IREB action - IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE) Updated: 2023 | ||||||||
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Exam Code: IREB IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE) action November 2023 by Killexams.com team | ||||||||
IREB IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE) The Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE) is a personal certificate aimed at individuals working in Requirements Engineering, Business Analysis and Testing. It will expand your professional knowledge and help you to become more successful in your job. The certification scheme is developed by the IREB, the contents are taught by independent training providers and the CPRE test can be taken at approved certification bodies. The CPRE certificate has lifetime validity. Requirements engineering as the first step of system development crucially influences the success of the development project. The four core disciplines of requirements engineering are: elicitation, documentation, verification and validation management. Professionalism in requirements engineering avoid defects in system analysis and establishes a structured proceeding from project idea to a valuable set of requirements. Quality characteristics are defined for a single requirement as well as for the requirements specification as a whole. You can prepare for the exams by attending a training course with a recognised IREB® training provider for IREB® Requirements Engineering - Foundation Level; participants will have relevant content and Topics clearly explained and taught to them. The syllabus covers the important foundations in requirements engineering: differentiation between the system and system context, establishment and documentation of requirements, as well as their testing and management and the tool support available.The test is available on Pearson Vue for anyone wishing to self-study. The IREB® Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering - Foundation Level certification is a prerequisite for taking the three IREB® Advanced Level courses: Requirements Modelling, Requirements Management, Requirements Elicitation & Consolidation. The level of detail of this syllabus allows internationally consistent teaching and examination. To reach this goal, the syllabus contains the following General educational objectives Contents with a description of the educational objectives and References to further literature (where necessary) Educational Objectives / Cognitive Knowledge Levels Each module of the syllabus is assigned a cognitive level. A higher level includes the lower levels. The formulations of the educational objectives are phrased using the verbs "knowing" for level L1 and "mastering and using" for level L2. These two verbs are placeholders for the following verbs: L1 (knowing): enumerate, characterize, recognize, name, reflect L2 (mastering and using): analyze, use, execute, justify, describe, judge, display, design,develop, complete, explain, exemplify, elicit, formulate, identify, interpret, conclude from, assign, differentiate, compare, understand, suggest, summarize All terms defined in the glossary have to be known (L1), even if they are not explicitly mentioned in the educational objectives. This syllabus uses the abbreviation "RE" for Requirements Engineering. Structure of the Syllabus The syllabus consists of 9 main chapters. One chapter covers one educational unit (EU). Each main chapter title contains the cognitive level of the chapter, which is the highest level of the sub-chapters. Furthermore, the teaching time is suggested that is the minimum a course should invest for that chapter. Important terms in the chapter, which are defined in the glossary, are listed at the beginning of the chapter. Example: EU 1 Introduction and Foundations (L1) Terms: Requirement, Stakeholder, Requirements Engineering, Functional Requirement, Quality Requirement, Constraint This example shows that chapter 1 contains education objectives at level L1 and 75 minutes are intended for teaching the material in this chapter. Each chapter can contain sub-chapters. Their titles also contain the cognitive level of their content. Educational objectives (EO) are enumerated before the actual text. The numbering shows to which sub-chapter they belong. Example: EO 3.1.2 This example shows that educational objective EO 3.1.2 is described in sub-chapter 3.1 The Examination This syllabus is the basis for the examination for the foundation level certificate. A question in the examination can cover material from several chapters of the syllabus. All chapters (EU 1 to EU 9) of the syllabus can be examined. Fixed typos and grammar issues EU 1: Reference to ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011 added EU 1: List of aspects for quality requirements modified and reference to ISO/IEC25010:2011 added EU 3.1: Term “legacy” replaced by “existing” EU 4.3: Reference to IEEE 830-1998 replaced by reference to ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011 EU 4.6: List of quality criteria for requirements modified EU 5.2: Term “may” added to the verbs for fixing liability of a requirement EU 6.1: Hint added to the definition of the term “model” EU 6.5: Duplicate paragraph regarding cardinalities removed EU 7.1: examples “correctness” and “completeness” for quality criteria replaced by reference to EU 4.6 EU 7.3: List of criteria for quality aspect "documentation” modified EU 7.6: List of conflict types modified; detailed description added; “Subject conflict” replaced by “Data conflict” EU 8: New Educational objective 8.7.1 added EU 8.1: Attribute “criticality” replaced by “risk” EU 8.7: New Educational unit “Measurement for Requirements” added Terms: Requirement, Stakeholder, Requirements Engineering, Functional Requirement, Quality Requirement, Constraint Educational Objectives: EO 1.1 Knowing symptoms of and reasons for inadequate RE EO 1.2 Knowing the four major activities of RE EO 1.3 Knowing the role of communication in RE EO 1.4 Knowing skills of a requirements engineer EO 1.5 Knowing the three kinds of requirements EO 1.6 Knowing the role of quality requirements Good RE is important since many errors arise already in this phase and can only be rectified later at high cost. Typical symptoms of inadequate RE are missing and unclear requirements. Typical reasons for inadequate RE are the wrong assumption of the stakeholders that much is self-evident and does not need to be stated explicitly communication problems due to differences in experience and knowledge the project pressure from the client to build a productive system rapidly. The four main activities of RE are elicitation, documentation, validation/negotiation plus the management of requirements. The activities can be scheduled in specific processes such as recommended in the Standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011. They often concern different levels of requirements such as stakeholder requirements and system or software requirements. Natural language is the most important means to communicate requirements. At the same time it is particularly important to agree on a common terminology. Furthermore the communication medium (written or spoken) plays a big role. When communicating, all participants must deal consciously with focusing and simplification. This is especially true for the most important role in RE: the requirements engineer. Besides communication skills he or she must especially have the following skills: analytical thinking, empathy, conflict resolution skills, moderation skills, self-confidence and the ability to convince. Typically we differentiate between three kinds of requirements: functional requirements, quality