HH0-530 information search - Hitachi Data Systems Certified Specialist Compute Platform Updated: 2023

All pharmacists provide some level of drug information, whether to other clinicians or to patients. In fact, a latest survey found that 96.4% of 491 hospitals have staff pharmacists who routinely answer drug information questions,^[1] and a separate survey of colleges of pharmacy showed that 89% of first professional pharmacy degree programs require at least one didactic course in drug information.^[2] While most pharmacists are equipped with knowledge regarding the practice of drug information, the ever-expanding list of pharmaceuticals, as well as the overwhelming amount of clinical data, makes it difficult for practitioners to stay current with latest developments. This also results in the need for more advanced problem-solving skills in order to answer the more complex questions that challenge practitioners today.

Training in Drug Information Practice

Drug information certified are pharmacists whose primary responsibility is the provision of drug information. As with any specialty, formalized training beyond that received in pharmacy school is not required; however, this focused training does Improve the practitioner's clinical credibility and ability to compete with others for employment opportunities. These two intangible attributes may also be obtained with time and experience.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) provides residency accreditation in drug information. There are currently 31 ASHP-accredited drug information specialty residencies located throughout the United States. These residency programs are housed in community, academic, and industrial settings and offer a variety of learning opportunities. Although there are additional drug information residency programs that are not ASHP accredited, the standards and objectives for such accreditation may be used to describe the clinical skills set of the drug information specialist which go beyond the minimum standards required of all pharmacists.^[3]

Most drug information residency programs provide the resident with 12 months of directed, postgraduate practical experience in the provision of comprehensive drug information. During this 12-month period, the resident is exposed to various aspects of drug information practice that range in scope and complexity, with the ultimate goal of training the resident to become a competent drug information specialist. Many of the competencies required of a drug information resident are specific to executive issues, such as the development and management of a drug information center, but there are many more competencies that construct the foundation of a drug information specialist's clinical practice. Drug information certified must be up-to-date with relevant drug-related literature in order to provide the most current information. They are often tasked as a pharmacy representative to pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committees. Responsibilities may include preparing medication-use policies and procedures, improving a health system's adverse-drug-reaction reporting and medication-use evaluation programs, and creating and distributing newsletters containing pertinent medication-use information. The drug information specialist must have advanced literature search and assessment skills to develop drug monographs. Additional responsibilities often include developing patient safety initiatives, ensuring compliance with Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations's standards, and appropriately utilizing drug-contracting opportunities to decrease drug expenditures. Drug information certified may also work in pharmacy informatics.

Career Opportunities in Drug Information

As previously mentioned, drug information certified work in a variety of settings, each with its own unique scope of practice. Academic drug information centers staffed by drug information certified offer pharmacy students practical experience in utilizing available medical media and developing literature-search strategies. Of 88 colleges of pharmacy surveyed, 20% require a drug information practice experience and 70% offer the experience as an elective.^[2] These centers are often located within colleges of pharmacy or university hospitals. Most offer their services to a limited range of health care professionals, such as those within certain facilities or within the region or state. Others offer their services to community pharmacists and patients. Many health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and group purchasing organizations (GPOs) have contractual relationships with academic drug information centers, which in turn offer their services to the respective members of the organizations. In addition, HMOs, GPOs, and pharmacy benefit management companies (PBMs) have internal drug information departments that assist their members on a grander scale by providing many of the items utilized by P&T committees in making medication-use decisions. Many PBMs also provide consumer-based drug information via the Internet that is prepared by drug information specialists.

Proprietary and generic drug manufacturers are staffed with pharmacists who provide drug information specifically for the drugs manufactured by the respective companies. Although there is some information they cannot legally share and all information received should be critically evaluated, they do maintain a database of clinical studies, both published and unpublished, that provides hard-to-find information. These drug information certified are available to health care professionals and the public and should be contacted if a patient has an unexpected adverse drug reaction. In addition, drug information certified have practical knowledge of clinical trial design and often provide valuable insight as medical writers and in governmental agencies analyzing drug efficacy and safety claims.

