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https://killexams.com/exam_list/HuaweiKillexams : CBD Gummies: Storage, Safety and More
This article was originally published on Free CBD Relief. To view the original article, click here.
Cannabidiol comes to the marketplace in numerous different forms, and each has its own working mechanism. CBD gummies are one of the most popular forms and these gummies take time to kick in. You will have to consume CBD candies orally, so these products will diffuse in your bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract and other digestive parts. Therefore, cannabidiol gummies take time to start having their effect on users. It typically takes about 90 minutes for CBD gummies effects to come for users. Nevertheless, these candies have an advantage that other cannabidiol forms lack: their effects are longer-lasting. Keep studying to know more about gummies with hemp cannabidiol.
Are Cannabidiol Candies Safe For Children?
Usually, cannabidiol products are risk-free. The products may have certain side effects but generally lack serious repercussions. It is possible to have the best CBD gummies with no concerns about major negative effects. Research has demonstrated that human beings can tolerate high cannabidiol doses. There may not be any probable threats, but it is advisable to consult a doctor if you want to offer a child the product.
Related: What is the best way to shop for high quality CBD?Click hereto learn more.
How Should I Store Cannabidiol Gummies?
Storing a cannabidiol product is potentially easy or difficult according to its form. Cannabidiol crystals and oils have longer shelf lives, and it is easy to store those products. However, the additional flavors and ingredients of CBD candies impact their lifespan. Therefore, we would urge caution in the case of storing cannabidiol gummies.
Put this form of cannabidiol someplace dry and cool. Keep in mind that a spike in room temperature can melt cannabidiol gummies. Therefore, ensure that there is no source of heat fluctuation around the space where you wish to store cannabidiol gummies. Be sure to keep that area free of humidity and dry.
Store the product at a distance from direct natural light, and seal the container properly after consuming it. Air and sunlight can impact the condition of cannabidiol gummies as well as make them less potent and contribute to mold growth.
Do CBD Candies Have Side Effects?
As per research, even high cannabidiol doses are safe. There may be a few side effects, but those are typically minor. The potential effects of cannabidiol that possibly cause inconvenience include nausea, bloating and dry mouth. When you are lactating, experiencing a serious health condition or pregnant, ask your doctor whether it is safe for you to consume cannabidiol gummies.
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Tue, 04 Jan 2022 00:05:00 -0600text/htmlhttps://www.laweekly.com/cbd-gummies-storage-safety-and-more/Killexams : 11 of the best CBD tinctures for 2023
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Is CBD legal?The 2018 Farm Bill removed hemp from the legal definition of marijuana in the Controlled Substances Act. This made some hemp-derived CBD products with less than 0.3% THC federally legal. However, CBD products containing more than 0.3% THC still fall under the legal definition of marijuana, making them federally illegal but legal under some state laws. Be sure to check state laws, especially when traveling. Also, keep in mind that the FDA has not approved nonprescription CBD products, and some products may be inaccurately labeled.
Cannabidiol (CBD) comes in a wide variety of forms, ranging from gummies and capsules to topical creams and balms. However, CBD oils and tinctures are among the most versatile kinds.
A quick look at 11 of the best CBD tinctures
CBD is one of over 100 chemical compounds called cannabinoids found in the Cannabis sativa plant. CBD has become a popular alternative treatment for numerous medical conditions, including epilepsy, chronic pain, and anxiety.
This article explains what a CBD tincture is and how it differs from a CBD oil. It also covers 11 CBD tinctures available online and discusses how consumers can choose a high quality CBD tincture.
People often use the terms CBD oil and CBD tincture interchangeably. However, although these products have similar appearances and uses, they are different.
Despite these differences, most companies within the CBD industry use the terms CBD oil and CBD tincture interchangeably.
Packaging
Both CBD oil and tincture are thick liquids that contain CBD, a naturally occurring compound derived from the C. sativa plant.
Both products come in tinted glass bottles with droppers, allowing people to use CBD sublingually by dropping it under their tongues.
Ingredients
Traditionally, the main difference between CBD oil and tincture has been their composition. CBD oil contains CBD suspended in a carrier oil, such as olive, coconut, or hempseed oil.
CBD tinctures, on the other hand, are typically glycerin- or alcohol-based solutions. To make them, manufacturers soak cannabis in high-proof alcohol, such as ethanol. Then, they either dilute or suspend the resulting CBD extract in carrier oil.
When choosing a CBD tincture, we recommend that people look for products that:
have proof of third-party testing by an ISO/IEC 17025-accredited laboratory
pass tests for pesticides, heavy metals, mold, and microbes
pass product potency evaluations and safety testing
Reputable manufacturers provide certificates of analysis (COAs) for all of their products. A COA is a document that shows that an unbiased laboratory has tested a CBD product. People can find COAs on product websites or by scanning a QR code on the product.
A COA contains the following information:
the content of CBD, THC, and other cannabinoids
the content of terpenes
the results of safety tests for pesticides, heavy metals, microbes, and chemicals
In addition to laboratory test results, people should consider:
CBD potency
price
the reputation of the retailer and manufacturer
customer reviews
All of the products discussed in this article have undergone third-party testing and come highly recommended by previous customers.
Below, we look at 11 of the best CBD tinctures available on the market in detail.
Please note that the writer of this article has not tried these products. All information presented is purely research-based and correct at the time of publication.
Medical News Today follows a strict product selection and vetting process. Learn more.
This high-potency CBD tincture contains 50 mg of CBD per milliliter (mL). The CBD comes from a full-spectrum hemp extract suspended in organic hemp seed and coconut oils.
The dropper has markings at every 0.25 mL for precise dosing. Lazarus Naturals recommends starting with 25–50 mg and slowly increase their dosage as necessary.
The COA on the company’s website shows that this tincture contains a terpene called humulene. According to a 2020 review, humulene has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
In addition to CBD, this tincture contains up to 0.187% THC and other cannabinoids, such as cannabigerol, cannabichromene, and cannabinol.
Reviews
The Lazarus website lists customer reviews for this product. It has an average of 4 out of 5 stars.
Positive reviews state that the product works well. The website does not allow someone to filter to find negative reviews, so these can be difficult to find. However, some negative reviews mention not being sure if the product helps, a mix-up on the discount, and an unpleasant taste.
This product contains 1,000 mg of full-spectrum CBD, and each serving is equivalent to 33 mg.
Other ingredients in this tincture include coconut oil, hemp seed oil, and flavonoids. It also has traces of THC.
Anecdotal reports suggest that this product promotes relaxation and reduces discomfort. However, there is no medical evidence to support these reports.
The company says it uses a carbon dioxide-based method to extract CBD oil from industrial hemp that is not genetically modified.
CBDistillery recommends starting by putting 5–10 mg of the tincture under the tongue and holding the liquid there for 10–20 seconds before swallowing. People can adjust their dosages as necessary.
Reviews
Customers have awarded the product an average of 4.5 out of 5 stars. Positive reviews frequently mention positive customer experience and product effectiveness.
There are limited negative comments, and it is worth noting the company may be able to filter negative reviews. Some negative comments mention an unpleasant taste, lost orders, and that the bottle cap does not fit well.
Leaf Remedys’ product contains broad-spectrum CBD and is available in three strengths: 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg.
Other ingredients include medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil and hemp extract. It also features natural flavors but no food fillers or additives. This product is suitable for people with gluten-free diets.
According to the company’s website, products undergo a subzero extraction method that ensures the removal of unwanted substances.
Some reviewers say that this tincture helped them manage migraine episodes and knee pain.
Reviews
This product has a 5 out of 5-star rating online. Most of the reviews on the company website award the product 4 or 5 stars. These comments frequently mention effectiveness and a good taste. Negative comments state that it did not help with pain, has vague instructions, and difficulty opening the bottle.
Extract Labs has made this tincture with CBD isolate. It contains no THC and no other cannabinoids beyond CBD.
The brand notes that the CBD isolate in this product is flavorless, but the coconut oil gives the product a slight coconut flavor.
Each mL of Extract Labs Daily Support Tincture contains 66 mg of CBD, making it the highest-concentrated product on this list.
Reviews
Extract Labs allows users to add customer reviews about the product. Positive comments mention effectiveness, minimal taste, and good customer service. However, negative reviews mention that the product does not work for everyone.
This CBD tincture features just two ingredients: full-spectrum CBD and MCT oil.
The product has Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) certification from the FDA.
There is 33 mg of CBD in each mL. The dropper comes with clearly marked measurements to help people correctly portion each dose.
Absolute Nature says that each of its products comes with childproof packaging. This can be important for protecting children and pets.
Reviews
Positive comments on the company website mention quick delivery times, the effectiveness of the product, and a pleasant taste. Some negative comments complain about the product’s strong, earthy taste, and that the oil has an unpleasant odor.
This CBD tincture comes in natural and chocolate mint flavors. Many reviewers, but not all, say that they enjoy the taste. Customers report beneficial effects, such as improved sleep quality and a sense of calm.
The brand produces its products in the United States with hemp that is not genetically modified. This tincture contains full-spectrum hemp extract and MCT oil. The chocolate mint flavor also contains natural chocolate flavor and peppermint oil.
The product is available in strengths of 1,500 mg, 3,000 mg, and 6,000 mg. Each comes in a 30-mL bottle with a dropper to help people measure doses.