requirements and constraints. The umbrella term “non-functional requirement” is often used for quality requirements and constraints. Quality requirements must be documented explicitly. In particular the following aspects need to be considered Performance Security Reliability Usability Maintainability Portability More comprehensive quality models can be found in the requirements engineering literature and in standards such as the Standard ISO/IEC25010:2011. Even though quality requirements are mostly documented using natural language, their relation to other statements have to be traceable and their validation has to be ensured by quantitative assertions or made operational by transformation into additional functionality. Terms: System Context, System Boundary, Context Boundary Educational Objectives: EO 2.1 Knowing system context, system boundary and context boundary EO 2.2 Mastering and using system boundary and context boundary EU 2.1 System, System Context and Boundaries (L1) The source and so the justifications of the requirements for a system lie in the system context of the planned system. The source consists of the set of all context aspects that initiated or influenced the definition of the requirements. Among the potential aspects in the system context are: People (stakeholder or groups of stakeholders) Systems in operation (technical systems, software and hardware) Processes (technical or physical processes, business processes) Events (technical or physical) Documents (e.g. laws, standards, system documentation) It is the function of the system boundary to define which aspects will be covered by the planned system and which aspects are part of this systems environment. The context boundary identifies the part of the environment that has a connection to the system to be developed. EU 2.2 Determining System and Context Boundaries (L2) Often the system boundary is only precisely defined towards the end of the requirements process. Before that, the desired functions and qualities of the planned system are only incompletely known or not known at all. Therefore there will be a grey zone in which the possible system boundary lies. Besides a shifting of the system boundary within the grey zone, the grey zone itself can also shift during the RE process, e.g. when, through a shifting of the system boundary, further aspects of the environment become important. Also the context boundary can change over time, e.g. when it turns out, contrary to expectations, that a legal requirement, previously classified as relevant, has absolutely no impact on the planned system, then the system context is reduced in this area. The context boundary also has a grey zone. It comprises the identified aspects of the environment for which, at a particular time, it is unclear whether these aspects have a relation to the planned system or not. Educational Objectives: - Knowing various types of requirements sources - Knowing the significance of requirements sources and the consequences of disregarded requirements sources - Knowing the most important information of the stakeholder documentation - Knowing important principles in dealing with stakeholders (stakeholder rights and duties) - Mastering and using the content and significance of the Kano model - Knowing influencing factors for the choice of elicitation techniques - Knowing advantages and disadvantages of elicitation techniques - Mastering and using the following types of elicitation techniques and examples for each: survey techniques, creativity techniques, document-centered techniques, observation techniques and supporting techniques An important activity in RE activity is the elicitation of requirements for the system to be developed. The foundations for the requirements elicitation comprise on the one hand the system context and on the other hand the requirements sources. Various types of requirements sources are differentiated. Possible requirements sources are, for example, stakeholders, documents or existing systems. It is the task of RE to collect the goals and requirements from the various requirements sources. If sources are disregarded, this can have significant negative consequences on the entire course of the project. The documentation of the requirements sources should, with respect to the stakeholders, contain at least the following information: name function (role) additional personal and contact data temporal and spatial availability during the project progress relevance of the stakeholder their area and extent of expertise their goals and interests regarding the project Depending on the company culture it is appropriate, in agreement with the stakeholders, to define verbally or by means of written documentation the tasks, responsibilities, authority, etc. From the stakeholder agreements arise rights and duties for each stakeholder. Dealing with stakeholders effectively guards against lack of motivation and conflicts. Stakeholders should be involved in the project and not only affected by the project. EU 3.2 Requirements Categorization according to the Kano Model (L2) For the elicitation of requirements, it is crucial to know what importance the requirements have for the satisfaction of the stakeholders. According to the model of Dr. Kano, this satisfaction can be classified into three categories: Basic factors (synonym: Dissatisfiers) Performance factors (synonym: Satisfiers) Excitement factors (synonym: Delighters) EU 3.3 Elicitation Techniques (L2) Elicitation techniques fulfill the purpose of finding out the conscious, unconscious and subconscious requirements of stakeholders. Important factors influencing the choice of elicitation technique are risk factors, human influences, organizational influences, functioncontent influences and the intended level of detail of the requirements. Various techniques are needed for the various RE products: Survey techniques (e.g. interviews, questionnaires) Creativity techniques (e.g. brainstorming, brainstorming paradox, change of perspective, analogy technique) Document-centric techniques (e.g. system archaeology, perspective-based reading, requirements reuse) Observation techniques (e.g. field observation, apprenticing) Support techniques (e.g. mind mapping, workshops, CRC cards, audio and video recordings, use case modeling, prototypes) The application of appropriate elicitation techniques is a project-critical key competence. The best results are achieved with a combination of various elicitation techniques. Terms: Requirements Document, Requirements Specification Educational Objectives: - Knowing key reasons for requirements documentation - Knowing the three perspectives of functional requirements - Knowing advantages and disadvantages of natural language requirements documentation - Knowing the most important model-based requirements documentation form - Knowing the advantages of mixed form of requirements documentation - Knowing the advantages of standardized document structures - Knowing widespread document structures - Knowing important points for a tailored standard structure - Knowing activities building on requirements documents - Mastering and using quality criteria for requirements documents - Mastering and using quality criteria for requirements - Knowing the two most important style rules for requirements - Mastering and using contents and importance of a glossary - Mastering and using rules for handling the glossary - Document Design (L1) In RE it is necessary to document all important information. All forms of more or less formal representation of requirements, from the description in prose up to diagrams with formal semantics, are called documentation techniques. Many people are involved in the documentation