentives, sales and marketing assistance, training and certifications, and more. When solution providers choose which IT vendors to align with, vendors’ partner programs must be a big part of that decision. To help with those evaluations, CRN assembles its annual Partner Program Guide. This year the guide is based on detailed applications submitted by more than 300 vendors, outlining all aspects of their partner programs.
Vendors know they have to be at the top of their game when it comes to offering solution providers incentives, training, recurring revenue opportunities and more. Here are the vendors leading the way.
We asked IT vendors to provide their “elevator pitch” to convince solution providers to join their partner program. Here’s what 25 had to say.
We asked IT vendors what element of their partner program they wished more partners took advantage of and what benefits partners are leaving on the table. Here’s what 25 had to say.
IT vendors were asked what they considered to be the top goals for their partner programs in 2023. Here’s what 25 had to say.
Five-Star Profiles
As part of the Partner Program Guide, CRN designates some top vendor channel programs as 5-Star Partner Programs - programs that offer the most comprehensive lineups of incentives, training, services and benefits. The following slide shows highlight the vendor programs with 5-Star recognition. We’ll be rolling out these slide shows through the week according to technology category.
Sun, 11 Jun 2023 00:33:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.crn.com/partner-program-guide/ppg2023.htmKillexams : Apple’s ProMotion Display Technology: A Complete Guide
What exactly is Apple’s ProMotion, and why has it garnered so much attention? Let’s delve into a comprehensive guide to understanding this advanced display technology
Introduction of ProMotion: Apple’s proprietary display technology, ProMotion, was first introduced with the iPad Pro in 2017.
Understanding Refresh Rates: ProMotion can dynamically adjust the display’s refresh rate up to 120Hz, resulting in smoother visuals and enhanced touch responsiveness.
Dynamic Adaptability: Unlike constant high-refresh-rate displays, ProMotion adjusts its rate based on the content, enhancing battery efficiency.
Enhanced User Experience: ProMotion offers smoother animations, improved gaming experiences, efficient video playback, and increased touch input responsiveness.
Battery Efficiency: The dynamic adjustment of refresh rates based on content needs can lead to better battery conservation.
Expansion Across Devices: After its debut on the iPad Pro, ProMotion technology has been incorporated into other Apple devices, including the iPhone 13 Pro series and the iPhone 14 Pro and Pro Max.
Setting Industry Standards: ProMotion is a significant advancement in display technology, setting high standards for future innovations in the realm of screen performance.
Apple is known for leading tech innovations, and its ProMotion display technology is no exception. But what is ProMotion, and why is it significant? Here’s a concise guide to this advanced display feature.
What is Apple’s ProMotion?
ProMotion is Apple’s proprietary display technology introduced with the iPad Pro in 2017. In essence, ProMotion dynamically adjusts the display’s refresh rate up to 120Hz, depending on the content being viewed. This results in smoother animations, more responsive touch feedback, and an overall enhanced visual experience.
Understanding Refresh Rates
Before diving deeper into ProMotion, it’s crucial to understand the concept of refresh rates:
Refresh Rate: It refers to the number of times a display updates its content per second. Measured in Hertz (Hz), a higher refresh rate means smoother visuals and less motion blur.
Standard Displays: Most devices, including older Apple products, have a refresh rate of 60Hz, meaning the screen updates 60 times per second.
ProMotion’s Advantage: With ProMotion, the display can refresh up to 120 times per second (120Hz), offering a visibly smoother experience, especially noticeable when scrolling or watching fast-paced videos.
Dynamic Adjustment: The Heart of ProMotion
What sets ProMotion apart from other high-refresh-rate technologies is its dynamic adaptability:
Content-Based Adaptation: Instead of constantly running at 120Hz, ProMotion adjusts the refresh rate based on the content. For instance, while watching a movie shot at 24 frames per second, the display might adjust to 24Hz to match the content, conserving battery life.
Touch Input Responsiveness: ProMotion also enhances the responsiveness of touch input. When using the Apple Pencil, for example, the technology can reduce latency, making the drawing or writing experience feel more instantaneous.
Benefits of ProMotion Technology
Smoother Animations: Everything from scrolling web pages to transitioning between apps feels incredibly fluid.