Reviews
The customer reviews on the cbdMD website supply the product an average of 4.2 out of a possible 5 stars. Positive reviews mention the product is effective and they had a successful experience with customer service. Negative comments mention an unpleasant flavor, the product did not always work to reduce pain, and some customers did not find the oil as effective as CBD gummies.
This tincture is available in a tranquil mint flavor. It is USDA-certified organic and contains just three ingredients: extra virgin olive oil, hemp extract, and peppermint essential oil.
The tincture contains broad-spectrum hemp.
Dosage options include 450, 900, 1,350, or 2,250 mg per bottle. Each bottle contains 1 ounce of the formula.
Reviews
The average customer rating for this product is 4.8 out of 5 stars.
Positive reviews on the company website frequently mention that the product is effective and the customer service team is easy to work with. However, the website does not show any reviews that supply a rating of fewer than 5 stars.
This tincture from CBDFx aims to provide a sense of calm. It is unflavored and contains a blend of calming terpenes. The formula is organic, gluten-free, and suitable for vegans.
It is a full-spectrum product. Strength options include 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 mg.
It also contains 150–300 mg of cannabinol (CBN) per bottle. CBN is a cannabinoid that can make people feel calm.
The company states that its hemp is 100% organic and is made in the U.S.
Reviews
The product has an average customer rating of 4.8 out of 5 stars on the company website. Positive reviews state that the tincture is effective, helps provide a sense of calm, and has a pleasant flavor. Although some of the reviews supply the product 4 stars, there do not appear to be any negative comments on the website.
This tincture from Lord Jones contains only two ingredients: pure grapeseed oil and broad-spectrum hemp extract. It does not contain any artificial flavorings, colorings, or additives.
It is available only in a 1,000-mg dose and comes in a 30-mL bottle. A person receives approximately 20 mg per dose.
Reviews
The company website has only five customer reviews. Three of these rate the product 5 out of 5 stars. These positive reviews mention that the oil is calming and helps them sleep. However, some negative comments mention that it does not appear to have the desired effect and that the smell and taste are strong.
Why it is a top pick: best price for lower budgets
COA: available online, physical copy provided with the product
This tincture is available in mint flavor. It is the best-priced CBD tincture on this list at just over $30.
It contains 1,500 mg of CBD isolate and is THC free. It comes in a 30-mL bottle, and each serving contains 25 mg of CBD. It features coconut-derived carrier oil, natural mint essential oil, and medium-chain triglyceride oil.
Reviews
The company lists its Trustpilot reviews on the product page. Positive reviews claim the product is effective, has a good flavor, and delivery was fast. Negative reviews mention that the product did not work for pain management.
This unflavored tincture contains 1,200 mg of full-spectrum hemp per 30-mL bottle. The company estimates there is 40 mg of CBD per serving.
Dad Grass states that its U.S.-grown hemp is 100% organic. It also says it is completely free from herbicides, pesticides, heavy metals, and other contaminants.
Reviews
On the company website, the product has 17 reviews. Fifteen of these award the product 5 stars and the remaining two award it 4 stars. Positive comments frequently mention product effectiveness, though negative comments mention the high price.
The following table compares the CBD tinctures in this article.
CBD tincture is an easy-to-use and versatile product. People can ingest CBD tincture orally by placing one full dropper of oil under the tongue and holding the oil for about 30–90 seconds before swallowing.
People can also mix a dropper of CBD tincture into a warm or cold beverage. However, if the CBD tincture is oil-based, it will likely not mix well in liquid.
The dosage varies depending on a person’s body weight and the potency of the CBD tincture. People who are new to CBD should start with the lowest possible dosage. Once they know how their body reacts to CBD, they can gradually increase the dosage.
It is important that people follow the directions and dosage information printed on the outside of the bottle.
CBD is one of the hundreds of cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), unique to the cannabis plant.
Several studies suggest that combining CBD, THC, and terpenes is more effective than using CBD or THC alone.
In one 2018 study, researchers compared the antitumor effects of pure THC with a cannabis-derived drug containing CBD, THC, and other cannabinoids and terpenes. The combined effects of the cannabinoids and terpenes produced superior antitumor effects on breast cancer cell cultures and animal models.
In a 2018 meta-analysis of observational clinical studies, researchers found that CBD-rich extracts led to better therapeutic effects and fewer reports of mild and severe side effects than extracts that contained only CBD.
It is also of note that both these studies looked at treatment-resistant epilepsy, which is further proof of CBD’s effectiveness in treating the said condition.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), people generally tolerate CBD well. However, scientists need to conduct more research to fully understand CBD’s role in treating conditions such as epilepsy and MS.
It is also worth noting that CBD may interact with certain medications. People who currently take prescription medications must talk with their doctor before using any CBD products.
According to the FDA, CBD can lead to the following side effects:
More severe side effects of CBD include:
liver damage
interactions with alcohol and other drugs that slow brain activity
fertility problems in males
CBD tinctures may suit individuals who cannot take pills or capsules, as they use the dropper to place drops under their tongue.
They are convenient and may produce quick results. According to the Arthritis Foundation, a person is more likely to experience the effects of sublingual medications within 15–45 minutes.
CBD tinctures contain a high alcohol content that can make them bitter in taste. As a result, some companies add sweeteners, vitamins, or herbal extracts to help mask this effect.
There is a wide selection of high quality, third-party-tested CBD tinctures available on the market. Many retailers listed in this article sell other CBD products, such as oils, gummies, capsules, and topicals.
CBD tinctures and oils are easy to use and versatile. People can use oils and tinctures alone or mixed in a beverage. Gummies and capsules are also for oral use. People can chew CBD gummies while they swallow capsules like a pill.
People may have less flexibility with the dosing when using CBD gummies and capsules. As a result, people may want to look for products containing lower CBD levels per serving.
Topical CBD products include CBD-infused creams, balms, and salves designed for external use only. Companies often market these products as spot treatments for muscle or joint pain. People can also mix CBD oil with carrier oil and apply the mixture to their skin.
It is important to carefully read the manufacturer’s label before using any CBD product. People should use these products only as directed by the manufacturer.
Below, we answer some of the top frequently asked questions about CBD tinctures.
Are CBD products safe for everyone?
CBD products are generally safe, but a person should always seek medical advice before taking them, as they may interact with prescribed or over-the-counter medications.
Some companies also manufacture products for pets, but it is best to ask a veterinarian for advice before giving CBD products to an animal.
How do you use CBD tinctures?
A person should always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
However, many brands recommend adding the servings to food or drinks or placing them under the tongue and waiting for a few seconds before swallowing.
Do CBD tinctures cause side effects?
An older 2014 article notes that CBD is well-tolerated if a person uses up to a 600 mg dose.
However, in a 2017 article, researchers reviewed the effects of CBD in people with epilepsy and psychotic disorders. They found that the most common side effects that the participants experienced were tiredness, diarrhea, and changes in appetite and weight.
Who should not take CBD?
According to the FDA, individuals should not take any CBD products during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Animal tests show detrimental effects on male fetuses, while some chemicals and compounds may transfer to a baby through breast milk. Scientists should carry out further research to establish if the same effects are evident in humans.
What is the most trusted CBD brand?
A person should only purchase CBD products from companies that have third-party lab testing and easily accessible certificates of analysis (COA) for all products.
Third-party lab testing and COAs are two of the best ways to choose a reputable or trustworthy brand. People may also choose to look at third-party review sites such as the Better Business Bureau and Trustpilot to read customer reviews before purchasing a product.
How do I choose a CBD tincture?
Alongside third-party lab testing and COAs, a person may also consider other factors when choosing a CBD tincture.
A person should always check the CBD potency and THC content when purchasing a product. People who prefer using CBD without THC may wish to purchase CBD isolate products.
Additionally, people may wish to consider their budget and whether the company offers a subscription that provides a discount.
Is CBD tincture as effective as CBD oil?
Companies formulate CBD tinctures for ingestion, whereas some forms of CBD oil are suitable for topical use as well as ingestion.
A person who wishes to use CBD topically may prefer to purchase products that are specifically for use on the skin.
CBD tinctures contain alcohol- or carbon dioxide-extracted CBD suspended in a carrier oil, such as olive, coconut, or hemp seed oil.
It is important to note that when buying CBD tincture or any other CBD product, people should only purchase from reputable retailers and manufacturers. Reputable sources provide transparent COAs for all of their products.
CBD is generally safe to use, but it can lead to potentially serious side effects if combined with alcohol and certain medications.
People who currently take prescription medications should consult their doctor before they start using CBD in any form.
Mon, 23 Jan 2023 10:01:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/best-cbd-tinctureKillexams : SCG Ceramics and Huawei Technologies team up for energy storage
published : 8 Feb 2023 at 04:00
SCG Ceramics Plc and Huawei Technologies have teamed up to develop energy storage technology, aiming to serve factory operators that adopt renewable energy.
Entrepreneurs need an energy storage system, or battery, to serve as a back-up power source for electricity produced by intermittent renewable energy sources such as the sun.
SCG Ceramics will jointly develop the technology through its Susunn Smart Solution Co, established to offer consulting and design services as well as distribution and installation of renewable power generation systems for customers.
Under a memorandum of understanding between Susunn and Huawei, the energy storage will be based on an energy monitoring platform from Susunn and energy storage technology from Huawei.