in the lifecycle of a requirements document. Documentation plays a goal-orientated supporting function in communication. The following factors make this support necessary. Requirements are long-lasting, legally relevant and should be accessible to all. Requirements documents are complex. EU 4.2 Documentation Types (L1) Requirements documents include, amongst other things, functional requirements that normally represent the following three different perspectives of a system. Data perspective Behavioral perspective Functional perspective All three perspectives can be documented by means of natural language requirements, whilst conceptual model types are specialized for one of these perspectives. Effectively applicable forms of the documentation are: Natural language requirements documentation Conceptual requirements models such as, for example use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams or state diagrams (see also EU 6) Combined forms of requirements documentation EU 4.3 Document Structures (L1) Central components of a requirements document are the requirements for the system being considered. Besides the requirements, depending on the purpose of the document, the requirements documents also contain information about the system context, acceptance conditions or, for instance, characteristics of the technical implementation. In order to ensure the manageability of requirements documents, such documents must be structured most appropriately. Reference structures for requirements documents propose a more or less complete and a more or less flexible field-tested content structure. Common reference structures for requirements documents are described amongst others in the Standard ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011. In practice it turns out that there are a lot of positive effects from using reference structures for requirements documents. For instance, the use of reference structures simplifies the usage of the requirements documents in subsequent development activities (e.g. in the definition of test cases). Generally reference structures cannot be adopted one-to-one for a requirements document, as the content structure frequently has to be adapted in detail for domain-, companyor project-specific circumstances. EU 4.4 Use of Requirements Documents (L1) Requirements documents serve as the basis for many activities during the project lifespan, such as, for example Planning Architectural design Implementation Test Change management System usage and system maintenance Contract management In order to serve as a basis the subsequent development processes, the requirements document must meet certain quality criteria. In particular this includes: Unambiguity and consistency Clear structure Modifiability and extensibility Completeness Traceability EU 4.6 Quality Criteria for Requirements (L2) In addition, the individual requirement must satisfy certain quality criteria, in particular: agreed unambiguous necessary consistent verifiable feasible traceable complete understandable Besides the quality criteria for requirements there are two basic style rules for requirements in natural language, which promote readability: short sentences and paragraphs formulate only one requirement per sentence A frequent cause of conflicts, arising in RE, lies in the different understanding of terminology among the involved people. To prevent this problem, it is necessary that all relevant terms are defined in a glossary. A glossary is a collection of term definitions for: context-specific technical terms abbreviations and acronyms everyday concepts that have a special meaning in the given context synonyms homonyms The following rules should be observed when working with a glossary: The glossary must be managed centrally The responsibilities for maintaining the glossary must be defined The glossary must be maintained over the course of the project The glossary must be commonly accessible Use of the glossary must be obligatory The glossary should contain the sources of the terms The stakeholders should agree upon the glossary The entries in the glossary should have a consistent structure It is beneficial to begin the development of the glossary as early as possible, in order to reduce the alignment work later on Terms: Requirements Template Educational Objectives: EO 5.1 Mastering and using the five transformational processes in the perception and writing of natural language and their consequences on the formulation of requirements EO 5.2 Mastering and using the five steps for formulating requirements using a requirements template EU 5.1 Language Effects (L2) As natural language is often ambiguous and interpretable, it is necessary to pay special attention to precisely this aspect when using language. During the processes of perception and writing, socalled “transformational processes” occur. The fact that these transformational processes follow certain rules can be used by the requirements engineer to elicit exactly what the author of the requirement really did mean. The five most relevant transformational processes for RE are: Nominalization Nouns without reference index Universal quantifiers Incompletely specified conditions Incompletely specified process words EU 5.2 Requirements Construction using Templates (L2) Requirements templates are an easily learnable and applicable approach to reducing language effects in the formulation of requirements. The requirements template effectively supports the author of a requirement in creating high quality requirements. The five steps to formulating requirements through a requirements template are: Determine legal obligation Determine the core of the requirement Characterizes the activity of the system Insert objects Determine logical and temporal conditions Educational Objectives - Knowing the purpose and definition of attribute schemes - Knowing important attribute types for requirements - Mastering and using views on requirements - Knowing methods for prioritizing requirements - Mastering and using techniques for prioritizing requirements - Knowing the benefits of requirements traceability - Mastering and using classes of traceability relationships - Mastering and using forms of representation for traceability relationships - Mastering and using versioning of requirements - Mastering and using the formation of requirements configurations - Mastering and using the formation requirements baselines - Knowing the importance of requirements changes - Knowing the functions and members of a Change Control Board - Mastering and using the elements of a requirements change request - Mastering and using different classes of change requests - Mastering and using a process to handle change requests - Knowing the importance of requirements measurements | ||||||||
IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering (CPRE) iSQI Professional action | ||||||||
