HPE2-W07 Topics - Selling Aruba Products and Solutions Updated: 2023

ESG has quickly become a pertinent topic, especially with the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) coming into play.

This and the many issues around society, climate change and cooperation set the stage for the ESG Autumn Summit, which took place in the Radisson Blu Royal Hotel on Thursday, November 9.

The entire day saw a heavily engaged audience make the most of the occasion, with many questions asked of the various practitioners and experts speaking on the day.

Shay Cloherty, managing director of iQuest Ltd, welcomed everyone to the summit, as did the summit chair Joe Lynam, broadcaster and business editor for Newstalk.

Lynam set the scene by highlighting the many recent events caused by climate change, including major flooding, heatwaves, and wildfires, saying, “ESG policies couldn’t be more relevant today.”

The opening keynote focused on the climate and everything emergency and had John Gibbons, climate change journalist and commentator, delivering a sober talk. He clarified what was at stake and how important it was for the world to act now.

“These are special and consequential times that we live in,” he said. “The targets and goals are complex, but a simple way of thinking about them is pain theory: how much pain do you want? The way to think about this is that three paths lie ahead: mitigation, adaptation, or suffering.”

Continuing this was Derarca Dennis, partner at EY, who looked at the preparation needed for the future of mandatory ESG disclosures. Discussing the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, she said the good news is that this subject is being looked at worldwide.

“What’s different about the CSRD in Europe is the stakeholder is the whole community, not just your investors, and that’s very different,” she said. “That creates different dynamics and exposure for your company.”

Next was a practitioner’s perspective on sustainability strategy development and reporting, delivered by Geoff Dooley, head of sustainability services at Antaris Consulting. For example, he brought up AstraZeneca’s approach as a good benchmark for sustainability reporting and stated that organisations need to make the business case for sustainability; otherwise, it won’t stick.

“What AstraZeneca did is not just provide guidelines but minimum requirements,” he explained. “If you want to be one of their suppliers, you must have an emissions trajectory that aligns with the 1.5°C Paris Climate Accord commitment.

“Sustainability is being positioned as a licence to operate, so we have to make the compelling business case.”

After the first of many Q&As with speakers, the focus went on to the role of double materiality – referring to how information disclosed by a company can be material, both in how it impacts the company’s financial value as well as its impact on the world – and how it ties into sustainability reporting.

Dee Moran, FCA, professional accountancy lead at Chartered Accountants Ireland, and Mike O’Halloran, FCA, technical manager of advocacy and voice department for Chartered Accountants Ireland, took the stage to discuss this topic.

When asked about the 1,100 data points and 85 disclosure requirements the CSRD covers, Moran said that not all data points will apply to every industry and won’t all have to be covered.

“Data points on climate will be important for all. For some, certain social ones will be more important for particular sectors,” she said.

While CSRD came up numerous times throughout the day, Maureen O’Donnell, BWR Mark (Business Working Responsibly) manager for Business in the Community, gave an overview of it and CSDDD and how the latter is going to make businesses change through actions and consequences for not following it.

Before the coffee break, Enda Gunnell, chief executive of Pinergy, spoke about strategies for improved sustainability reporting, the large role microgeneration can play, and how much solar has taken hold on the island.

“Microgeneration is here to stay,” he said. “We’ve made huge progress in allowing and facilitating solar PV generation. Before, I would have said Ireland is a wind country, but that’s changing. We’re still at the point where 1 per cent can generate their own power, but that is growing weekly.”

Engaged streams

For the late morning, the summit broke up into three sessions. Stream one focused on ESG data challenges and was chaired by Brian O’Kennedy, chief executive of Clearstream Solutions.

Stream two looked at setting up an effective sustainability reporting programme, chaired by Joe Lynam.

The final stream discussed the path to sustainability for SMEs and was chaired by Sarah Blake, sustainability consultant for Earthology.

Afterwards, all three gave a round-up of their respective streams.