"We expect the energy storage system to support customers who use green energy in the industrial sector," Nampol Malichai, managing director of Susunn Smart Solution Co.
Main customers will be factories, especially those using rooftop solar panels in industrial estates.
The Susunn-Huawei cooperation will pave the way for a business to offer services and maintenance for batteries to ensure safety and high efficiency, he said.
Wu Xianbo (Jason), president of Smart PV and ESS Thailand under Huawei Technologies (Thailand) Co, expects the cooperation to stimulate use of energy storage in Thailand and lead to further development of the technology.
"Huawei aims to offer solar power solutions to our customers and wants to share our technology with Susunn to develop and push forward an energy storage system in Thailand," he said.
Susunn also aims to install solar panels for its customers, especially factory owners in industrial estates. Its target is for 20-30 megawatts in electricity generation capacity for each industrial estate.
In 2022, the company introduced a solar carport, a carpark with electricity generation capacity of 6 kilowatts during peak hours. It can help a company save power costs by 30,000 baht a year and reduce greenhouse gas, amounting to 4,400 kilogrammes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year.
Tue, 07 Feb 2023 14:00:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2501391/scg-ceramics-and-huawei-technologies-team-up-for-energy-storageKillexams : How to Start a CBD Business
Cannabidiol (CBD), a compound found in hemp and cannabis plants, is becoming increasingly popular as a dietary supplement.
The CBD industry is projected to hit $20 billion in sales by 2024.
Hemp and hemp CBD are federally legal following the signing of the 2018 Farm Bill.
The industry still faces challenges in advertising, banking and insurance.
Still relatively new to the mainstream, cannabidiol, more commonly known as CBD, is becoming a household name. The purported therapeutic and health benefits of CBD, one of many compounds found in cannabis and hemp plants, has created a buzz. CBD oil has entered the marketplace in the form of tinctures, infused edibles, topicals and more. The growth of CBD oil products has been so immense, in fact, that industry analyst BDS Analytics predicts the U.S. CBD market will reach $20 billion in sales by 2024.
The potential of the CBD industry has prompted many people to explore how they can launch a CBD business. The industry is not without its challenges, though, especially surrounding the evolving legal landscape, but the opportunity is significant.
If you’re considering getting involved in the CBD industry, you first need to understand more about cannabinoids and the products that utilize them.
What is CBD?
CBD is one of more than 100 cannabinoids, which are compounds found throughout the cannabis and hemp plants. The most famous cannabinoid is undoubtedly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is responsible for the intoxication associated with the consumption of cannabis. CBD, however, does not produce an intoxicating effect; instead, it offers potential therapeutic and health benefits, though research into its potential medical applications is ongoing.
CBD products are generally created in several steps. First, the raw material needs to be cultivated and harvested. For example, if you plan on using industrial hemp to create your CBD products, you will either need to cultivate or purchase a large amount of the plant. From there, CBD oil is extracted from the plant using a variety of methods. Again, you can do this yourself or outsource the process to an extraction company. Once you have extracted the CBD oil, it can be sold as a concentrate or used to infuse a variety of products. Some of the most common CBD products on the market today include sublingual tinctures, infused edibles and topicals, like gels or creams.
Hemp CBD vs. cannabis CBD
CBD is found in both cannabis and hemp plants. CBD oil can be extracted from either plant and used to create CBD oil products. However, there is a key difference between hemp CBD oil and CBD products derived from cannabis: THC.
Industrial hemp contains less than 0.3% THC, and as such, it is considered legal under federal law to cultivate, harvest and process into finished products. Cannabis, on the other hand, contains more than 0.3% THC (often much higher levels) and remains federally illegal.
Hemp and cannabis are closely related; in fact, industrial hemp is actually Cannabis sativa L. The difference in name is mostly a function of a legal definition, which sets the threshold for THC content. The flowers of a hemp plant contain little to no THC, while the flowers of a cannabis plant (commonly referred to as marijuana) contain much higher levels of THC.
The federal government considers marijuana a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, making it illegal for interstate commerce, even as dozens of states legalize it for adult use. Industrial hemp, on the other hand, was recently removed from the Controlled Substances Act altogether, opening the way for its cultivation and harvest in the U.S. for the first time since 1937.
Did you know? The key difference between hemp CBD oil and CBD products derived from cannabis is THC.
Full-spectrum CBD vs. CBD isolate
If you’ve done any research into the CBD market already, you’ve likely encountered the terms “full-spectrum” or “isolate.” Depending on the extraction methods used, the CBD oil obtained from the plant might contain other cannabinoids and compounds found in the source plant. This is what is known as full-spectrum CBD. Full-spectrum CBD not only contains other cannabinoids found in the source material, but compounds known as terpenes, which are responsible for creating the flavor profile, aroma and specific effects of the plant.
CBD isolate, as the name suggests, is a concentrate that only contains CBD and no other cannabinoids or terpenes. While the purity of CBD isolate might sound desirable, there is some evidence to suggest that full-spectrum CBD promotes an “entourage effect;” that is, the compounds in a full-spectrum hemp extract work together to promote more significant effects. The entourage effect is still under investigation by researchers studying CBD and other cannabinoids.
The CBD industry is projected to grow immensely
Industry analyst BDS Analytics predicts the U.S. CBD market will reach $20 billion in sales by 2024. This would be a major surge from $1.9 billion in 2018 (a 49% annual growth rate).
Needless to say, society is growing more open-minded and accepting of CBD. Many individuals are turning to it for pain relief, stress management, better sleep, and more; and many gas stations, restaurants, and local CVS stores now sell it.
Some trends the CBD market might experience in 2020 are increased potency of products, more brick-and-mortar CBD shops, more pharmaceutical CBD products, and more access to products online through CBD websites and e-commerce shops. In fact, CBD online sales currently account for 60% of the sales channels.
The CBD industry is introducing new products all the time. If you’re looking to start a CBD business, you will have a wide range of product types to consider selling. Here are the most popular types of CBD on the market right now:
Sublingual tinctures: A sublingual tincture is CBD oil that generally comes in a small bottle with a dropper. Sublingual products are ingested by placing them under your tongue and allowing the oil to absorb.
CBD edibles: CBD edibles are a rapidly growing sector of the industry, including baked goods, candies and foods. CBD edibles have faced significant regulatory scrutiny from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but remain as commonly found products.
Vape concentrates: Vaporizer concentrates, such as CBD oils and waxes, are another common product. These can be used with an electronic device to vaporize and inhale the CBD product.
CBD topicals: CBD topicals include gels, creams and sprays for aches and pains. These products are placed directly on the skin to target a localized region of the body.
Capsules and pills: Many patients who experience seizures or digestive issues take CBD capsules or pills to treat their conditions.
Additionally, CBD isn’t just for humans. Animals also experience calming effects when given small doses, and many businesses offer CBD products for pets, like dogs or cats.
How to start a CBD business
There are countless unique opportunities for new businesses to sell CBD. Starting a CBD business includes all the hard work and effort of launching any other company in addition to the uncertainty of a shifting regulatory landscape (and all the issues that accompany it). However, in a fledgling industry projected to undergo explosive growth, the heavy lifting today might be well worth it tomorrow.
Cory Slovik, owner of Core Roots CBD, started his company after experiencing firsthand what he said were the healing properties of the cannabinoid.
“I used to be a pro snowboarder … and I was always sore, my muscles were constantly in agonizing pain. I tried CBD, and it helped me tremendously,” said Slovik. “Then, years later, cannabis … started coming to the forefront, and there was research and data backing up everything I felt on the mountain.”
Slovik soon launched Core Roots CBD, seeing a business opportunity and a way to help other people treat their pain. He said starting a CBD company is like any other business, plus a bunch of added steps.
“It’s like any other business; there are steps and procedures you need to go through like getting insurance and writing a business plan,” Slovik said. “But in this space, you have got to double- and triple-check everything, know your market and jump through regulatory hoops.”
[If you’re looking for more details on how to start a business and all the steps you need to take, see our step-by-step guide to get started.]
Understand your legal obligations
Just because the 2018 Farm Bill federally legalized industrial hemp and, by extension, hemp extract, like CBD oils, doesn’t mean there aren’t significant regulatory considerations surrounding the industrial hemp industry.
The 2018 Farm Bill essentially removed CBD from the federal Controlled Substances Act and the oversight of the Drug Enforcement Agency. Instead, it placed governance of the hemp industry and CBD oil in the hands of the FDA.
Currently, the FDA is still devising regulations, leaving the CBD industry in a sort of gray area. So far, the federal agency has signaled that marketing CBD as having health benefits will not be tolerated. It has also initiated a crackdown against CBD-infused foods and beverages in some instances.
Further complicating the regulatory landscape is the 2017 approval of the CBD-based pharmaceutical Epidolex, an epilepsy medication that was approved by the FDA. Since CBD is a main ingredient in an FDA-approved drug, using it in food products without FDA approval could be illegal. Clearer guidance is sorely needed for CBD businesses to operate in compliance with federal regulations.
“I think the FDA does have to step in, and they will,” said Slovik. “I expect a lot of changes to labels; we’re seeing a lot of businesses out there now using the term ‘hemp extract’ instead of CBD, or they’re not thinking of health benefits so much. Many companies are doing different things, but no one really knows [what the regulations will be] until it happens.”