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iSQI IREB IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/IREB C:\Users\Kamran\Desktop\image.JPG Reference: http://www.certified- re.de/fileadmin/IREB/Lehrplaene/IREB_cpre_syllabus_FL_en_v21.pdf(page 28, assigning attributes to requirements (L1)) Question: 41 Which definition best characterizes the term traceability in terms of requirements engineering? (Choose two) A. Traceability of the effort for the elicitation of the requirements, beginning with the elicitation of the documentation right to the point of requirements acceptance B. Monitoring of progress in requirements elicitation C. Ability to analyze requirements for contradictory content, especially between the requirements specifications and the test cases D. Traceability of the requirements, along with the associated documents, from the requirements elicitation to the implementation E. Level of satisfaction between the elicited and approved requirements Answer: A, C Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirements_traceability Question: 42 HOTSPOT You have been commissioned to analyze a change request for its possible impact. Which of the following aspects must be analyzed for this? 22 Answer: C:\Users\Kamran\Desktop\image.JPG Question: 43 Your company uses only text processing as a tool in requirements management. Which two essential tasks for requirements management are least supported by this tool? A. Version management of individual requirements B. Generation of result document C. Requirements tracing D. Creating of graphic models E. Documentation of requirements and goals Answer: C, D Question: 44 Your company works intensively with models with requirements and uses UML for the description of models. Which three capabilities should a modeling tool processes in order to able to create traceable models in the requirements engineering? (Choose three) A. The model elements can be stored under version control 23 B. The models are checked for community with the UML definition C. The model is exported in the XML format D. Every model element must process anID E. Model elements can be linked via hyperlinks F. The modeling tool creates reports suitable for management Answer: A, C, E Question: 45 the introduction of a requirements Which two statements are correct with regards to engineering tool? (Choose two) A. The introduction of a tool defines the feature requirements engineering approach B. Risks associated with the introduction can be identified through a pilot operation C. The requirements engineering process must be clearly defined before introduction D. The license costs are generally the greatest cost block relating to the introduction of a requirements engineering tool Answer: C, D 24 For More exams visit https://killexams.com/vendors-exam-list Kill your test at First Attempt....Guaranteed! | ||||||||
By completing this form, you are joining our People Power volunteer program and agreeing to receive emails, calls, or texts from the ACLU, its state affiliates, and their representatives about ways to take action and support the ACLU. To learn more about how People Power uses your data, please see our Privacy Policy. On game day, find �˜em in the skyways and outside Target Center, interacting with fans before tipoff and celebrating after the final buzzer sounds. And during the game, they feed off our fans�™ energy, getting the crowd out of their seats for on-court promotions as well as dance cam and t-shirt toss shenanigans. * Registration online only. No walk-in registration. No day-of registration. All applicators must register online in advance prior to attending. Whether it's playing catch with cars, running from robots or mastering martial arts, few things can get your adrenaline pumping as much as a good action movie. Of course, there are plenty of action movies to choose from. There are the classics like Face/Off and Top Gun, superhero films such as Black Panther: Wakanda Forever and Shazam! Fury of the Gods and postapocalyptic movies like Zombieland — which all promise thrilling story lines, intense fight scenes and nonstop excitement. Looking for something a little more mind-altering? Tune into The Matrix. How about a flick that's just as comedic as it is action-packed? Leave it to David Harbour in Violent Night. Whether it is explosions, muscle cars and mayhem or treasure hunts you are after, you're sure to find an action movie you love. Here are the best action movies you can stream right now. John Wick: Chapter 4In the fourth installment of the John Wick saga, the legendary hitman extraordinaire (Keanu Reeves) remains resolute in his mission for revenge against the High Table. But in his pursuit of freedom, he must face a new enemy (Bill Skarsgård) backed by powerful alliances worldwide. Watch John Wick: Chapter 4 on Starz The MachineShaken Not Stirred/Album/Alamy Inspired by Bert Kreischer's 2016 stand-up routine, this 2023 action comedy is a fictionalized version of events, in which he finds himself and his estranged father (Mark Hamill) abducted by a vengeful Russian Mobster (Iva Babić), whose motives stem from a drunken incident in 1999 when Bert stole her father's (Oleg Taktarov) antique pocket watch. Fast XPeter Mountain/Universal Pictures/Courtesy Everett In the adrenaline-pumping 10th installment of the Fast & Furious saga, the repercussions of Hernan Reyes' (Joaquim de Almeida) death in Fast Five (2011) resurfaces to torment Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his crew. Dante (Jason Momoa), Hernan's son, witnessed his father's death and the loss of his family's fortune, harboring a decade-long vendetta. Directed by Louis Leterrier, Fast X accelerates with a star-studded ensemble, featuring Charlize Theron, Brie Larson, Rita Moreno, John Cena, Jason Statham, Helen Mirren, Michelle Rodriguez and more. Dungeons & Dragons: Honour Among ThievesPARAMOUNT PICTURES/Moviestore/Shutterstock Inspired by the tabletop role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, this fantasy heist comedy helmed by Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley follows the escapades of Edgin Darvis (Chris Pine), a lute-strumming bard, and his barbarian BFF, Holga (Michelle Rodriguez). After their prison break, the two comrades assemble an oddball crew of misfits on a quest to recover a stolen relic from a now-mighty swindler (Hugh Grant) and cross paths with dangerous enemies along the way. Watch Dungeons & Dragons: Honour Among Thieves on Amazon Prime Video BladeBefore Black Panther and the MCU, there was Blade. The 1998 film was the first Marvel movie with a Black lead and the first Marvel comic adaptation to be a box-office success. Wesley Snipes' martial arts mastery is on display as the vampire-slaying daywalker, utilizing everything from garlic, syringes and roundhouse kicks to beat the bloodsuckers. Come for the seamless fight scenes and stay for the iconic one-liners and killer late-'90s fashion. Terminator 2: Judgement DayStudioCanal/Shutterstock All of the Terminator movies have killer action scenes, but Judgment Day is a nonstop ride with high stakes and state-of-the-art special effects that blew its 1991 audience away and still holds up today. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Linda Hamilton and a young Edward Furlong deliver stellar performances, and James Cameron's sci-fi flair will keep you on the edge of your seat for the entire 136-minute runtime. Watch Terminator 2: Judgement Day on Paramount+ PlaneLionsgate/Moviestore/Shutterstock When a lightning storm forces pilot Brodie Torrance (Gerard Butler) to make an emergency landing on an island in the Philippines, the surviving passengers find themselves confronted by the hostile rebels who claim it as their domain. Teaming up with passenger Louis Gaspare (Mike Colter), a fugitive homicide suspect, Brodie undertakes a high-stakes mission to ensure the safe return of himself and his passengers. John WickDavid Lee/Thunder Road/Lionsgate/Mjw/Summit/Kobal/Shutterstock This 2014 action thriller and franchise starter shows what happens when "you stab the devil in his back." After his wife and cherished possessions are taken away, the illustrious assassin John Wick (Keanu Reeves) returns to old habits and unleashes his murderous instincts on those who've wronged him ... while also being hunted by a former colleague. Scott Pilgrim vs. the WorldWhen idling musician Scott Pilgrim (Michael Cera) meets the woman of his dreams (Mary Elizabeth Winstead), he has to defeat seven of her evil exes through arcade-style