Enhanced Gaming: Gamers can enjoy smoother gameplay with reduced motion blur, especially in fast-paced games.
Battery Efficiency: By dynamically adjusting the refresh rate based on content, ProMotion can conserve battery life when high refresh rates aren’t necessary.
Improved Video Playback: Videos play more smoothly, and there’s reduced judder in scenes with rapid motion.
Richard Goodwin has been working as a tech journalist for over 10 years. He is the editor and owner of KnowYourMobile.
Mon, 07 Aug 2023 23:40:00 -0500en-GBtext/htmlhttps://www.knowyourmobile.com/phones/iphones/apple-promotion-guide/Killexams : Get updates and offers from MIT Technology Review
The latest iteration of a legacy
Founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1899, MIT Technology Review is a world-renowned, independent media company whose insight, analysis, reviews, interviews and live events explain the newest technologies and their commercial, social and political impact.
Thu, 27 Jul 2023 12:49:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://www.technologyreview.com/search/?s=%EC%99%84%EB%AA%A8%EB%A7%98%EB%A7%A4%EB%89%B4%EC%96%BC%20Ap131.top%20%EA%B5%AC%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%EB%8F%8C%EC%8B%B1%20%EC%95%BC%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%B4%EB%B9%84%20%ED%82%A4%EC%9E%91%EC%9D%80%EB%A7%98%EB%B3%80%ED%83%9C%20soAKillexams : The best electric bikes of 2023
The best electric bikes are rapidly becoming one of the best alternatives to using your car. Electric bikes come in all shapes and sizes — from folding models that you can carry around, to large cargo bikes that can haul all your groceries and kids around town. They're great from getting back and forth to work, or if you simply want to take a nice long ride.
Electric bikes have small motors that give you an extra boost when you need it, making it easier to travel up hills and longer distances. What's more, the best electric bikes are simply fun to ride. They'll make you feel like a kid again, even if it's just for commuting.
Because electric bikes are so hot, there are hundreds of models available — but that also means that there are a lot of duds out there, too. We've tested a number of the top models to give you the best recommendations for all kinds of electric bikes.
While many of the best electric bikes are expensive — upwards of $2,000 — they're coming down in price; in fact, we also have a list of the best budget electric bikes under $1,500. And before you do any riding, be sure to pick up one of the best bike helmets to keep your head safe, and one of the best bike locks to keep your ride secure.
It's not the flashiest, but the RadCity 5 Plus will more than fit the needs of most riders. It's comfortable, offers plenty of power, and can be outfitted with lots of accessories.
This affordable ebike has a neat feature: Its handlebars can turn sideways, so it'll take up less room when you have to store it in a hallway or some other cramped space.
A truly versatile ebike that can be configured with dozens of accessories. It's also compact, powerful, very comfortable to ride, and one of the most affordable cargo bikes around.
If you're looking for an ebike that can go anywhere, look no further. This bike is responsive, stable in all conditions, including snow, has both lights and turn signals, and even comes with fenders.
This futuristic-looking ebike is made from carbon fiber, which keeps its weight to just 36 pounds. It has a speedy electronic shifter, responsive and powerful motor, and a great range for something this small. It ain't cheap, though.
For the vast majority of riders, the Rad Power RadCity 5 Plus will be the best electric bike. It has a comfortable design, plenty of power, and a multitude of mounting points for things such as baskets and child seats. Plus, it comes with a rear rack and mudguards. Its 7-speed shifter, combined with three levels of pedal assistance and a twist throttle is more than enough to get you up even the steepest of hills.
We really enjoyed pedaling around on this bike, which is offered in both step-through and step-over models. Its battery, while not fully integrated into the downtube, provides plenty of range, and can also be used to charge your phone (with the right adapter). At a starting price of $1,999, it's reasonably affordable, too.