Understanding your legal obligations and playing it safe is key in a highly scrutinized industry. While CBD businesses everywhere await clearer regulatory guidance, it is important not to craft your marketing strategy around the supposed benefits of CBD. It’s also important to stay apprised of new developments as the FDA moves forward on crafting new regulations.
Market and sell your products
Marketing and selling CBD products is tricky. While the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill liberalized the industry a little bit (CVS and Walgreen’s now carry CBD products, for example), it is still difficult to sell CBD products on major online platforms like Amazon or eBay. Likewise, social media advertising is virtually nonexistent; paid ads for CBD products risk account suspensions or bans. All your growth must be driven through organic content that falls under the guidelines of each platform.
“In today’s day and age, if someone is looking to sell a product, the normal avenues are Amazon, eBay, Alibaba or paid ads on social media,” Slovik said. “In this industry, it’s way, way, way different. You can’t do any of those things.”
To successfully advertise and sell your CBD products, you will have to be creative. Establishing your own e-commerce store or carrying your products in a brick-and-mortar location is a must. Marketing your product with an organic search strategy and customer loyalty programs is always safer than engaging in paid advertising. And, of course, every market is a bit different, so do your research and understand your local and state laws.
How to gain a competitive advantage
The key to gaining a competitive advantage with staying power in the CBD industry is to develop a high-quality product that will withstand the coming scrutiny of both regulators and educated consumers. If you want to differentiate yourself from other CBD businesses, it’s key to provide third-party lab testing results to validate the quality of your product, Slovik said.
“We want to be more transparent by putting QR codes on all our bottles so anyone in the store can use their phone to get lab results right then and there,” Slovik said.
In addition, Slovik said pursuing certifications like USDA organic, Good Manufacturing Practices and FDA facility registrations are important moves to instill confidence in consumers about the quality of the product they are buying.
Overall, Slovik said, the formula for success is simple, even if the process is complicated.
“I would recommend double-, triple-checking everything. Know there will be changes. Research as much as you can, and recognize what the future opportunities are by thinking outside the box,” he said.
Tip: If you want to differentiate yourself from other CBD businesses, it’s key to provide third-party lab testing results to validate the quality of your product.
Key challenges facing CBD businesses
The CBD and cannabis industry faces unique challenges that other industries don’t. Most of these challenges relate to the regulatory environment and, as federal agencies like the FDA detail specific rules and guidelines, things should stabilize. For now, though, if you want to start a CBD business, you should be aware of these major considerations:
Banking: Access to reliable banking services can be complicated due to the fluctuating regulatory landscape. Many banks are hesitant to do business with CBD and cannabis companies, fearing significant risk or burdensome oversight. Frequently, CBD businesses are forced to switch banks or experience the abrupt closure of a merchant account, which can seriously disrupt operations.
Insurance: Finding affordable insurance for a CBD business is another major challenge. Prices remain elevated despite the legalization of industrial hemp, Slovik said, as the industry takes time to catch up to the developments. Education remains a key obstacle.
Payment processing: Similarly, payment processors present high fees and other challenges to CBD businesses. Slovik said Visa recently cut off all CBD businesses, leaving him capable of only accepting MasterCard and Discover for payments.
Access to capital: Banks and other lenders are reluctant to fund CBD companies, viewing the industry as too risky without clear regulatory requirements. So far, the CBD industry has relied on bootstrapping, outside investors or alternative lenders to find the growth capital it needs.
Each of these challenges will likely be cleared up as more concrete regulation appears, but in the meantime, CBD businesses must remain adaptable and well-informed. Changes in the industry come on a day-to-day basis, so preparing backup plans ahead of time could save you a great deal of time and money should the worst come to pass.
CBD is a huge business opportunity, if it’s approached correctly
The growth opportunity in the CBD industry is unparalleled. The cannabis industry is one of the fastest growing in the nation, and CBD is one of the quickest growing sectors of that industry. Especially following the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill, hemp CBD products are proliferating at a fast rate. If you want to start a CBD business, you’re not alone.
“This industry has been more or less illegal for the past century,” said Slovik. “At this point, there’s major, major momentum. Many people are trying to break in, so don’t follow the herd. You want to be a leader.”
A combination of due diligence and creativity will set your business up for success in the CBD industry. Now is the time to get in on the ground floor and build a company that will last, but differentiate yourself with a quality product that stands out from the crowd.
Additional reporting by Sammi Caramela. Source interviews were conducted for a previous version of this article.
Sun, 22 Jan 2023 10:00:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.businessnewsdaily.com/15052-how-to-start-a-cbd-business.htmlKillexams : Hemp gummies vs. CBD gummies: What to look for and how to buy
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Hemp and cannabidiol (CBD) gummies are candies that may promote sleep, calm, and pain relief.
A quick look at the best hemp and CBD gummies
This article discusses hemp and CBD gummies, including the types, potential health benefits and risks, and where to buy them.
Is CBD legal? Hemp-derived CBD products with less than 0.3% THC are legal federally but still illegal under some state laws. Cannabis-derived CBD products, on the other hand, are illegal federally but legal under some state laws. Check local legislation, especially when traveling. Also, keep in mind that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved nonprescription CBD products, which may be inaccurately labeled.
CBD gummies may contain some THC, but less than 0.3% to comply with FDA regulations. Different products contain different amounts of CBD. Edibles, including gummies, may take around 30–60 minutes to start working.
Hemp gummies, on the other hand, contain no CBD or THC. They come from hemp seed oil and may contain essential fatty acids, vitamins, and trace minerals in the hemp plant.
Hemp and CBD gummies come from the same plant. However, their different chemistry profiles result in different effects.
CBD is available in various forms. A person might find eating gummies a tastier, easier, and more convenient way to take CBD than swallowing a tincture or capsule. They might be preferable while traveling, for instance.
CBD may help promote relaxation and sleep while reducing anxiety and pain. A 2019 study found that most of the 72 participants experienced improvements in anxiety levels and sleep within the first month of taking CBD. Anyone interested in trying CBD should consult a doctor first.
Keeping hemp or CBD gummies separate from other candies and supplements is crucial, especially if children are in the house.
Below, we explore some considerations for people interested in hemp or CBD gummies.
Below are the pros and cons of CBD gummies.
Please note that the writer of this article has not tried these products. All information presented is purely research-based and was correct at the time of publication.
Medical News Today follows a strict product selection and vetting process. Learn more here.
CBD dose: 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 milligrams (mg) per bottle
Main ingredients: hemp extract, organic cane sugar, natural flavors and colors
These broad-spectrum gummies contain no THC. The manufacturers use hemp grown in the United States, and each batch undergoes third-party lab testing.
cbdMD recommends taking one to two gummies per day for 30 days. A person who requires more can gradually increase their consumption.
Bottles of 30 gummies are available in 1,500 and 3,000 mg strengths. The bottle of 60 gummies comes in a strength of 6,000 mg.
The company offers customers a subscribe and save option with a discount of 25% and free shipping. The fourth order is also free.
Reviews on the company website are mostly positive. Customers say that the gummies reduce pain with no unpleasant side effects. Additionally, they help provide a restful night’s sleep and have a pleasant taste.
However, other customers state that they did not find these gummies effective for pain relief. Others say they found other forms of CBD better for their pain, such as creams. One customer explains that they had problems with delivery and their package never arrived.
Main ingredients: hemp extract, tapioca syrup, MCT oil, natural flavors, and colors
This full-spectrum product contains organic hemp extract to help people feel calm. The company also claims they can help regulate sleep cycles and Boost recovery from exercise.
Each serving of two gummies contains 15 mg of CBD. The gummies do not contain additives or dyes.
The company makes this product hemp in the U.S. using CO2 extraction.
The company offers customers the option to subscribe and save 20% on future orders.
Customer reviews on the company website are mostly positive. Buyers say they helped them feel calm and fall asleep quickly.
However, other customers state that the gummies have an unpleasant texture.
Main ingredients: hemp extract, cannabidiol (CBD), organic turbinado sugar, organic tapioca syrup, natural flavors and colors
These full-spectrum gummies contain 20 mg of hemp extract and 10 mg of CBD per gummy. This low CBD dose may make them suitable for beginners.
The manufacturers claim that these gummies are helpful for people’s general well-being due to the presence of fatty acids that the brain and body use to produce endocannabinoids (ECS). ECS regulates and controls critical body functions such as learning, memory, pain control, and inflammatory and immune responses.
These gummies contain no artificial sweeteners and are suitable for vegans. Additionally, they are third-party tested and are gluten and GMO-free.
The company offers customers a subscribe and save 25% on future orders.
Reviews on the +PlusCBD website are mostly positive. Customers state that the gummies have a nice taste and are effective for anxiety and irritability and for promoting a calm, restful sleep.
However, some customers state that gummies received recently had a bitter medicinal taste and smell. Additionally, some customers say that the gummies provided no benefit and found them too expensive.
Main ingredients: organic broad spectrum hemp distillate CBD, organic cane sugar, organic tapioca syrup, natural colors and flavors
These broad-spectrum gummies are available in 10- and 25-mg doses and come in strawberry lemonade and green apple flavor. The strawberry lemonade flavor comes in both strengths, while the green apple is only available in 10 mg.
The company uses organic ingredients, and these gummies hold USDA Organic certification.
These gummies do not contain THC, which may be suitable for people new to CBD and who regularly take blood or urine tests.
Joy Organics also offers customers a subscribe and save option, offering 20% off on future orders.