An Underutilized Resource

Drug information certified are trained to provide clear, concise, and accurate drug information in a variety of settings. Not only do they provide quality service, but pharmacist-provided drug information, adverse-drug-reaction monitoring, and formulary management have been associated with significant reductions in the total cost of care in hospital settings, as well as reductions in patient deaths.^[4] The presence of a drug information center providing these services in 232 hospitals reduced total cost of care per hospital by $5,226,128.22 (p = 0.003), including a $391,604.94 reduction in drug costs per hospital, and was associated with a total of 10,463 fewer deaths.^[4] Disappointingly, an online survey of health care professionals showed that only 1% of respondents contact a drug information center when the need arises.^[5] Another latest survey found that only 5.9% of 491 hospitals have a staff position dedicated to the provision of drug information and 4.1% have a formal drug information center.^[1] Granted, contacting a drug information specialist may not be the fastest way to obtain drug information in an emergency situation; nonetheless, this underutilization raises several questions.

Today, the Internet provides a plethora of information for both health care professionals and their patients. Many practitioners probably use the Internet when seeking answers to questions. However, at least one study judged significantly more responses obtained from a drug information center as accurate when compared with those received from a Usenet newsgroup (p = 0.001).^[6] Also, there is no quality control for these types of newsgroup services and other similar medical information sources housed on the Internet, and practitioners may be jeopardizing their own credibility when using these resources. Another source of information is facility-housed references, including print and electronic products. Electronic drug information products are becoming increasingly popular. A latest survey showed that 60.4% of 491 hospitals subscribed to some sort of electronic product.^[1] Two interesting surveys on drug information references have been conducted.^[7,8] In one survey, 40.9% of 22 respondents said they were not satisfied with the drug information resources to which their pharmacy currently subscribed.^[7] In another survey, 38% of 71 respondents said they used a drug information reference at least 10 times a day, and another 35.2% used such a reference 3-5 times daily.^[8] This discrepancy shows that practitioners regularly use some sort of drug information reference, even though they are not always satisfied with the information obtained.

With so many pharmacists retrieving information from drug information references, the underutilization of drug information certified as a resource cannot be attributed to a lack in the number of questions that need to be answered. Perhaps practitioners do not know how to find drug information specialists. Industry-based certified can be contacted via the manufacturer's Web site, and the Physicians' Desk Reference provides a listing of contact information for drug manufacturers.^[9] Drug Topics's Red Book contains a list of academic drug information centers, and many colleges of pharmacy provide these services to the pharmacies in their respective states.^[10] It is also worth contacting HMOs or GPOs, where applicable, to learn about the services they provide.

Drug information certified are a valuable resource available to support appropriate drug use and Improve quality of patient care. New practitioners are urged to take advantage of the expertise of drug information specialists, either within or outside of their own institutions.

We live in a time when we are constantly worried about our safety and privacy while searching the internet. Particularly knowing that we have entered our contact and financial information on multiple websites.

What is perhaps most unnerving is learning that our personal information has somehow made its way to a people search site, easily accessed by Google even though we did not choose to supply our information to these services.

People-Search sites make your personal information easy to find

It is estimated that there are over 300 million searches a day for personal names and information, accessed by billions of people-search websites indexed by Google.

Understandably, this makes people very concerned about their privacy and just how much information about them is out there and easily accessed by the internet.

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How does your private information get to these 'people search' sites?

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Data brokers collect, analyze and sell personal information about you for various purposes. Some of the sources that data brokers use to obtain data are:

Public records: These are documents or information that are available to anyone by law, such as census data, voter registration, court records, property deeds, licenses, etc. Data brokers can access these records online or offline and compile them into databases.

Online activity: This includes the websites you visit, the searches you make, the ads you click on, the products you buy, the reviews you write, the social media posts you like or share, etc.

Data brokers can track your online behavior using cookies, web beacons, device identifiers and other technologies. They can also buy data from other websites or platforms that you use or sign up for.

Offline activity: This includes the purchases you make in physical stores, the subscriptions you have, the surveys you fill out, the loyalty programs you join, the events you attend, etc. Data brokers can obtain this data from retailers, marketers, publishers or other sources that have your consent to share your information.

Data brokers use various methods to link data from different sources and create detailed profiles of individuals. They may use personal identifiers such as name, email address, phone number or Social Security number to match data across sources.

MORE: IS YOUR FAVORITE APP SELLING YOUR PRIVATE INFORMATION

How data brokers use your data

Data brokers sell or license their data products to third parties for various purposes, such as:

People search and background check: Data brokers provide data to help individuals or businesses find or verify information about other people. They may also help conduct background checks for employment, dating, renting, etc.