Battery:Removable Lithium-Ion 36V, 9.6Ah (360Wh) with LG cells
Max estimated range:46 miles, depending on assist setting
Max assisted speed:20 mph
Motor:36V, 350W brushless rear hub motor with torque sensor
Gearing:7-speed Shimano
Weight:41 pounds
Reasons to buy
+
Great price
+
Impressive comfort
+
Easy to read head unit
+
Turn signals
Reasons to avoid
-
Motor feels underpowered
The Aventon Soltera.2 is the successor to our previous top pick among the best budget electric bikes. This modestly priced model costs less than $1,500, yet sacrifices very little in the name of economy. In our tests, we found it very comfortable to ride, and it looks great, too. We also liked that it has features you won't find on other budget electric bikes — namely, the built-in turn signals, which are a real help when riding in traffic.
However, the Soltera's rear hub motor does feel a little underpowered, especially on hills, but thanks to a torque sensor, it's a lot more responsive than the original Aventon Soltera. If you're looking for a low-cost electric bike to get you around town, this is definitely the model to pick up. Be sure to check out the best budget electric bikes for more picks.
If you plan on commuting to work, Charge Bikes City may well be the best ebike for you. Not only does it come with features like full-fenders to keep the mud off and a rear rack for a pack or bag, but it does everything well for a very reasonable price. The Charge City has a five level power assist, as well as a full-power throttle button, should the need or hill arise. It comes with all the necessary bells and whistles a commuter is going to want, including the bell (actually a superior and very loud electronic horn). The bike is available in both step-over and step through, and in a few color options, too.
The handle bars fold flat, for easy storage in an apartment or cubicle, and the City's electric support is so smooth you'll think you're doing all the work yourself. We were able to do three days plus of typical city commuting before having to re-charge. At night, the bike's lights sufficiently lit up the road and the throttle helped us zip around potential trouble when we felt out of gas. Founded by folks from biking icon Cannondale, Charge's sui generis feature is that even newbies can assemble the bike right out of the box in 10 minutes or less. All you basically have to do is put the front wheel on.
Throttle adds assist over your pedaling assist when needed
Reasons to avoid
-
Could use a center stand rather than kickstand
While it can't haul as heavy loads as some other larger (and much more expensive) cargo bikes, the RadPower RadRunner 3 Plus is more than capable of carrying you, your kids, and plenty of groceries wherever you need to go. We loved its responsive 750W motor, its comfortable ride, and its low center of gravity, thanks to its 3.3-inch thick, 20-inch tires.
What makes the RadRunner 3 Plus stand out is its versatility: You can outfit the bike with any number of combinations of racks, seats, bags, and other accessories to truly customize it for your needs. And, its relatively low price for a cargo bike makes it a real bargain for those looking to replace their car with an electric bike.
This fat tire ebike will get you anywhere you need to go
Specifications
Battery:48V, 15Ah
Max estimated range:60 miles
Max assisted speed:28 mph
Motor:750 watts, 48V, rear hub motor
Gearing:Shimano Acera 8-speed rear derailleur
Wheel diameter:26 inches
Weight:77 pounds
Reasons to buy
+
Very fun ride with excellent pedaling assist response
+
Stable and capable in all conditions, including snow
+
Has both lights and turn signals
Reasons to avoid
-
Very heavy bike
-
Suspension fork is unnecessary
If you're looking for a fat-tire electric bike that's less than $2,000, the Aventon Aventure.2 is hard to beat. It's as good off-road as it is on pavement, has a beefy battery and a clear color display, as well as fenders that'll save your clothes from getting too muddy. Other niceties include a brake-activated rear light and turn signals.
The Aventure.2 has both pedal-assist and throttle modes, and the battery and wires are neatly integrated into the frame. What's more, the battery can be removed for charging. While not as capable as a dedicated mountain bike, the Aventure.2 was able to get us up and over hilly terrain, and its torque sensor was quick to translate our pedaling into power. Our only real critiques were the bike's 77-pound weight and its front suspension fork, which felt unnecessary. Otherwise, it's an excellent bike for the price.
The Gocycle G4i+ looks like something a supercar designer would build, which isn't surprising given that it was conceived by former McLaren sports car engineer Richard Thorpe. Not only is this bike's unique wheels-on-one-side and tapered body eye-catching, it is also able to fold up in a couple of minutes into a size small enough to get by security and into the office elevator. At 36 pounds, it's one of the lightest folding electric bikes out there, too.