There are many positive reviews for this product online. Customers state that the product is good for managing stress and joint and muscle pain and promoting restful sleep. There are no negative reviews for this product available online.
Main ingredients: organic hemp flower extract, cannabidiol (CBD), organic blue agave, organic tapioca syrup, natural flavors and colors
Cornbread Hemp’s Organic CBD Gummies are available in peach and berry flavors and contain full-spectrum hemp-derived CBD and up to 2 mg of THC. They are also vegan and gluten-free.
The company states that this product gives people natural support for exercise recovery and may help people manage everyday stress due to its ratio of hemp-derived cannabinoids and THC.
Cornbread Hemp offers a subscribe and save option for 25% off every order.
Customer reviews on the Cornbread Hemp website are mostly positive. Customers state that the gummies have been effective in easing arthritis and fibromyalgia pain and have promoted restful sleep. Additionally, some customers write the gummies helped to ease symptoms of anxiety.
However, other customers say they did not notice any difference in their pain after taking the gummies. Other people report that the gummies had an unpleasant taste.
Main ingredients: broad-spectrum CBD, corn syrup, sugar, natural colors and flavors
Zatural broad-spectrum CBD gummies are vegan and available in bottles of 30, 60, and 90 gummies.
It claims that the product helps ease discomfort, promotes relaxation, and improves mood and sleep.
The company states that this product contains broad-spectrum CBD oil from organic hemp. It uses CO2 extraction to maintain purity.
Zatural offers customers a subscribe and save option of 15% on their first and 20% on subsequent orders.
Customer reviews on Zatural’s website are mostly positive. They state that the gummies are effective for pain relief and a good night’s sleep. They also say the customer service team was helpful.
However, other customers say that the gummies taste bitter, and they prefer more discreet packaging.
The table below compares each brand of gummies in this article for price, dose, and more.
Before making a purchase, a person may wish to consider a product’s:
CBD content: There is no standard dosage of CBD. People should start with a low dose and work up to get their desired effect. If they experience side effects, they should stop taking CBD and speak with a doctor.
COA: A certificate from a third party can verify that gummies contain what the company advertises and no pesticides or harmful contaminants. COAs should be publicly available.
The type of CBD:
Isolate products only contain CBD.
Broad-spectrum products also contain other hemp compounds but no THC.
Full-spectrum products contain the compounds in broad-spectrum products, plus some THC.
Organic: Organic gummies are free from potentially harmful pesticides.
Sweeteners and other ingredients: Some gummies contain organic sugar cane, tapioca, or fresh fruit flavorings, while others have artificial ingredients.
It is important to purchase any supplement from a reputable company. In addition to COAs, a person might consider a company’s rating on TrustPilot or the Better Business Bureau‘s website. It is also worth considering refund and return policies.
Many gummies available online contain hemp-derived CBD. According to the 2018 Farm Bill, products from plants that meet the legal definition of hemp are legal in most states.
Research links CBD to positive effects on pain, nausea, and some chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, most research focuses on dosages higher than those available over the counter or online.
People should receive medical advice before using CBD products if they:
are taking any other medications
are pregnant or nursing
have an underlying health condition
A person should speak with a doctor before trying CBD to Boost the symptoms of a health condition. There may be other treatments with more established scientific research into their safety and benefits.
If a person experiences side effects from CBD, they should stop using it and contact a doctor.
Below are answers to the top frequently asked questions about hemp and CBD gummies.
Are hemp gummies the same as CBD gummies?
No. Hemp gummies come from hemp seed oil and do not contain CBD or THC. They may not help with pain, sleep, or anxiety.
Manufacturers extract CBD from the flowers of the hemp plant, and CBD may have various health benefits. These gummies are more likely to contain THC.
Can a hemp gummy get you high?
No. Hemp gummies do not contain THC, the compound in cannabis that produces the “high” feeling associated with the plant.
How many CBD gummies should I eat?
Most companies recommend people eat 1–2 gummies a day. However, a person should always follow the dosage instructions on the product packaging. Those new to CBD should start with a low dosage and build up until they get their desired effect. However, people should not exceed the recommended dosage.
CBD gummies could help with anxiety, stress, and pain. The FDA has not approved them for therapeutic use, but some evidence points to these health benefits.
CBD gummies can contain small amounts of THC, while hemp gummies contain none.
Anyone taking medication, pregnant or nursing, or with an underlying health condition should speak with a healthcare professional before trying any CBD product.
Tue, 24 Jan 2023 10:00:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hemp-gummies-vs-cbd-gummies-what-to-knowKillexams : Best cloud storage in 2022
Choosing the best cloud storage service for your specific needs can be difficult, especially if you don’t know what to look for. That’s why this guide will explain exactly what cloud storage is and why you might want to store your files in the cloud in the first place.
Most of the top platforms in the cloud storage industry provide a range of free, personal, premium and business plans which gives you a great deal of options to choose from. By opting for a cloud storage and backup provider, you can save yourself a lot of hassle if your files happen to be lost or deleted accidentally.
While there are some great free cloud storage plans out there, we’ll be focusing on premium packages including the best cloud storage for business. Even if you’re not a business owner, premium plans provide individuals with loads of great features and tools including file syncing and secure cloud systems.
The best cloud storage deals, right now
Why you can trust Tom's Guide Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best for you. Find out more about how we test.
The best cloud storage services today
(Image credit: IDrive)
An excellent all-around choice
Specifications
Storage capacity:Up to 10TB (up to 50TB for business plans)
Number of devices:Unlimited
Encryption:End-to-end
Reasons to buy
+
Compatible with almost any device or OS
+
Unlimited user and device plans available
+
Very easy to use
+
Affordably-priced
Reasons to avoid
-
Unlimited storage isn’t available
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Slow download speeds
IDrive takes first in our list of the best cloud storage providers, and for good reason. It offers great value-for-money, provides highly secure cloud storage solutions, and has an option for every user.
The basic free-forever plan only supports 5GB of storage, but this should be enough for you to test it. Personal plans that support one user and unlimited devices cost $59.62 a year ($79.50 on renewal) for 5TB or $74.62 a year ($99.50 on renewal) for 10TB of storage. IDrive is also currently offering 10TB for a hugely discounted price of $3.98 for the first year(opens in new tab) — one of the most affordable high-capacity plans available, though you need to prove you're using a competitor as part of the signup.
All plans can be used on various desktop and mobile operating systems, including Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, and iOS. You can set up continuous data backup if required, and it’s even possible to create a copy of external hard drives and NAS (network-attached storage) devices.
We found that files can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection, and file sharing is extremely easy. All plans come with the innovative IDrive Express feature, which enables you to back up files and data to a physical storage device, which is then mailed to your chosen address. This is available once per year with the Personal plans.
*All prices are based on undiscounted rates of the cheapest available annual plan. Monthly plans are only available via Business packags with 1.25TB or more, starting at $49.95 a month. **Entry-level Team and Business plans shown: plans go up to 100TB and 100 users / 50TB and 50 users. ***IDrive isoffering 10TB storage at a hugely discounted $3.98 for the first year(opens in new tab)
(Image credit: Google Drive)
An all-in-one solution powered by Google Workspace
Specifications
Storage capacity:Up to 2TB
Number of devices:Unlimited
Encryption:Encrypted transfer
Reasons to buy
+
15GB of free storage
+
Android, Chromebook, and Workspace integration
+
Fully featured cloud sync that’s simple to use
+
Very easy to work with
Reasons to avoid
-
The web interface can be a little complicated
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No end-to-end encryption
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Security could be tighter
Google’s cloud storage walks hand in hand with Android and Google Workspace. If these platforms are already a part of your workflow, Google Drive offers a feature-rich, affordable native backup-and-sync solution.
While not as barebones as some of the other options listed, we found Google Drive’s UI to be clean and intuitive. It is worth remembering, however, that it's more than cloud storage. It comes with companion apps including Google Photos(opens in new tab), Docs, Sheets, and Slides—together known as Google Workspace—meaning you can create, edit, store, view, and synchronize files via this unified, web-based interface.
When you open a new account, Google offers you free storage of up to 15GB on Google Drive. This plan is yours to keep forever, and if you wish to upgrade to a higher storage plan down the road, you can do so. The paid plans, offered under the banner of Google One(opens in new tab), start at $1.99 a month for 100GB. From there, you can upgrade storage to a maximum of 30TB for $299.99 a month.
The web interface, while very attractive, isn’t the easiest to use. This problem is easily solved however by downloading the Google Drive desktop application for Windows and macOS. This file explorer-based drag-and-drop system is not dissimilar to Microsoft OneDrive, which lets you back up, store, modify, and delete files directly from your desktop.
Dropbox is a fantastic choice for personal cloud storage. Plans are affordable, the user interface is impressive, and it integrates well with many third-party platforms.
It is a leader in file sharing, with several features helping to make it easy to share large files with others, whether they use Dropbox or not. However, one limitation we found is that you can’t back up external or network drives — Dropbox only stores what you transfer to the Dropbox folder on your device. This isn’t a major issue, but differentiates it from competitors like IDrive.
Security is impressive without being exceptional, with all files are encrypted at rest and in transit, though there is no end-to-end encryption. Accounts can also be secured with two-factor authentication (2FA).