Stream one began with a look at the ESG data journey and the most challenging issues. This featured Aebhín Cawley, chief executive and founder of Scott Cawley; Brian Kennedy, CFA, senior global equity portfolio manager at Mediolanum International Funds Ltd(MIFL); and Dave O’Shaughnessy, partner at EY.

Next up was a panel on collecting high-quality Scope 3 data and embedding circularity in supply chains, bringing together Geoff Dooley, head of sustainability services at Antaris Consulting; Ken Mulkerrins, group head of innovation & sustainability for Kilsaran Group; Les O’Reilly, managed services country lead for HP Ireland; and Marion Briggs, vice-president of Alliance to Zero.

Summing it up, O’Kennedy commended both panels for being intriguing and highlighted a central point where nature was described as the silent stakeholder on these issues.

The second stream started with Maria Diffley, co-founder and director of SustainIQ, discussing six steps to identify and plug gaps in a company’s ESG reporting.

Following this was a panel discussion on providing practical advice on producing sustainability reports that stakeholders can trust. This brought together Dr Maria Kirrane, head of sustainability & climate action at University College Cork; Emer Keaveny, partner at EY; John Curran, managing director of Blue Planet Consulting; and Nicola Woods, chief technology officer of An Post.

Curran mentioned the strong audience participation in each panel, highlighting the importance of identifying stakeholders and demonstrating how you’ve rigorously gone through your ESG process.

The third and final stream on sustainability for SMEs began by discussing how collaboration between large enterprises and SMEs is a win-win for the planet.

Liz Waters, chief executive of Watershed Group; Paul Monaghan, group head of sustainability at Mannok; and Paul Murphy, climate action solutions lead at Climeaction, took part in this discussion.

That stream finished up by providing concrete measures to help SMEs on their sustainable transition, on which Alexa Toomey, head of sustainability, renewable energy and agtech at Enterprise Ireland; Darragh Blake, banking and finance partner at Eversheds Sutherland LLP (Ireland); Denise Bell, director of Bell Lane Coffee Ltd; and Philip Connor, head of energy services at Pinergy, gave their thoughts.

Blake mentioned how the themes of collaboration and data were primary considerations throughout each panel and how framing problems as opportunities is a good takeaway.

Change is always possible

With Lynam welcoming everyone back after lunch and the three stream moderators giving their takes, it was back to the final run of panels.

The first panel looked at future-proofing your business with B Corp certification, which began with a presentation from James McManus, director of B Lab Ireland. He was later joined in a panel discussion with Louise O’Connor, CSR strategist for Strong Roots, and Mary Gray, marketing director of Urban Volt.

Addressing concerns about revenue growth, McManus mentioned that those B Corp companies that looked after their stakeholders, which included employees, the community and more, saw an average revenue growth rate of 22 per cent.

The final panel of the day looked at communicating and engaging with stakeholders and included Jonathan Carr, client director of Havas Genus; Lorraine Fitzgerald, head of sustainability at Glenveagh Properties PLC; Margot Slattery, global head of diversity, inclusion and belonging at ISS World Services; and Sylvia Coldrick, chief risk officer for Liberty Insurance.

Slattery mentioned how, in ESG, the social and governance parts tend to be overshadowed by the environmental issues, saying that to her, the social element is the impact on the business, the community and the ecosystem. Likewise, Carr mentioned that how you engage with those stakeholders is crucial and makes a huge difference in the long run.

When asked for their closing remarks, the message was that it’s never too late to change, and to see this as an opportunity to innovate and do things differently. That approach will have to carry businesses forward worldwide if the globe is to meet its climate responsibilities.

Data privacy has been one of the hottest Topics in digital advertising for the past five years.

Despite all the ink spilled on the topic, however, the way industry stakeholders discuss the ideal outcome for consumers is out of touch with basic intuition about consumer preferences and technical reality.

Granular consumer consent over tracking is often upheld as the gold standard for data privacy practices. Yet consumers widely regard “pop-ups as annoying,” and it’s hard to believe anyone in ad tech truly expects consumers to signal how they would like each corporate entity to track them across every property on the web.