Despite that, this bike was a real pleasure to ride. Its electric shifter responded near instantly, as did the pedal assist and throttle. However, while the G4i+ has daytime running lights, you'll have to pay extra for a legit headlight, as well as mudguards. Also, the G4i+ has a great smartphone app, but one of the flimsiest methods of holding your phone on the bike itself — a cheap solution for a bike that costs $7,000.
If you're looking for something slightly more affordable, GoCycle also sells the G4i ($5,999) and the G4 ($4,799). A 2022 version of the G4 has an injection molded composite mid-frame.
Gearing:Shimano 7-speed, 11-32 cassette and 44T chainring
Weight:55 pounds
Reasons to buy
+
Good assist power when pedaling
+
Great price
+
Comfortable to ride
Reasons to avoid
-
Suspension fork seems unnecessary
The Ride1Up Turris is a solid e-bike that doesn't cost a lot, but delivers plenty. It starts with its powerful 750W motor, which was quick to engage and carried us up hills with ease.
We also liked all the niceties that came with the bike, including a front headlight, front and rear fenders, an easy-to-read display, and nice, wide tires that made it easy for us to get across all kinds of terrain.
However, there's some assembly required: We had to attach the fork, one crank arm, and the fenders, all of which needed some adjustment. If you're unfamiliar with putting bikes together, you may need to make a trip to your local bike shop.
Motor:Bosch Performance Line 3.0 65 Nm mid-drive motor
Gearing:Enviolo 380 stepless gear system
Wheel diameter:28 inches
Weight:54.6 lbs. (with battery)
Reasons to buy
+
Excellent ride
+
Frictionless electric power
+
Top combination of accessories
The Gazelle Ultimate C380 HMB is one of the smoothest-riding electric bikes we've tested. Thanks to a Gates belt drive and seamless Enviolo shifter that allows you to change gears in the middle of a hill, everything about this bike is effortless. Its low-step frame is topped with a Selle Loire Gel seat with an internal compression post to soften the ride. The aluminum frame also has an internal front fork suspension system and removable battery to keep the whole design as svelte as possible.
The Gazelle has full mud guards, a metal belt guard (to keep your pants clean), kickstand, lights front and back, a rear rack with a built-in stretch bracket, and even an Axa Defender lock that immobilizes the rear wheel when you snap it shut and remove the key. But, all of this will cost you: The Gazelle Ultimate is a steep $4,800.
Battery:PowerPack 500 Battery with 250W and 36V of power
Motor:Bosch Cargo Line Cruise Motor+
Gearing:Shimano Deore 10-speed drivetrain
Size:8.5 feet long
Weight:88.2 pounds
Range (est):60 miles
Reasons to buy
+
Stable, fun ride
+
Lots of cargo space
+
Quick, responsive, and powerful motor
Reasons to avoid
-
Bumps can be a bit jarring
The Yuba Supercargo CL can haul an astounding 500 pounds, making it one of the heftiest electric cargo bikes in its class. Yet, it offers a surprisingly stable ride, thanks to its low center of gravity. Its cargo area is very customizable, letting you convert it from a place to carry groceries to a space to tote your tots to soccer practice.
Magna hydraulic brakes and a Bosch mid-drive motor were very responsive, though the relatively small 20-inch tires and lack of suspension did make bumps feel a bit jarring. The Supercargo CL starts at around $6,000, but is incredibly customizable; you can select from a range of accessories to adapt the cargo area to suit your needs.
The all-weather Biktrix Stunner X is equally at home in the mud and snow as it is on pothole-dotted city streets, keeping the rider comfortable and in control no matter the terrain or conditions. It's got enough of a kick to get you up a gravel hill, and enough padding so that your ride doesn't turn into a torture test.
Its Bafang 750W mid-drive motor is surprisingly powerful, and can be used in pedal-assist as well as throttle mode, for when you want to give your legs a break. While not as nimble as purpose-built electric mountain bikes, it performed admirably on mud-slicked roads. Our only real critique is that the Bafang controller was a bit difficult to master.
Backsweep on handlebars puts wrists at awkward angle
-
Very heavy and long
While a lot of cargo ebikes can carry kids, the Urban Arrow Family is the best electric bike for the job. We really liked its stability and the ease with which we could start this massive bike from a dead stop. This is not a small bike: it's 9 feet long and weighs 110 pounds, which is a good thing that it also has one of the best kickstands we've seen yet from a bike.