It has a free plan with 2GB of storage, as well as two other personal plans(opens in new tab). Of these, the Plus Plan is $9.99 a month for 2TB of storage, and enables you to send files up to 2GB per transfer. The Family Plan has the same storage and transfer capabilities, but for six individual users, for $16.99 a month. Despite its limitations, we think you could do much worse than Dropbox for cloud storage.
A popular cloud backup platform with an excellent reputation
Specifications
Storage capacity:Up to 50TB
Number of devices:Unlimited
Encryption:End-to-end
Reasons to buy
+
Streamlined platform with minimal system impact
+
Attractive, intuitive user interface
+
Smart file search across hybrid storage
Reasons to avoid
-
No live backup options
-
Pricier than competitors
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Clunky and frustrating mobile apps
Zoolz offers high-quality cloud storage backed by the Amazon Web Services(opens in new tab) (AWS) ecosystem. It boasts excellent security, including full 256-bit AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption, and compliance with various legislative frameworks including HIPPA (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) and GDPR(opens in new tab) (the General Data Protection Regulation).
A fully-functional free trial is available with 50GB, enabling you to try the service before committing. Prices range(opens in new tab) from $14.99 a month for 1TB of storage to $674.99 a month for 50TB. Significant discounts are available with annual payments.
All business plans support unlimited users, unlimited server backups, and unlimited external drive connections. Users also have access to excellent 24/7 live support and a comprehensive help center.
The Zoolz desktop interface is neat and easy to navigate, and there are also mobile apps available for managing files on the go. Unfortunately, we found these are clunky and frustrating to use, while upload and download speeds can be slow, which could be an issue if frequently working with larger files.
Microsoft OneDrive is the ultimate cloud storage solution for Windows 10/11 and Microsoft 365 users, and is also available for users of macOS, Android, and iOS. It's also available for Xbox, making it possible to store precious game save files safely in the cloud.
The platform balances high-capacity storage with functional user interfaces, powerful integrations with the entire Microsoft 365 suite, and a robust security framework. Once you’re set up, it will perform as described with no further effort or stress on your part.
We found the service to be very well integrated into Windows. In essence, it enables you take away any file or folder on your desktop and access it on a variety of other devices. It also offers the ability to share files and folders with users who don’t have OneDrive.
You can also edit files directly on the cloud, without the need to download them every time. From Outlook to AutoCAD, OneDrive is compatible with a variety of different other services, both internal and third-party. Security-wise, it offers the Personal Vault feature, which lets you lock away essential files safely via 2FA and Bitlocker encryption.
If you're a Microsoft 365 subscriber, you have up to 1TB free via OneDrive. Even if you aren’t, you can test it with a forever-free capacity of 5GB. You can always expand storage later via its personal plans(opens in new tab), with 100GB for just $1.99 a month.
pCloud is one of the only cloud storage providers offering a lifetime subscription(opens in new tab), providing you with 500GB for a one-time payment of $175, or 2TB for $350. Alternatively, annual plans(opens in new tab) are available for $47.88 and $95.88 respectively.
Monthly payment options are also available, and there’s a fully-functional free plan with 10GB. You can also choose a family plan(opens in new tab), which supports up to four users. All plans come with advanced collaboration and file-sharing features, and you can even back up files from a series of third-party platforms.
Additionally, we were impressed to find that all files are protected by TLS/SSL (Transport Layer Security/Secure Sockets Layer) security, with 256-bit AES encryption. Powerful Android and iOS apps are available for mobile management, and there are tools to help you set up automatic social media uploads should you require this.
Android, iOS, Windows, Linux, and Mac operating systems are supported, and there are also browser extensions for Opera, Chrome, and Firefox. On the flipside, it lacks competitors' collaboration tools, an in-built document editor, and a smoother interface.
Google Drive provides leading integrations with Google Workspace as well as slick mobile and desktop apps, while Dropbox continues to be one of the best cloud storage solutions(opens in new tab) thanks to ease-of-use and third-party app integrations.
Microsoft OneDrive provides integration with Microsoft 365, as well as premium plans for individuals, families, and businesses. Zoolz' high-quality cloud storage boasts excellent security, a great free trial, and 24/7 support. Finally, pCloud competes with industry giants via a lifetime subscription across family and business plans, secure file-sharing, and widespread app support across platforms.
Want to learn more about cloud storage? We’ve covered all levels of questions in our frequently-asked questions below. Knowledge is power, and having as much information as possible before you sign up to the best cloud storage services will ensure you make the right choice for your needs.
What is cloud storage?
Cloud storagestores data on a physical drive, and makes it accessible online for users via software from any internet-connected device, whenever and wherever a user wants to access them: hence the term "cloud". Some users utilize multiple cloud services in what is called a multi-cloud service(opens in new tab).
Self-hosted cloud storage works by using on-premises (on-prem) infrastructure to provide storage, rather than managed, remotely-based servers. You need to manage these types of services yourself.
Storage as a service (StaaS) uses externally managed, third-party infrastructure and data centers, and offers large, affordable amounts of online storage(opens in new tab). Designed for collaboration, they can also be described as storage and syncing platforms.
Hybrid cloud storage(opens in new tab) combines cloud and local storage (or public and private storage(opens in new tab)) together to supply you the benefits of both types. This is aimed more at businesses than individuals.
Cloud sync technology encompasses link sharing and file versioning, and is offered by many StaaS providers, allowing larger businesses to undertake inter-colleague collaboration, file sharing, and much more.
How much does the best cloud storage cost?
Unlike most tech and software markets, cloud storage providers often offer excellent free plans as well as paid plans. Free plans are ideal for those seeking relatively small amounts of storage, but feature storage capacity limitations, and don’t include the same high level of tools and features as paid plans.
Paid plans are available in monthly, annual, and even lifetime models, ranging from around $50 a year (this price depends entirely on factors including storage levels and additional features). Monthly plans can be as low as a few dollars a month, and in general pricing depends entirely on what plan you want, what tools and security coverage you seek, and the encryption on offer.
When it comes to enterprises, cloud storage security(opens in new tab) is crucial, particularly in data and privacy-sensitive sectors, and so investing in secure cloud storage that offers state-of-the-art policies is non-negotiable. End-to-end encryption and zero-knowledge architecture mean services are almost hack-proof, and that not even a provider's staff can access your data.
In-transit and at-rest encryption mean that even in the unlikely event of a cybercriminal intercepting data, it would be indecipherable. The very best providers not only protect data, but infrastructure housing it. StaaS data centers have 24/7 security guards, biometric authorization for entry, and frequent security auditing.
Data center locations are also key for most businesses, as different countries have different data privacy laws. You'll need to make sure data is stored in a nation that complies with your data privacy obligations.
The best cloud storage for business: what you need to know
Identifying the best cloud storage for business(opens in new tab) means looking for highly stable, secure systems that protect data at all times. End-to-end encryption and zero-knowledge architecture are particularly important, but also look for StaaS products, as they offer advanced cloud sync and collaborative features for seamless digital workflows, increased employee cooperation and productivity.
Powerful administrative features provided, such as access management, system auditing, 2FA, and roles-based permissions, are also worth keeping an eye out for, particularly for medium- and large-sized organizations.
What you need to know about free cloud storage
If you've got less complex storage requirements, or have a tight budget, most providers offer free plans. While less feature-rich, with smaller storage allowances and other limitations, free cloud storage can be more than sufficient for personal needs. You can store important documents and images, but should you want more capacity, you'll have pay to upgrade. However, the advantage is that you can try out different platforms for free before you do.
How we review the best cloud storage
When we review cloud storage providers, we test upload and download times for files, as these speeds are integral to performance and usage. We also look at how each provider's security stacks up, how responsive customer service teams are when there's a problem, at pricing, and at any additional features offered.
Our comprehensive reviews also make a point of comparing each cloud storage service to competitors, across key features and pricing, so you can benefit from as much information as possible before you make your choice.
Take a look at some of our other reviews of leading platforms, including:
Ready to purchase cloud storage? Make sure you check out ourtop cloud storage dealsto get cloud storage space for less.
Next steps with cloud storage
Make sure to follow a cloud storage(opens in new tab) checklist when looking for a provider, and consider the most important factors when selecting an online storage(opens in new tab) service, as well as these tips for data backup and recovery(opens in new tab). If you're unsure about the differences between cloud storage, cloud backup, and cloud sync(opens in new tab),it's worth doing your research first.
Tue, 07 Feb 2023 05:24:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.tomsguide.com/buying-guide/best-cloud-storageKillexams : Best cloud storage (February 2023)
Editor's note: February 2023
Microsoft unveiled a new tier for its popular Microsoft 365 subscription earlier this year. Called Basic(opens in new tab), it offers an even more affordable entry to cloud storage at $19.99 per year. You only get 100GB cloud storage but that should be enough for many users. More importantly, it matches Google's 100GB offer although in the latter case, you can share that amount with up to five other users. You can't do that with Microsoft 365 Basic. For that reason alone, we'd be reluctant to recommend it unless you plan to go alone.
Désiré Athow, Managing Editor, TechRadar Pro
Finding the best cloud storage service can be a challenge, with all kinds of factors to consider from pricing to capacity, security and reliability just to name a few.
As individuals, we produced and manipulate hundreds of GB worth of content. A TechRadar Pro cloud storage survey(opens in new tab) commissioned in March 2022 found that nearly 5% of respondents stored more than 1TB of data online. More worrying was that a third of those polled didn't know how much data they had stored online.