Marketing and advertising: Data brokers provide data to help marketers and advertisers target potential customers based on their interests, preferences, behaviors, demographics, etc. They may also help measure the effectiveness of marketing campaigns and optimize ad delivery.

Risk mitigation and fraud prevention: Data brokers provide data to help businesses verify the identity and creditworthiness of customers or partners. They may also help detect and prevent fraud, identity theft, money laundering, etc.

There are few laws that limit what data they can collect and how they can use it. There are also a few ways for you to control or access your own data. Some data brokers offer opt-out options for you if you do not want your data to be collected or shared.

However, these options are often hard to find or use and may not be effective in removing all traces of data from their databases.

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Ways to protect your personal information

This begs the question, is there a way to protect your personal information or at least control how much of your information is accessible via search engines?

Request your personal information be removed from 'people search' sites

The answer is yes. While it is possible for you to go to each site and manually request your information be removed, you’d be doing this non-stop. Unfortunately, there is no regulation when it comes to these data brokers; just because you remove your data from the web doesn’t mean the data brokers aren’t going to resell it again months from now.

Invest in removal services

Therefore, investing in removal services is a worthwhile option for protecting your privacy and security online. A hacker can't easily use you as a target if they can't find your information on the internet. Data broker sites run by scammers get fed with the personal data a hacker steals from you, including email addresses, Social Security numbers and more. They do this so that they can sell the information to third parties and make a profit.

While no service promises to remove all your data from the internet, subscribing to a good removal service is the most effective way to constantly monitor and automate the process of deleting your information from hundreds of sites continuously. 

Check out the best services for removing yourself from the internet by clicking here 

Use Google's privacy tool to remove your personal information

You can also use Google's privacy tool to remove your personal information from their search engine. Google’s "Results about You" tool was rolled out last year. Google says it has been working hard to make things better since it first launched its software. 

It launched with the intention of allowing users to request the removal of personal information that pops up during Google searches. Personal information can include a phone number, email address, address or even unwanted images. You can request the removal of Google search results that divulge your personal information.

DO THIS IMPORTANT WI-FI CHECK AT LEAST TWICE A YEAR

Use alias email addresses

One other way to safeguard your personal data from being exposed on "people search" sites is to use alias email addresses. An alias email address is an additional email address that can be used to receive emails in the same mailbox as the primary email address. It acts as a forwarding address, directing emails to the primary email address.

In addition to creating throwaway email accounts for online sign-ups and other circumstances where you would not want to disclose your primary email address, alias email addresses are helpful for handling and organizing incoming communications.

Sometimes, it's best to create various email aliases so that you don't have to worry about getting tons of spam mail and having your email eventually stolen in a data breach. An alias email address is a great way for you to stop receiving constant spam mail by simply deleting the email alias address.

See my review of best secure and private email services 

Kurt's key takeaways

"People-search" sites and data brokers pose a serious threat to your privacy and security. They collect, sell and expose your personal information without your consent or knowledge. You can fight back by deleting your data from their databases and using reliable tools and services that safeguard your identity and data.

How do you feel about the way data brokers and "people search" sites collect and use your personal information? Have you ever tried to remove your data from their databases? If so, what was your experience? Let us know by writing us at Cyberguy.com/Contact

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Hitachi Rail part of the development of Copenhagen Metro. What’s next?

Hitachi Rail has been a leading contractor of The Copenhagen Metro for over 20 years since the delivery of the first section of M1 and M2 lines In October 2002. Since then the development of the metro continued with the construction of a circular line around Copenhagen city centre, so called “Cityringen”. The new line of 15.5 km serving 17 underground stations was commissioned on September 29^th, 2019, with the CBTC (*) technology (the most advanced signalling system applied to metro). For this project, the scope of work of Hitachi Rail included the delivery of the power supply (third Rail), permanent way, passenger screens doors, signalling system (CBTC), SCADA, passengers’ information systems and the delivery of the Control and Maintenance Center for the 39 passenger vehicles.

The Copenhagen Metro runs with as little as 93 seconds between the driverless trains in rush hour and has a high reliability of more than 99%. More than 2 million journeys are made every week on The Copenhagen Metro, and in 2022, together with the operator Metro Service A/S, Hitachi Rail has contributed to a high NPS Score of 64 (customer satisfaction).