To understand where data privacy technology, rules and consumer interfaces are heading, we should instead consider a range of scenarios for consumer privacy and how they might overlap.

The future of data privacy is likely a patchwork of solutions, not seamless and granular consent signals.

Why granular consumer consent is an unrealistic standard

Since the rollout of GDPR, consumers have been getting used to individual sites and companies asking them if they consent to tracking. One of two scenarios tends to play out, neither ideal.

One is clicking “yes” just to dismiss the pop-up. Surely, many consumers who click “yes” actually approve of the value exchange of data for mostly free services. But almost no one can say they haven’t said “yes” just to bypass the pop-up.

The other undesirable outcome of pop-ups as the arbiter of consent is saying “no” because the trade-offs are unclear, as is the case with post-AppTrackingTransparency notices on iOS devices. Who wouldn’t “ask app not to track” if the downsides weren’t evident? Some users say “no” because they genuinely don’t want to disclose their data, even if it means free services will start to cost them. But this trade-off is opaque.

The patchwork future of data privacy

Consumers signaling whether they consent to be tracked, for what purposes and for how long is highly unlikely if the mechanism to do so is pop-ups.

Instead, some combination of three scenarios will replace the current state of affairs:

1. Consent management tech improves, making it easy for consumers to make educated and clear decisions about privacy across digital properties.
2. Tracking mostly persists by default in exchange for free services.
3. Ad targeting and measurement methods like contextual advertising and Google’s Privacy Sandbox APIs replace behavioral one-to-one tracking, allowing digital services to monetize attention with fewer privacy sacrifices.

The most substantive ethical progress would come from scenario one: a centralized data privacy hub allowing consumers to signal who can collect data about them, the kind of data, for how long and for what purposes. 

Regulations like California’s Delete Act are pushing the industry toward this by compelling data brokers to comply with a single consumer request for data deletion. But it is still hard to imagine mass consumer adoption of such a shift, let alone companies accepting it without a fight.

Instead, the future of data privacy will likely be a mix of these three possibilities. Platforms and regulators, especially Apple and Europe, will keep cracking down on tracking. Google will plot a middle path wherein some form of tracking persists while trending toward contextual ad targeting and probabilistic measurement. Advertisers and publishers will keep trying to collect as much data as possible within those parameters.

Winners and losers in the privacy-oriented future

The biggest downside of this future environment is that competition in the digital media industry will suffer. If ad targeting is less effective on the open web, costs will increase for advertisers, and publishers will lose out on ad dollars to the walled gardens. This would in turn lead to ad clutter, paywalls and higher subscription costs for consumers.

That’s also a tough forecast for most ad tech companies, who make their bones helping advertisers and publishers better monetize user attention, generally outside the bounds of the walled gardens.

To evade the worst possible outcomes, ad tech companies, advertisers and publishers will need to make a better case to consumers to exchange their information for valuable and free services. They’ll also need to hold regulators and platforms accountable for their impact on the ad industry that keeps the free and open web afloat. Otherwise, the cookiepocolypse will have earned its name.

“Data-Driven Thinking” is written by members of the media community and contains fresh ideas on the digital revolution in media.

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HPBOSE CLASS 12 Chemistry exam Pattern 

According to the analysis of the model papers available on the HPBOSE website for the Class 12 HP Board Chemistry Examination, the following is the exam pattern;

HPBOSE CLASS 12 Chemistry Marking Scheme

HP Board 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2024

Unit I: Solid State

Classification of Solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties.

Unit II: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of B.P. depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass.

Unit III: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell. Electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells; corrosion.

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction; concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)

Unit V: Surface Chemistry

Adsorption- physisorption and chemisorptions factors affecting adsorption of gases of solids; catalysis : homogenous and heterogeneous activity and selectivity : enzyme catalysis; colloidal state : distinction between true solutions colloids and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic multimolucular, and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsion- types of emulsions.

Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Principles and methods of extraction- concentration, oxidation, reduction, electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminum, copper, zinc and Iron.