Whether you're a cloud storage newbie or a seasoned veteran, we will point you in the right direction by explaining what cloud storage is, how cloud storage benefits you and how to choose your perfect provider.
If you're just looking for the top providers, we've ranked them based on capacity, price, security, ease of use and more, and you can read our conclusions just a short scroll down the page.
Why you can trust TechRadar Our expert reviewers spend hours testing and comparing products and services so you can choose the best for you. Find out more about how we test.
Which is the best cloud storage service?
If you're searching for the best cloud storage service, overall - then look no further than IDrive. It boasts an easy setup process, unlimited devices per account, and a paid version costing only $3.98 for 10TB for the first year. And it tops our lists for Best free cloud storage, Best cloud backup, and Best cloud storage for photos, too.
PCloud is another service vying for the title of best cloud storage provider, thanks to features like its built-in players, powerful file sharing tools and great value lifetime plans.
Sync only does file syncing, as you'll guess from the name, but it does this very well and it's really easy to use. Backblaze is a comprehensive backup tool which offers unlimited storage, and right now you can get one Backblaze year for free when purchased with ExpressVPN. And if you're looking for simplicity, IceDrive gives you easy access to your cloud files for a very low starting price.
Best all-rounder thanks to its stack of features, top security and rock bottom prices
Specifications
Free tier:5GB
Storage size:5-10TB
Number of devices:Unlimited
Reasons to buy
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No annoying device limits, connect as many as you need
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Excellent security
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Highly configurable
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Easy to use
Reasons to avoid
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No unlimited storage option
IDrive tops our best cloud storage charts with its appealing mix of easy-to-use desktop and mobile apps, excellent backup features, strong security and great value.
Signing up gets you from 10TB (personal) to 50TB (business) , but pure storage is just the start. Sync support keeps files up-to-date across all your hardware, and excellent backup features enable protecting everything from individual files and folders to full SQL, Exchange, SharePoint and other servers. We found this was very easy to use, and our tests revealed iDrive's performance was a close match to Google Drive and the other top contenders.
The service is strong on the security fundamentals, with end-to-end encryption and two-factor authentication to protect you from attack. But it also excels at extras, such as an option to transfer your data to iDrive on a physical device, ideal if you've a slow internet connection and 50TB to protect. IDrive sends you the drive, pays return postage (in the US), but it's still free once a year for personal users (three times for business plans.)
The free tier gives you a decent 10GB storage, more than enough to try the apps and get a look at what iDrive has to offer. And if you like what you see, right now there's a spectacular deal offering 10TB storage for only $3.98 for the first year, little more than $0.01 a day.
(Image credit: Internxt)
Strong on security with some pleasing privacy touches
Specifications
Free tier:10GB
Storage:20GB-20TB/ user
Number of devices:Unlimited
Reasons to buy
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Advanced security features
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Reliable customer support
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Easy-to-use interface
Reasons to avoid
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Limited collaboration features
Internxt is a security-focused cloud storage provider who applies multiple technologies to ensure your data stays safe. End-to-end encryption shields your data from snoopers; the service stores files in chunks spread around its networks, protecting it from hardware failures; a virus scanner checks your files for malware, it even checks your account for weak passwords.
Paid plans start at just €0.99 a month for 20GB, a low total but also not much storage. Fortunately you get 2TB for a reasonable €9.99 per month, and the business plans offer up to 20TB for €190 per month (to cover two users.)
We found Intrnxt's well-designed web view and apps did a good job of helping us find and manage files. Windows Explorer and Mac Finder integration made uploading as simple as a drag and drop. Sync support keeps files up-to-date across all your devices, and you can share files with others via custom links.
Internxt can't quite match the advanced features you'll find with OneDrive or Dropbox, and it has one or two small unexpected hassles. Although there's a free 10GB plan, for instance, to get it all you must install a mobile app, sign up for the newsletter and invite four friends. Still, Internxt's security-first approach and quality apps supply it a lot of appeal, and if that's what you're after, it more than deserves a place on your shortlist.
(Image credit: pCloud)
Best for value if you’re happy to pay a one-off fee
Specifications
Free tier:10GB
Storage size:500GB-2TB
Number of devices:5
Reasons to buy
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Great value lifetime plans
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Desktop, mobile and web apps
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Play media files without downloading
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Business plan restores versions up to 180 days old
Swiss-based pCloud stands out from the cloud storage crowd for its hugely advanced file sharing features. If regular download links aren't enough, you can create special download pages with custom messages, build slideshows of shared images, even stream audio or video files directly from your storage space.
There's no monthly pricing, but annual plans are fair value at $49.99 for 500GB, $99.99 for 2TB. Even better, pCloud's lifetime plans supply you 500GB forever for a one-off $199, 2TB for $399, or 10TB for $1190. There's a 10GB free plan, too, though beware: like Internxt, you must sign up friends, install the app and more to get the full amount.
We found the service very easy to set up and use. sample folders and files helped us immediately try out its powerful file management and sharing features. We had no issues connecting our account to Facebook, Instagram and other social media accounts, and backing up their content. The desktop app adds a Dropbox-like virtual drive to your file manager, simplifying operations, but Internxt's mobile app can make life even easier by (optionally) automatically uploading pictures and videos direct from your phone.
There's a lot to like here, but we also noticed one or two issues. The desktop interface is a little dated, not quite as slick as some of the competition. 2TB isn't a lot of storage by today's standards, either, and iDrive's Personal plans can supply you up to 20TB for only a little more.
(Image credit: Sync.com)
Best for out-of-the-box security
Specifications
Free tier:5GB
Storage size:1TB-6TB
Number of devices:Unlimited
Reasons to buy
+
Easy to use
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Excellent speeds
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Microsoft 365 support
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Comprehensive file sharing tools
Reasons to avoid
-
Single folder sync
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Above average prices
Sync.com may not have the range of features you'll see elsewhere, but (as the name suggests) it excels at simple file syncing, delivering an easy-to-use, speedy and secure service that works for personal and individual users.
There's still plenty of power here. Sophisticated file sharing allows creating read-only, password-protected or expiring links, set download limits and more. Sync.com's versioning supports restoring files from at least the last 180 days (most providers stop at 30.) The mobile apps can automatically sync photos and videos as you take them, while two-factor authentication and end-to-end encryption keep your account and data safe.
We found Sync.com's apps and web interface slick and easy to use, and performance was a real highlight, with both upload and download speeds amongst the best we've seen.
Sync.com particularly impressed us with its team-friendly features, including the ability to add comments to file sharing links, share folders with groups of people, open and edit Office documents direct from your Sync space (if you've Office 365) and manage all your users from a central console.
Prices start higher than most, with a 2TB personal plan costing $96 a year. But demanding team users can get unlimited storage for only $360 per user per year (minimum two users), just $15 a month. There's a 5GB free plan to try it out, and you can expand this to 27GB by carrying out various tasks (some as simple as creating a folder.)
(Image credit: Backblaze)
Best for backups, and a year for free with our exclusive deal
Specifications
Free tier:None
Storage size:Unlimited
Number of devices:1 (Personal Plan)
Reasons to buy
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No storage or file size limits
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Free for a year when purchased with ExpressVPN
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Easy to use
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Can send you up to 8TB of data on a hard drive
Reasons to avoid
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No features beyond backups
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Each account covers a single PC or Mac device only
Backblaze is a high-powered cloud backup service which provides unlimited storage with no file size limits for a very fair price.
Install the Backblaze desktop app (there's no backup for mobile devices, unfortunately) and it immediately scans for important files, and begins uploading them. You're able to take manual control, if you like, but we found it simpler to let Backblaze handle everything automatically.
The initial transfer of data to the web can take a long time, but our tests found impressive upload speeds kept delays to a minimum. And on the download front, if you need your data in a hurry, Backblaze will ship up to 8TB to your door on a USB drive.
The focus on backups means there's no file syncing, no clever collaboration tools, and only the simplest of file sharing options. You can only protect one computer per account, too, and network drives aren't supported.
If you're just looking for an ultra-simple high capacity backup service, though, Backblaze is a must-see. Prices start at a good value $7 billed monthly, $5.83 on the annual plan.
If you also need a VPN to protect yourself online, you can alternatively get Backblaze completely free for a year when you sign up to our #1 favorite, ExpressVPN (and you get three extra months of ExpressVPN protection, too.)
Low starting prices with great-value lifetime options
Reasons to avoid
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Short on collaboration features
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3GB/ day bandwidth limit on the free plan
UK-based IceDrive has only been in the cloud storage business for a very few years, but its groundbreaking file management features more than justify its place in our 'Best...' list.
Windows users can browse their storage space from Explorer, for example, moving, renaming, opening and even editing files, just like working on a local drive. Install the Windows, Mac and Linux app and you can also preview documents and stream media files without having to download them first.
The clean and easy-to-navigate browser interface is so simple that even newbies will figure it out in moments. The desktop and mobile apps have similar functionality, but we found inconsistencies in design and layout made them a little more awkward to use.
Security is a highlight, with IceDrive encrypting data on your device before it's transferred, and its zero-knowledge approach ensuring only you can decrypt and view your data. It's good to see IceDrive protect your account with two-factor authentication, too, although we were slightly annoyed to see SMS support is only available to premium customers.