The cargo area is made of thick EPP foam, which is designed to absorb impacts. The seats — there are also adjustable seatbelts — are also fairly low, which keeps the center of gravity low. As you might expect from such a large bike, its range is fairly limited — around 31 miles — but the battery is removable. Overall, it offers an incredibly smooth ride for its size.
Motor:1300W (Peak) 750W (Sustained), Rear Hub Motor
Gearing:Single speed
Weight:66 pounds
Max advertised range:55 miles
Max advertised assist speed:28 mph
Reasons to buy
+
Powerful pedal assist with a full-throttle mode
+
Maneuverable
+
Competitively priced
Reasons to avoid
-
No shocks
-
Single speed
The Juiced Ripracer is a lot more fun than it should be, for a lot less than you might think. It's one of the more affordable offroad ebikes we've tested, and it can go just about anywhere. This fat-tire ride has a 40.3-inch wheelbase and 20-inch wheels designed for trails and other unpaved surfaces, though its lack of shock absorbers means a rougher ride than with so-equipped e-bikes.
This bike has some serious pep, and it flew just about everywhere we wanted it to go. We really liked its low-end torque, which made it great for getting up hills. However, it has a cadence, rather than a torque sensor, so it takes a rotation or two of the pedals for the assist to kick in. As it's a BMX-style bike, the Ripracer is a lot smaller than other mountain e-bikes, which also makes it easier to maneuver around tight spaces.
Wheels are too small and narrow for super-rough roads
If you're looking for something more affordable than the GoCycle, the Brompton Electric C Line Explore is the best electric folding bike for those who need something super-portable. It's also very small and compact, weighing just 32 pounds, yet its 250W motor is strong enough to get you around with plenty of zip. Its battery, which comes in a removable bag that's also great for storing other things, provides up to 45 miles of range — a good long way.
We also like that the C Line has a second pair of tiny wheels that make it a lot easier to roll the bike around when it's folded. Just keep in ming that this commuter-focused bike has smallish 16-inch wheels, so it's not meant to handle rougher roads.
More moving parts means more potential for maintenance/repair
If you're looking to replace your car with an electric bike, then the Riese and Mūller Load 60 should be at the top of your list. Despite its large size and weight, the Load 60 was a delight to ride, with a tight turning radius, full suspension, a Gates carbon belt drive, and a strong and responsive motor assist.
We also loved the startlingly loud horn — a must if you want cars to know you're there — as well as the myriad accessories and options available when configuring the bike. However, if you want the Cadillac of cargo bikes, you'll have to pay Cadillac prices: The Load 60 starts at around $10,000, so you'll have to really consider how much you plan to ride it. But if you do spring for this bike, you won't be disappointed.
Pedal-assist or throttle? All electric bikes have what's called pedal-assist; you start pedaling, and the bike's motor kicks in to make your ride a little easier. But you need to put in at least some work: you won't go anywhere unless you pedal. Most electric bikes will also let you set the level of assistance, so you can decide how hard you want to pedal.
However, some electric bikes will also have a throttle. Press a button or push a lever, and the bike will do all the work for you — no pedaling needed! Using a throttle will quickly eat up the battery life on the bike, so you'll get far less of a range if you don't want to pedal at all.
Motor type Less expensive electric bikes traditionally use a rear hub motor. Mid-drive motors located in the center pedal crank shaft tend to be more expensive but offer better overall balance and smoother shifting.
Motors are also rated based on their power, measured in Watts. Typically, the least powerful motor will be 250 Watts, but unless you're a very large person or planning to go up really steep hills, the motor size shouldn’t be a major determining factor for your purchase. More important, there is no industry standard for measuring Watts (is it continuous or peak and if peak, for how long?). So in general, a motor’s Watt rating isn’t a reliable indication of power.
Battery size Consider where you live. If you're in San Francisco you're going to want more help than if you're cruising around Austin. Watt hours (Wh) is the most important figure for comparison—it takes into account battery output and battery life to give you a better sense of available power. Higher Wh translates into more range.