battles in order to be her boyfriend. Packing punches left and right, this 2010 action-filled adventure features an ensemble cast including Kieran Culkin, Chris Evans, Brie Larson, Anna Kendrick, Aubrey Plaza and more. Watch Scott Pilgrim vs the World on Netflix Face/OffFace/Off has a premise that's so bizarre that it might just be perfect: FBI agent Sean Archer (John Travolta) is determined to avenge the murder of his son, who was killed in an assassination attempt meant for Archer. When assassin Castor Troy (Nicolas Cage) is presumed dead after a plane crash, Archer has his own face surgically removed and replaced with Troy's to gather intel from Troy's twin brother. But Troy wakes up from his coma and has surgery to replace his own face with Archer's. In almost anyone else's hands, Face/Off wouldn't work, but Travolta and Cage lean into their roles with full intensity, and John Woo's direction keeps it from becoming unintentionally campy. First BloodWhen John Rambo, a Vietnam War veteran, searches for an old military friend, he faces relentless harassment, abuse and cruelty ... until he snaps. First Blood, released in 1981, was the world's introduction to Sylvester Stallone's iconic Green Beret. The film was a massive success and spawned four explosive sequels, but the original movie's themes of action, survivalism and compassion, enhanced by Stallone's nuanced performance, make First Blood the first choice in Rambo flicks. Point BreakPoint Break stars Keanu Reeves as federal agent Johnny Utah as he tracks a string of bank robberies by a gang of surfers, led by Patrick Swayze's Bodhi. The investigation gets complicated when Johnny finds himself smitten with surfer Tyler (Lori Petty) and a little too friendly with her group. One of Kathryn Bigelow's first blockbusters, Point Break had a successful theatrical run, making $80 million globally, but it grew even more popular on home video and TV. A lackluster remake of the film was released in 2015. Road HouseMGM/UA/Kobal/Shutterstock Road House might not have been an immediate hit with critics or audiences at its theatrical release, but it developed a cult following in the cable TV and streaming eras and is getting a remake with Jake Gyllenhaal. The 1989 film has absolutely no frills — but with Patrick Swayze serving roundhouse kicks to curb corruption, do you really need any? ZombielandPariah/Kobal/Shutterstock This 2009 postapocalyptic action comedy follows a group of surviving humans — played by Woody Harrelson, Jesse Eisenberg, Emma Stone and Abigail Breslin — who have to avoid becoming "human Happy Meals" for bloodthirsty zombies while making their way to an alleged safe haven. WantedRelativity/Spyglass/Universal/Kobal/Shutterstock James McAvoy and Angelina Jolie team up with Morgan Freeman in Wanted. Wesley Gibson (McAvoy) is inducted into a group of assassins — but quickly learns a lot is looming under the surface of their already shady activities. The 2008 action film makes great use of The Matrix's "bullet time" and tongue-in-cheek comic relief. The FugitiveStephen Vaughan/Warner Bros./Kobal/Shutterstock Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones star in this 1993 adaptation of the '60s TV show. There's a prison break, chase scenes leading off cliffs and through helicopters and a deep connection between the two leads. Glee star Jane Lynch got one of her first big breaks in The Fugitive. In 2018, Lynch told PeopleTV that Ford gave her a key piece of acting advice on the set: Keep your mouth closed on camera. The Bourne UltimatumIn the heady third installment of the Jason Bourne film series, Matt Damon returns as the titular former CIA hitman grappling with psychogenic amnesia. As he faces the danger of a new assassin program, Operation Blackbriar, Jason plunges into a globe-trotting quest to outsmart formidable enemies and unlock memories from his past. Watch The Bourne Ultimatum on Max NobodyUniversal Pictures/Moviestore/Shutterstock Bob Odenkirk — best known as self-sabotaging attorney Saul Goodman on Better Call Saul and Breaking Bad — may seem like an unlikely action hero, but he makes it clear in Nobody that even an Everyman has his limits. Odenkirk revealed that the film was partially inspired by his personal experience. "I think most people watching this movie will not realize the level of autobiography there is in it," he told Jimmy Kimmel in 2021. "I had two home break-ins in Los Angeles... Nobody is very related to my actual experience of having someone in the house, threatening my family, trying to keep the damage to a minimum." Watch Nobody on Amazon Prime Video V for VendettaBased on Alan Moore, David Lloyd and Tony Weare's graphic novel of the same name, V for Vendetta stars Hugo Weaving as V, an anarchist vigilante who rescues Evey (Natalie Portman) and enlists her in his chaos. The themes of fascism and authoritarianism are both timely and timeless, and the action is nonstop. As dark as the film can get, its ultimate message is one of hope. MedellínAmazon Studios/Courtesy Everett In a high-stakes mission, boxing gym manager Réda (Ramzy Bedia) recruits his friends, Stan (Franck Gastambide) and Chafik (Anouar Toubali), to rescue his kidnapped brother from a dangerous narcos cartel in the titular city. With a simple and reckless plan, Réda brings his team on an action-filled adventure — involving conflict with drug ring leader El Diablo (Raymond Cruz) — that none of them could have anticipated. Watch Medellín on Amazon Prime Video Avatar: The Way of WaterWalt Disney Studios Motion Pictures/Courtesy Everett Dive into the phantasmagorical depths of James Cameron's Avatar universe with this 2022 sequel. Following a decade after the first film's events, Way of Water sees the Sully family fleeing their home to reside with the oceanic Metkayina clan, where they have to defend themselves and their hosts against brutal aggressors through a flood of action-packed battles. Watch Avatar: The Way of Water on Disney+ Shazam! Fury of the GodsWarner Bros./Courtesy Everett Directed by David F. Sandberg, this 2023 DCEU sequel to Shazam! (2019) finds teenager Billy Batson (Asher Angel) and members of his "Shazamily" — who all can transform into their superhero alter egos just by saying "Shazam!" out loud — fighting against a trio of ancient gods who've come to earth with a vengeance for those who stole their magic powers. Fury of the Gods stars Zachary Levi, Jack Dylan Grazer, Rachel Zegler, Adam Brody, Ross Butler, Meagan Good, Lucy Liu and Helen Mirren. Watch Shazam! Fury of the Gods on Max Gangs of LagosBeing Amazon Prime Video's first original movie from Africa, this 2023 Nigerian action-thriller is worth a watch. Jade Osiberu's Gangs of Lagos follows a group of three best friends who witness their father figure's murder, and join the gang led by his cold-hearted partner Kazeem (Olarotimi Fakunle). The film stars Tobi Bakre, Iyabo Ojo, Adesua Etomi, Chioma Akpotha and Demi Banwo, among others. Watch Gangs of Lagos on Amazon Prime Video FuriesThis 2023 Vietnamese action thriller — and prequel to 2019's Furie — follows three women who bond over shared traumas and are trained to defeat a '90s Saigon gang that traffics and assaults other women. Filled with rip-roaring violence and dynamic fight sequences, this film is a tough yet heady watch. Violent NightAllen Fraser /Universal Pictures/Courtesy Everett You better watch out, you better not cry! Stranger Things' David Harbour ditches his Hawkins police uniform and slips on Saint Nick's suit in this 2022 holiday action thriller. When Santa Claus comes to town, delivering presents to a Connecticut mansion, he discovers that mercenaries are holding the residing family hostage and comes to their rescue