Following the Cityringen project, the extension of the line to Nordhavn and Sydhavn has been agreed and the first part of the extension to Nordhavn has been operational since March 2020. It is 1.2 km long and serves 2 new stations. The second part of the extension to Nordhavn is in discussion to be contracted in the next few years.

Once the M4 Sydhavn opens in 2024, 73% of the citizens in Copenhagen and Frederiksberg will be living less than 600 meters away from a Metro or a train station. The Metro is one of the most sustainable means of transport that the citizens can choose, second only to the bicycle. This is primarily due to the fact that the Metro is powered by electricity, many people use it every day, and it is designed with a minimum lifespan of 100 years. With its long lifespan, billions of travelers will use the Metro.

The Sydhavn Extension – M4 – Started In 2018.

The Sydhavn extension includes five new underground stations offering the citizens better connections between the city centre and its expanding suburbs.

This extension, and the overall Copenhagen Metro project is managed as a “TURNKEY Project”, which means it is ready to be immediately operational at the end of the construction, and test and commissioning phases. The civil work provided by one contractor, includes all the buildings and tunnel construction. The power supply and the permanent way are managed by a second contractor. The signalling system, passengers screen doors, rescue trolleys, telecommunication system, passengers’ information system and trains are provided and managed by Hitachi Rail as third contractor involved in the turnkey project.

The extensions to Nordhavn and Sydhavn are a continuation of the Cityringen Design.

The Design Phase

The design phase is crucial to integrate the specificities of the project and to agree on the interfaces with the other contractors through ICDD (Interface Control & Definition Document). In a turnkey project, the different contractors have the responsibility to proactively and jointly manage the constructive working methods to solve the interfaces identified.

The client also supervises the interface management process. The interface management process is performed carefully from the early stages of the project to avoid later clashes on site as much as possible. Increasing the number of contractors also increases the number of external interfaces, which may potentially increase design integration conflicts and delays.

The Construction Phase

The construction phase begins once the assessor has approved the design. It is based on access stages between contractors, which requires strong coordination and integration of contractors on site. At this stage, the best way to supply visibility to all the contractors and facilitate the organisation of activities is for the customer to set up an integrated project schedule.
As system contractor, Hitachi Rail intervenes after the construction and power supply contractors, and its progress is highly based on the availabilities of the preconditions from the other contractors.

Therefore, an integrated schedule highlighting the deliveries of the interfaces is important to support and allow flexibilities, and to limit any overall delays, but this also requires transparency from all parties.

The installation works performed on a technological subsystem basis are planned in accordance with access availability. In general, subsystems are installed by area to optimise the use of the allocated resources and specialist supervisors experienced in each technology.

The sequence of the activities prioritises the installation of the critical subsystems, connected to the critical path. Once the installation test of a technology is completed in each area, the project is then handed over to the commissioning team for the subsequent testing and commissioning phases.

Test And Commissioning

The test and commissioning phase starts right after the handover of the Hitachi Rail’s subsystems from the construction team.

The first activity is the SAT (System Acceptance Test) of each subsystem (Automatic Train Control system (ATC), Platform Screen Doors (PSD), Telecommunication Systems (TLC), Security Control Systems (SCS), SCADA and Depot Equipment (DEPOT)), this is to ensure that the equipment arrived in Copenhagen from the factories in perfect condition, and that the installation by Hitachi Rail construction department was performed correctly.

During this phase, the scope of work includes testing the functionality of Hitachi Rail sub-systems standalone. In parallel of those site tests, the ATC software kit is tested in the lab, called V&V test, to simulate the functionalities and to validate it before the testing with trains (Dynamic test) starts on site.

Following the completion of this part, the SSIT phase starts (Subsystem Integration Test), with the testing the integration of the ATC system (IXL, ATS, CBTC) and its Interfaces with the SCADA, Information Control and communication System (ICCS) and TLC. The goal is to validate the functionalities of the overall system as a standalone test, meaning only for the 5 stations of the Sydhavn extension. This phase requires the availability of traction power and passenger vehicles to test the functionalities and the possible operational scenarios. One precondition to this activity is the validation that the gauge of the passenger and service vehicle is free of obstacles. A gauge test is performed to ensure all remaining temporary installations are outside of the gauge of the trains and the final civil works, track, power supply and traction power system installations in tunnels, stations and shafts are fulfilling the requirements.