Many electric bike makers will also include an estimated range (usually about 40 miles) that you can get off a single charge. You should take this figure with a large grain of salt, as that number is usually determined under ideal circumstances: A fairly lightweight person riding on flat terrain with no wind, and at the perfect ambient temperature for the battery. Range is also dependent on the level of power assist being used, whether full-throttle has been applied and for how long, and your average speed. As they say, your mileage may vary.
Removable or built-in battery? Most bike batteries will handle rides of about 40 miles and need to be plugged in for at least a couple of hours to get to 80 percent of capacity. So if you have a more demanding commute, consider a model that lets you swap out the battery rather than a bike with an integrated battery.
Also, if you live in a place where you can't bring your bike inside or get close to a wall outlet (such as if you live in a walk-up apartment), definitely look for a bike with a removable battery. It will make your life a lot easier.
Step-over or Step-through? Many electric bike makers will offer their bikes in two configurations: Step-over (which has a top bar that runs parallel to the ground) and Step-through (the bar is angled downwards). Once upon a time, step-through models were traditionally thought of as women's bikes, but that perception is changing. It's generally easier to get on and off a step-through bike, as you don't have to lift your leg over a bar.
Safety features If you're planning to ride your electric bike in traffic or in low-light conditions (such as dawn and dusk), it's worth looking for an electric bike with built-in head and taillights. While increasingly common, it's not a standard feature on all models.
Electric bike FAQ
What are the different types of electric bike?
Generally speaking, electric bikes fall into the same categories as non-electric bikes. Here's a quick summary of some of the kinds of electric bikes you'll find.
Road bike: These are meant solely for riding on roads, and are designed for speed. They will have thinner tires and curved handlebars, so that the rider will be crouched forward. Higher-end models may also be made out of carbon fiber, so as to make the bike as light as possible.
Mountain bike: Designed for off-road use, mountain bikes will have thick, knobby tires, full suspension, and a burlier frame to better absorb bumps and jumps.
Fat tire bikes: Similar to mountain bikes, fat tire bikes are meant to be ridden off-road, usually on very soft ground, such as mud, sand, and snow. As their name suggests, these bikes have very wide tires — as much as four inches — which helps keep a grip on unsteadier terrain.
City/Commuter bike: Made for urban dwellers who need to get around town, a commuter bike will have tires that are somewhere in between a road and a mountain bike. Generally, the bikes will be configured so that the rider's back is vertical when seated, which gives them a better view of their surroundings.
Cargo bike: These bikes are made for carrying heavy loads, and will have a cargo area either in the front or rear of the bike. Because of the payload area, these bikes often tend to me much longer and heavier — and more expensive — than a typical bike.
What is a good speed for an electric bike?
In the U.S., electric bikes are limited to 20 miles per hour; that is, they can only provide you with power — either through pedal-assist or with a throttle — until the bike hits 20 MPH. While you can easily go faster than 20 MPH on an electric bike, the rest of that power will have to be provided by you — or gravity.
How much does an electric bike cost?
Electric bikes range widely in price. Some of the best cheap electric bikes start at around $1,000; you can certainly find models for less, but quality will be less.
The bulk of electric bikes cost anywhere from $1,500 to around $2,500, and there are hundreds of models in this price range.
Higher-end and specialized electric bikes — such as cargo bikes — will cost upwards of $3,000, and can easily reach $6,000 to $8,000, which is a sizable investment.
rules and regulations
There has been a lot of confusion about ebikes (pedal assist versus throttle bikes) and where you can legally ride them. Some municipalities have banned ebikes from bicycle paths, for example. Many places classify ebikes depending on whether they can go full throttle and have a maximum speed of 20 or 28 mph. There are three official classifications:
Class 1: Ebikes that only assist while you pedal, with a top speed of 20 mph.
Class 2: Ebikes with a throttle that don't require you to pedal but have a top speed of 20 mph.
Class 3: Ebikes that only assist while you pedal, with a top speed of 28 mph.
So check your local regulations before you buy. And always wear a helmet.
how we test
All the bicycles in this feature were road (and in some cases, off-road) tested by Tom’s Guide reviewers and staff. Day and night rides, where relevant, are also included and bikes are tested for stability, handling, and safety features (including lights, reflectors, and horns). With an increasing number of models available online only, we also take ease of assembly into account.
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