with brutal force. Watch Violent Night on Amazon Prime Video Black PantherBlack Panther brought much-needed Black representation to the superhero genre. Chadwick Boseman's indelible mark on cinema as T'Challa cannot be overstated, and Michael B. Jordan's Killmonger is as sympathetic and complicated a villain as they come. The supporting cast's performances, especially Angela Bassett and Sterling K. Brown, are just as moving. Enhanced by its stunning actors, the movie's action is a blast to watch. Whether you're watching Okoye (Danai Gurira) tossing her wig in a fight scene, Shuri (Letitia Wright) showing off her genius or a mixed martial arts battle, every element works. Watch Black Panther on Disney+ Black Panther: Wakanda ForeverEli Ade/Marvel/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures/Courtesy Everett Securing Marvel its first Oscar win (three, in fact) with the first Black Panther film, this 2022 sequel earned another for Best Costume Design — yet there is so much more to take in, including the feature's eye-catching thrills. Following King T'Challa's (Chadwick Boseman) death, the mourning Queen Ramonda (Angela Bassett), Princess/scientist Shuri (Letitia Wright), fellow Wakandans and allies strive to protect the kingdom from outside (and underwater) forces. Former War Dog Nakia (Lupita Nyong'o) and CIA agent Everett Ross (Martin Freeman) are back to help ensure the continuing legacy of the Black Panther. Watch Black Panther: Wakanda Forever on Disney+ Die HardMoviestore/Shutterstock Welcome to the party, pal! Whether or not you think Die Hard is a Christmas movie, the 1988 thriller is easily one of the best action movies of all time. Bruce Willis' introductory jaunt as John McClane has all the makings of a classic: a working-class hero, a hard-to-get love interest (Bonnie Bedelia), a dangerously charismatic villain (Alan Rickman), earnest sidekicks Alan (Reginald VelJohnson) and Argyle (De'voreaux White) and some of the best catchphrases in the game. Did we mention McClane saves the day while barefoot? Godzilla vs. KongHBO Max / Courtesy Everett What do you do when one monster attacks? Unleash another one, of course. In Godzilla vs. Kong, the real monsters aren't Godzilla or Kong — they're conspiracy theorists and technology. While the action is stellar when the larger-than-life creatures go after each other, the excitement is unstoppable once they team up. Watch Godzilla vs. Kong on Max DevotionEli Ade/Sony Pictures Entertainment/Courtesy Everett Based on Adam Makos' book — Devotion: An Epic Story of Heroism, Friendship, and Sacrifice — this aerial war drama revolves around the real-life friendship between U.S. Navy fighter pilots Jesse Brown (Creed III's Jonathan Majors) and Tom Hudner (Top Gun: Maverick's Glen Powell, who's also an actual licensed pilot) and their time served together during the Korean War. With a supporting cast including Serinda Swan, Joe Jonas and more, Devotion honors the bond of a brotherhood forged in the early 1950s among racial and global tension. All Quiet on the Western FrontReiner Bajo/Netflix Premiering at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2022, this German anti-war drama — adapted from Erich Maria Remarque's 1929 eponymous novel — tells the timeless story of a young man named Paul Bäumer (Felix Kammerer) who eagerly joins the German Army to fight in World War I. But when he and his comrades find themselves amid unforgiving and inhumane violence, their once-patriotic notions of war are shattered as they make every effort to survive. Watch All Quiet on the Western Front on Netflix The Woman KingInspired by real events, this AAFCA-winning historical action flick centers on the Agojie, an all-woman army of the West African kingdom of Dahomey. In a dazzling performance, Viola Davis stars as highly-trained General Nanisca, who has to prepare a new generation of warriors to fight a foreign invader threatening their civilization. Watch The Woman King on Netflix Top GunIf you feel the need for speed, Tony Scott's fighter pilot action flick should be your first choice. In 1986's Top Gun, Tom Cruise soars as smug hotshot Lt. Pete "Maverick" Mitchell," who strives to be the top naval pilot in his class — causing friction between him and rivaling classmates such as Iceman (Val Kilmer) — and swoop the flight instructor (Kelly McGillis) off her feet. From its classic soundtrack to its iconic beach volleyball scene to its fast-paced thrills, this blockbuster will "take you right into the danger zone." Top Gun: MaverickScott Garfield/Paramount Pictures/Courtesy Everett Thirty-six years after Pete "Maverick" Mitchell (Tom Cruise) graduated the TOPGUN Naval aviation program, he's invited back as an instructor for a new generation of fliers, including Miles Teller's Bradley ("Rooster") and Glen Powell's Jake ("Hangman"). Earning over $1 billion dollars at the global box office, 2022's Top Gun: Maverick is not only a triumphant sequel to its iconic predecessor, but is also a "love letter to aviation," as it impressively cranked up the action without VFX and filmed stunts with real U.S. Navy pilots flying top-quality fighter jets. Watch Top Gun: Maverick on Paramount+ Free GuyFrom Deadpool to Red Notice, Ryan Reynolds is a bona fide action star who never fails to bring the laughs. Also starring Jodie Comer, Taika Waititi and more, the 2021 action comedy follows a bank teller named Guy (Reynolds), who discovers he's a trivial background character in a violent multiplayer video game and strives to be a winning hero when faced with conflict. Black AdamHe kneels before no one. In this 2022 Shazam! spin-off Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson stars as the eponymous DC Comics character, who's freed from imprisonment and uses his almighty powers "born out of rage" for revenge, but is intercepted by heroes from the Justice Society, such as Atom Smasher (Noah Centineo), Doctor Fate (Pierce Brosnan), Hawkman (Aldis Hodge) and Cyclone (Quintessa Swindell). The Maze RunnerBased on the first book in a YA dystopian series, The Maze Runner follows 16-year-old Thomas (Dylan O'Brien), who wakes up in an elevator with zero recollection of his past and finds himself among a group of boys (and one girl) trying to form a community on an area of land they call the Glade. And if they want to escape, they have to run through a constantly-shifting maze that's patrolled by killer cyborg creatures. Bullet TrainFamous faces like Brad Pitt, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Sandra Bullock and Bad Bunny were all on board for this off-the-rails action comedy. Based on Kōtarō Isaka 2010's novel, Maria Beetle, 2022's Bullet Train follows five cutthroat assassins, who are all assigned individual missions that are somehow connected, on a Japanese high-speed train. Shadow in the CloudIn this 2022 war fantasy, Chloë Grace Moretz stars as a WWII flight officer who battles with an evil creature on her mission. Also starring Taylor John Smith and Nick Robinson, Shadow in the Cloud is a bumpy ride with several jump-scares lurking in its shadows, and tells a wildly complex story about female strength. Watch Shadow in the Cloud on Hulu Pearl HarborFrom quintessential action movie director Michael Bay comes a romantic war drama that fictionalizes the historical Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. This 2001 feature follows two childhood best friends (Ben Affleck and Josh Hartnett), who enlist in the military as pilots during WWII and a love triangle unfolds between them and a nurse (Kate Beckinsale). Captain America: Civil WarMarvel movies always have a ton of great action sequences, but Captain America: Civil War brings together major characters in conflict with