The final test phase is the SIT (System Integration Test) which is the most complex and critical. Scope of test is to validate the integration of Sydhavn extension system with the lines already in revenue service (Cityringen M3-M4). It requires the closure of the M3 (Cityringen) and M4 (Nordhavn extension) lines for a short period of time, in order to test the integration between each subsystem of M3-M4 and Sydhavn extension (as the completion of M4) and all the operational and emergency scenarios before the start of revenue service with passengers. This is a no regression test, meaning that the hardware configuration will not be reverted after the integration tests, only the software configuration. Once the National Safety Authority authorises the Safety Case, the final Software configuration can be rolled out and the trial run can start. After the successful trial run, the full M3-M4 lines can start revenue services with passengers.

The results of those tests are then integrating the System safety cases, which will be finally approved by the assessor and the National Safety authority to supply the authorization to start the operation.

Operation & Maintenance

The preparations for achieving operator readiness to take over the utilisation of the line has been engineered for a long period of time before the start of the operations. The operator has been involved from the test and commissioning phase in order to become familiar with the new assets, while official and certified training courses are provided from the original manufacturers to the operator. On the Copenhagen Metro project, the operator, alongside the operational and maintenance experts of Hitachi Rail, is reviewing and enhancing the operation and maintenance needs of all the new assets included in the systems. This information is then digitalized, creating an electronic database for tracking works activities, in order to ensure the safety, cleanliness and correct operability of these assets in the future.

In a way to tailor the detailed design of the operation and maintenance to the project needs (in accordance with the original manufacturer) the operator and safety experts are updating the operational procedures and the “rulebook” of the operation and maintenance teams. These procedures and rules are the reference for the training regime, ensuring that the operator is able to react correctly and quickly to the various scenarios (normal, degraded or emergency). These trainings allow the operator to fully-scale the knowledge to the whole company before the trial operations start. During this trial run period, the operator verifies and demonstrates, autonomously, that they have all the knowledge and material to operate the new part of the line safely, reliably and efficiently.

With the successful completion of the trial operations without passengers, the doors of the stations can be opened and the service operation with passengers can start. The operator can then start to ensure the service availability requirements align with the integration of the passenger’s behaviours.

Hitachi Rail has been contracted to supply 30 high-speed ETR1000 trains to Trenitalia.

This deal is valued at 861 million EUR and also includes the option to provide a further 10 trains for an additional 287 million EUR.

The ETR1000 trains are around 200 metres long, have capacity for 460 seated passengers and have a bistro area onboard

© Hitachi Rail

The new trains will be delivered from spring 2026 at a rate of 8-10 trains per year.

They will primarily be used on the Italian high-speed network, but will also be able to run on European networks in countries such as France, Germany, Spain, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium and the Netherlands. This is thanks to onboard technology that allows the units to switch seamlessly between the different power supplies and signalling systems on these lines.

Since 2010, Hitachi Rail has built 58 ETR1000s for Trenitalia, Ferrovie dello Stato Group and has a further six units in the pipeline. With this latest order, the total number of trains produced will increase to 94.

Like the previous trains, these new vehicles will have the iconic red Frecciarossa 1000 livery and will be capable of operating at speeds of up to 350 kilometres per hour.

The use of light alloys for their bodyshells means that these units are light relative to their size and can offer impressive acceleration. This allows the trains to get up to speed quickly to reduce passenger journey times.

In addition to retaining the main characteristics of those already in service, these new units will feature an updated interior.  This will include soundproofing, adjustable LED lighting, ambient air conditioning, onboard monitors, Wi-Fi and power sockets.

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We have a fantastic perm opportunity for an Information Security Lead in Pretoria. This is an on-site position where the successful persons will be responsible for developing and managing Information Systems cyber security, including disaster recovery, database protection and software development. Develop and deliver Information Security standards, best practices, architecture, and systems to ensure information system security.

Knowledge and experience:

• Strong technical background in systems and network security
• Project Management skills (ability to plan, organize, coordinate, and implement)
• Experience in compilation of management reports
• Understanding of, and practical experience of applying the Data Protection Act, the Freedom of Information Act and other related legislation, standards and codes of practice
• Knowledge of information security including ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management Standard

If you have the above knowledge and experience, kindly send through your updated CV and we will be in contact shortly.

Desired Skills:

Learn more/Apply for this position