Unit VII: p-Block Elements

Group 15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurance oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen- preparation, properties and uses : compounds of nitrogen; preparation, properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only); Phosphorous-allotropic forms : compounds of phosphorous: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCl₃, PCl₅) and oxoacids (elementary idea only)

Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses; simple oxides; Ozone. Suphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphure : preparation, properties and uses of sulphure dioxide: sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only).

Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens : Preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, inter halogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structure only)

Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration. Occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit VIII: d and f-Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation. States, ionic radii, colour catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄.

Lanthanoids- Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and Lanthanoid contraction.

Actinoids- Electronic configuration, oxidation states.

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds

Coordination Compounds – introduction, ligands and coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding; isomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes:

Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes:

Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)

Uses and environment effects of –dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, some important compounds-methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

 Unit XII Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Unit XIII: Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

Animes: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, Physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Cyanides and Isocyanides: Will be mentioned at relevant places in context.

Diazonium Salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Unit XIV: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: Classification, (aldoses and ketoses) monsaccharides, (glucose and fructose),oligosaccharides (sucross, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (sarch, cellulose, glycogen); importance.

Proteins: Elementary idea of α-amino acids: peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structures and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins: enzymes.

Vitamins: Classification and functions

Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA.

Unit XV: Polymers

Classification: natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, Bakelite, rubber.

Unit XVI: Chemistry in Everyday life

1. Chemicals in medicines: analygesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
2. Chemicals in food: preservatives, artificial sweetening agents.
3. Cleansing agents: soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

PRACTICAL SYLLABUS

1. Surface Chemistry

(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol. Lyophilic sol-Starch, egg albumin and gum.

Lyophobic sol-aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsensious sulphide.

(b) Study of the role of emulsifying agent in stabilizing the emulsions of different oils.

2. Chemical Kinetics

(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid.

(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:

(i) Reaction of iodide ion and with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature using different concentration of iodide ions.

(ii) Reaction between potassium iodate, KIO₃ and sodium sulphite: (Na₂ SO₃) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).

3. Thermochemistry

(a) Any one of the following experiments:

(i) Enthalpy of dissolution of copper sulphate or potassium nitrate.

(ii) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCl) and strong base (NaOH)

(iii) Determination of enthalphy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between acetone and chloroform.

4. Electochemistry

Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn²⁺ǁCu²⁺/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes (CuSO₄ or ZnSO₄) at room temperature.

5. Chromatography

 (i) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by pap chromatography and determination of Rf values.

(ii) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing cations only (constituents having wide difference in Rf values to be provided)

6. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

(i) Preparation of double salt of ferrous ammonium sulphate or potash alum.

(ii) Preparation of potassium ferric oxalate.

7. Preparation of Organic Compounds

Preparation of any two of the following compounds

(i) Acetanilide

(ii) Di-benzal acetone

(iii) p-Nitroacetanilide

(iv) Aniline yellow or 2-Napthol aniline dye.

(v) Iodoform

8. Test for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

 Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (primary groups)

1. Study of Carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure form and detection of their presence in given food stuffs.

2. Determination of concentration/molarity of KMnO₄ solution by titrating it against a standard solution of :

(i) Oxalic acid

(ii) Ferrous ammonium sulphate.

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves)

9. Qualitative analysis

• Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt

Cations- Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺,As³⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH⁴⁺

Anions- CO₃^2-, S^2-, SO₃²-, SO₄^2-, NO₂, NO₃, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, PO₄^3-; C₂O_4^2-, CH₃COO^-

(Note Insoluble salts excluded)

PROJECT:

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources.

A Few suggested Projects

Study of presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening. Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.

Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect to curd formation, effect of temperature, etc.

Study of the effect of potassium bisulphate as food preservative under various conditions (temperature, concentration, time etc.)

Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and, effect of PH and temperature on it. Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials; wheat flour, gram flour, Potato juice, carrot juice etc.

Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (anised), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardomam).

Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli powder and pepper.

Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 period of work, can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.