each other in exciting ways — and the questions raised about surveillance and the police state continue to resonate. Chris Evans' fight as Captain America with Robert Downey Jr.'s Tony Stark was instantly meme-able, and the introduction of Chadwick Boseman's Black Panther and Tom Holland's Spider-Man make Civil War a fan favorite. Watch Captain America: Civil War on Disney+ Avengers: EndgameWalt Disney Studios Motion Pictures/Marvel Studios/Courtesy Everett Avengers, we love you 3000. Bringing back fan-favorite characters and ending several beloved MCU story lines, the epic conclusion to the Avengers saga chronicles the titular superhero group's final battle with Thanos, the demigod who destroyed the universe in Infinity War. Shattering box-office records, the 2019 superhero film became the second highest-grossing film of all time (at the time) next to 2009's Avatar. Watch Avengers: Endgame on Disney+ The MatrixIn addition to its prescient themes of machines distracting, subjugating and feeding off of human energy, The Matrix revolutionized action movies thanks to two words: "bullet time." Keanu Reeves dodging bullets became an iconic image, and the visual effect has been used in countless action and superhero movies since. PreyDavid Bukach/Hulu/Courtesy Everett Collection A prequel to the original Predator, Prey follows Naru (Amber Midthunder), a fledgling fighter trying to protect the Comanche Nation from the extraterrestrial hunter. Set 300 years before the events of the 1987 classic, the film features an almost entirely Native and First Nation cast and is available to stream entirely in Comanche. At its debut, Prey became Hulu's biggest streaming premiere ever. The NorthmanWith a cast that includes Alexander Skarsgård (who gained 20 pounds of muscle for the role), Nicole Kidman, Willem Dafoe, Ethan Hawke, Anya Taylor-Joy and Björk, The Northman is a take on the Norse folk tale of Amleth — the very legend that inspired Shakespeare's Hamlet. When King Aurvandill (Hawke) is murdered by his own brother (Claes Bang), Prince Amleth (Skarsgård) vows to avenge his father's death — but there's far more to the treasonous slaying than meets the eye. With elements of Norse mythology and killer battle scenes, The Northman is a must-see. Sin CityThe 2005 action anthology Sin City is as much an adaptation of Frank Miller's graphic novels as it is a love letter to classic film noir. Visually stunning thanks to its mostly monochromatic palette, director Robert Rodriguez deliberately stayed as close to the source material as possible. With standout performances from Mickey Rourke and Elijah Wood, Sin City paved the way for the later comic book movie revival as a whole. The Dark KnightChristian Bale is a great Bruce Wayne, but it was Heath Ledger's final completed performance as the Joker that brought The Dark Knight its critical acclaim and commercial blockbuster status. From the opening bank heist to the impossible choices the Joker thrusts upon both Batman and Gotham City, Christopher Nolan's sophomore outing for the caped crusader raises resonant questions about the nature of man. The BatmanMatt Reeves' The Batman, released in 2022, is less like a superhero epic and more of a detective thriller. Robert Pattinson plays a tortured Bruce Wayne and a brooding Batman equally well, while Zoë Kravitz brings Selina Kyle to life as a sensual, cynical Catwoman. Paul Dano is chilling as the Zodiac Killer-inspired Riddler, and he worked very hard to get there: He was such a perfectionist that Reeves said Dano filmed 200 takes of a single scene. The Old GuardAIMEE SPINKS/NETFLIX The Old Guard examines a power granted to many superheroes that often goes unquestioned: the loneliness and boredom associated with immortality. Charlize Theron and the rest of the cast kill it in hand-to-hand combat scenes, and it brought some long overdue LGBTQ representation to the superhero genre. Watch The Old Guard on Netflix UnchartedTom Holland and Mark Wahlberg make an unlikely but delightful pair in Uncharted, based on the video game of the same name. Nathan "Nate" Drake (Holland), a bartender-turned-pickpocket, sets off on an adventure to find his lost brother. (Holland worked as a bartender in real life to prepare for the role.) Victor "Sully" Sullivan (Wahlberg) takes Nate under his wing to find a treasure left by Ferdinand Magellan, and it turns out that Sully and Nate are connected in more ways than they realize — and even when their friendship gets tenuous, they need each other to survive. The Gray ManStanislav Honzik/Netflix Oscar winner Ryan Gosling stars as the titular Gray Man, an assassin on the run — with the help of some chewing gum, a precocious child and Ana de Armas — from a former CIA colleague. After nearly a decade as Captain America, Chris Evans takes a villainous turn — but it's a role he plays so well. Evans chews the scenery as the bad guy in The Gray Man, brothers Anthony and Joe Russo's first Netflix project (they previously directed Evans in four Marvel movies). The film was successful enough to greenlight both a spin-off and a sequel. The Kid Who Would Be KingA kid-friendly option, The Kid Who Would Be King is as heartwarming as it is adrenaline-pumping. Patrick Stewart is a delight as Merlin (perhaps taking notes from his real-life bestie, Ian McKellen, and his turn as Gandalf) and Rebecca Ferguson is enchanting as wicked sorceress Morgana. Watch The Kid Who Would Be King on Disney+ Zack Snyder's Justice LeagueWhile 2017's Justice League — taken on by Joss Whedon partway through production — had an obviously similar story, the stakes immediately feel higher in Zack Snyder's lengthy rendition of the superhero team-up. In the Snyder cut, villain Steppenwolf's motives are clearer, and his defeat of the Amazons proves that he is a force to be reckoned with. Ben Affleck's Bruce Wayne is perfectly pensive, Ray Fisher's star turn as Cyborg is fully realized, Jason Momoa's Aquaman makes a splash and Gal Gadot's Wonder Woman shows her tougher side. ![]() Affirmative Action Under Attack By Dan Froomkin Affirmative action is the nation's most ambitious attempt to redress its long history of racial and sexual discrimination. But these days it seems to incite, rather than ease, the nation's internal divisions. An increasingly assertive opposition movement argues that the battle to ensure equal rights for all citizens has been fought and won – and that favoring members of one group over another simply goes against the American grain. But defenders of affirmative action say that the playing field is not level yet – and that granting modest advantages to minorities and women is more than fair, given hundreds of years of discrimination that benefited whites and men. This special report includes key stories from The Post, as well as select editorials and columns. The resources and links section lists related Web sites and contains the text of President Clinton's 1995 address on the topic. You can share your thoughts in our talk area. This essay provides an introduction to the following topics:
Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions. Institutions with affirmative action policies generally set goals and timetables for increased diversity – and use recruitment, set-asides and preference as ways of achieving those goals. In its modern form, affirmative action can call for an admissions officer faced with two similarly qualified applicants to choose the minority over the white, or for a manager to recruit and hire a qualified woman for a job instead of a man. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to supply any preference to unqualified candidates. And they are not supposed to harm anyone through "reverse discrimination."
President Clinton, asserting that the job of ending discrimination remains unfinished, strongly defends affirmative action. "Mend it, but don't end it," he says. Conservatives, however, see ending affirmative action as a powerful political issue. Heartened by exact Supreme Court decisions that have limited affirmative action – and by the passage in 1996 of a California ballot initiative abolishing sexual and racial preferences – Republicans are taking up the battle wherever they can. The debate over affirmative action takes on a particularly bitter tenor in the trenches. "Angry white men" blame affirmative action for robbing them of promotions and other opportunities. And while many minorities and women support affirmative action, a growing number say its benefits are no longer worth its side effect: the perception that their success is unearned. Judging simply by the results, the playing field would appear to still be tilted very much in favor of white men. Overall, minorities and women are in vastly lower paying jobs and still face active discrimination in some sectors. At this point in our nation's history, does affirmative action make things better or worse? The debate rages on. Dan Froomkin can be reached at froomkin@washingtonpost.com © Copyright 1998 The Washington Post Company FOX 5 Atlanta is entering a new partnership with Call for Action to help you solve your problems. It’s a non-profit network of consumer hotlines. Call For Action will be available every day to walk you through any issues you have with businesses, government agencies, or other organizations. You make the call and our team of trained volunteers works to get you answers. It’s that simple! Or you can call 404-879-4500 Monday, Wednesday, and Friday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Remember, we get emails from all over, so the Call for Action volunteers promise to respond just as quickly as they can. You can volunteer as little as one day a week, and Call For Action provides software and mediation training. If you are interested in volunteering and want more information, call 1-800-647-1756 for more information. Call For Action returns to help GeorgiansThe Call For Action team is back to help Georgians solve problems with bills, retailers, and more. The volunteers help you find a solution that works for you and the business or even the government department you can get through to. Here are some frequently asked questions about Call For Action: The Call For Action office is staffed entirely by dedicated volunteers. Why do we need volunteers? Volunteers are needed to help resolve consumer complaints, either by mediation or referral. What does it take to be a CFA volunteer? The most important qualification is a sincere desire to help people resolve consumer problems they have been unable to resolve themselves. You need to be available from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. on the same day each week to come in and volunteer. We ask that you make a one-year commitment to the program, and participants must be at least 18 years old. Do you provide training? Yes. Our development team provides the training necessary to become a volunteer professional. What kind of people usually volunteer for CFA? All kinds: retired professionals, teachers, lawyers, former CEOs, engineers, homemakers, pharmacists, secretaries, government employees, and writers. People just like you! Do you provide training? Yes. Our development team provides the training necessary to become a volunteer professional. How much time would I need to spend each week? Volunteers devote a few hours, one day a week, usually from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Where is the office? 1551 Briarcliff Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30306 Please be aware that there are no opportunities for paid employment with the station or with Call For Action. This is a volunteer opportunity. © 2023 Oxfam America Inc. All rights reserved. Oxfam is a global organization that fights inequality to end poverty and injustice. We offer lifesaving support in times of crisis and advocate for economic justice, gender equality, and climate action. We demand equal rights and equal treatment so that everyone can thrive, not just survive. The future is equal. Oxfam America is a 501(c)(3) organization. Gifts are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. ‘Ballerina’Between “Gunpowder Milkshake,” “Baby Assassins,” and “Kill Boksoon,” the hit woman subgenre is bubbling with new subversive takes on the masculine hired gun motif. The Korean director Lee Chung-hyun’s “Ballerina” picks up those reins for a film about Okju (Jun Jong-seo), a retired bodyguard seeking to avenge the brutal murder of her dancer friend Minhee (Park Yu-rim) at the hands of a ruthless underworld predator (Kim Ji-hun). While the film finds thematic strength in Okju fighting a toxic patriarchy, it’s also a visual feast. Okju’s confrontation with convenience store thieves, in which she uses a can as a deadly weapon, is a whirling, cleanly composed sequence. The vibrant pink, purple and gold lighting — stylish touches that outline the close friendship shared by Okju and Minhee — often gives way to gritty and grimy shocks of violence. Those moments, which rely on Jun’s balletic movements, add a fierceness to this story. ‘The Black Book’Lawyers for Civil Rights, a nonprofit based in Boston, is filing the civil rights complaint on behalf of Black and Latino community groups in New England, alleging that Harvard’s admissions system violates the Civil Rights Act. | ||||||||
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