A 10GB free plan gives you an easy way to get started, although with some restrictions (no client-side encryption, a 3GB/ day bandwidth limit.) If you need more, annual plans range from $1.67 a month for 150GB, $4.17 for 1TB and $15 for 5TB. IceDrive even offers lifetime plans, including 150GB for a one-off $99, and 10TB for $999.
(Image credit: NordLocker)
Best combination of security and ease of use
Specifications
Free tier:3GB
Storage capacity:150GB-5TB
Number of devices:Unlimited
Reasons to buy
+
Good on the security front
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Slick and user-friendly app
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Trusted big-name provider
Reasons to avoid
-
Only 3GB storage with the free plan
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Few features
Wondering which cloud storage providers you can trust? Choosing a company with a strong track in privacy is a good place to start, and NordLocker is hard to beat: it comes from the people behind NordVPN, one of the best and most successful VPNs around.
We've reviewed more than 20 cloud storage platforms recently, and NordLocker is one of the easiest to use. The desktop apps enable uploading, downloading and managing your files with little more than a drag and drop. The mobile apps are a little more basic, just a browser which redirects to NordLocker's browser portal, but they're also easy to use.
The service scores well on the fundamentals. We found NordLocker's leading-edge encryption extremely quick, upload times were reasonable, and the addition of multi-factor authentication protects your account from attackers.
Prices for the personal plans seem low at $2.99 a month (billed annually) for 500GB, $6.99 for 2TB, but beware: they leap to $4.99 and $14.99 on renewal. Fortunately, a free plan gives you 3GB storage to play with. That’s a little disappointing when you often get 5-10GB elsewhere, sometimes more, but it's still enough to see how NordLocker works for you.
(Image credit: Microsoft)
Best for hurry Windows 10/ 11 and Office users
Specifications
Free tier:5GB
Storage capacity:100GB-6TB
Number of devices:Up to 30
Reasons to buy
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Especially easy to use from Windows
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At least 1TB included with Microsoft 365
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Edit Office documents without downloading them
Reasons to avoid
-
No zero-knowledge encryption
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Only 5GB free storage
Microsoft OneDrive doesn't have the features of some of the cloud storage competition, but its Windows and Microsoft 365 integration, XBox support, and extreme ease of use, make this a great solution for anyone committed to the Microsoft world.
OneDrive comes built into Windows 10/ 11, for instance, so there's nothing to install. It shows up in Explorer, and you can drag and drop files to sync them to the cloud and your other devices. Microsoft 365 support includes auto-saving to the cloud, and collaboration options include the ability to work on documents simultaneously with others, or share them via OneDrive-generated links.
Microsoft hasn't forgotten other platforms, but we found they delivered mixed results on the usability front. The web interface covers the basics, for instance, but doesn't have the simplicity or style of Google Drive or Dropbox. The Mac client is more straightforward, though we found some conflicts with iCloud. The elegant and intuitive mobile apps are the real highlight, though, with strong photo and video syncing tools and solid security.
OneDrive's free plan offers only 5GB, half the allowance you'll get with some providers. You can pay $19.99 a year to upgrade, but that still only gets you 100GB. Microsoft 365 users get the best value, with Outlook, Word, Excel and PowerPoint, and 1TB of OneDrive storage from as little as $70 a year.
(Image credit: Google)
Best for those who are using Google Workspace
Specifications
Free tier:15GB
Storage capacity:200GB-2TB
Number of devices:Unlimited
Reasons to buy
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Included with Android and free Google accounts
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Generous free storage allowance
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Integrated online office suite
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Speedy and simple to use
Reasons to avoid
-
Ties you into Google's ecosystem
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No end-to-end encryption
Google Drive's Android and Google Workspace integration make it an ideal cloud storage platform for Google fans, but a generous 15GB free tier, and a host of desktop, mobile and Drive-supporting third-party apps, ensure it also has plenty of all-round appeal.
The service more than delivers on the cloud storage essentials, with versioning support, offline access, syncing, file sharing and more. But there's much more here. Business users will love the Google Sheets, Docs and Slides integration, for instance, where you can create, edit and share cloud files with others, without ever downloading anything.
Whatever platform you choose, we found Google Drive to be intuitive and easy to use. The Android and iOS apps are a close match for the browser view, ensuring smooth operations even when you're regularly switching devices. We've been a little disappointed by previous versions of the desktop apps, but the latest edition is just as easy to operate as the rest of the Drive family.
Drive doesn't have end-to-end encryption, which means that, in theory, Google could see your files. And if you're not a Google fan, tying yourself so tightly into the company's ecosystem may not appeal. But for everyone else, it offers a slick and powerful free service, and plenty of benefits if you upgrade. The $99.99 upgrade to Google One doesn't just get you 2TB of storage, but also includes 10% off Google Store purchases, access to Google experts, and even an Android and iOS VPN.
How we tested the best cloud storage providers?
When we test a cloud storage provider, we look at the upload and download speeds of file transfers but this is a minor component of the overall rating as there are scores of other factors that affect your download or upload speeds that cannot be easily mitigated (contention rate, time of day, server load etc).
The other thing you’ll probably want to consider is cost. While the capital expenditure for cloud storage is usually very low (or nonexistent), the operational expenditure can add up when you factor in additional storage requirements and premium features. Be sure to check your cloud contract carefully to ensure you don’t receive an unexpectedly large bill.
Credentials around services and security standards are also key. Look for a cloud storage provider that can boast the certifications that promise an SLA you can rely on - and safeguards that protect your data. In addition, make sure your storage provider offers the scalability you need should you grow - and a flexible pricing model to accompany it.
Last but certainly not least is the level of support that a cloud storage service will provide to its customers, whether it's 24x7 over the phone or web-based only. Our reviews include all this and more details including usability, and platform compatibility, and compare each cloud storage service to similar rivals, across key features and pricing, so you can make an informed decision based on as much data as possible when it comes to the time when you will choose the best cloud storage provider for you.
Cloud storage is a remote virtual space, usually in a data center, which you can access to save or retrieve files.
It’s important to know a cloud storage service can be trusted with your files, so most providers go to a lot of trouble to make sure they’re safe. They’ll upload and download files via a secure encrypted connection, for instance. Maximum security data centers ensure no unauthorized person gets access to their servers, and even if someone did break in, leading-edge encryption prevents an attacker viewing your data.
There are dozens of services which are powered by some form of cloud storage. You might see them described as online backup, cloud backup, online drives, file hosting and more, but essentially they’re still cloud storage with custom apps or web consoles to add some extra features.
You won’t have to look far to find your nearest cloud storage service, though, because there’s a very good chance you have access to one already. Facebook and Twitter provide free cloud storage when they allow users to store photos and videos on their servers, for instance, while even the most basic free Google account gets you 15GB of cloud storage space via the Google Drive app.
How to choose the best cloud storage service?
Finding your perfect cloud storage solution starts by thinking about your needs. What are you hoping the service will do?
If your goal is to protect all your data from harm, then look for a service with solid backup tools and the ability to access your files from anywhere.
If you'd like to share a group of files - photos, say - across multiple devices, then you'll need quick and easy syncing abilities.
If you're more interested in sharing individual files or folders with others, look for a platform which supports password-protected or time-limited links, anything that helps you stay more secure. Businesses will benefit from collaboration tools, too, allowing users to work on files together, add comments and more.
Pay attention to the figures. Most cloud storage keeps previous versions of your files for up to 30 days, for instance, but that's not always the case. If your provider says it supports 'versioning', that's good, but check the details, see how it really compares to the competition.
You'll want to consider a provider's cost and capacity, too, but be careful. Don't simply opt for a high-capacity plan just because it seeks better value: think about whether you really need that much space. And when it comes to price, browse the small print, look out for hidden charges or fees which jump on renewal, make sure you know exactly what you're getting.
What to consider when choosing cloud storage services
Given the number of cloud storage providers on the market today - from tech giants like Google to smaller, more niche players - choosing the solution that’s right for you isn’t easy. One of the first things you’ll probably want to consider is cost. While the capital expenditure for cloud storage is usually very low (or nonexistent), the operational expenditure can add up when you factor in additional storage requirements and premium features. Be sure to check your cloud contract carefully to ensure you don’t receive an unexpectedly large bill.
Credentials around service and security standards are also key. Look for a cloud storage provider that can boast the certifications that promise an SLA you can rely on - and safeguards that protect your data. In addition, make sure your storage provider offers the scalability you need should you grow - and a flexible pricing model to accompany it. Perhaps the best thing to do when choosing a cloud storage provider is simply to shop around. There’s bound to be a solution that suits your needs - but don’t simply go with the first cloud provider you find.
Free vs Paid cloud storage: what you need to know
If your backup budget is low (or non-existent) then opting for free cloud storage might appeal, but is it the right choice for you?
Capacities are often very low (NordLocker's free plan has just 3GB), which is likely to rule out free plans for any heavy-duty tasks. Some free options may have other limits, or leave out important features from the paid plans. IceDrive's 10GB plan looks generous, for instance, but you can only use 3GB bandwidth a day, and there's no client-side encryption.
These may not be deal-breaking issues, at least if your needs are simple, and you can do better with a little work. Signing up with one provider doesn't mean you can't use another, for instance: set up IDrive for one task, Google and OneDrive for a couple of others, and suddenly you've 30GB to play with.
Free plans aren't only useful for bargain-hunters, though. However much you've got to spend, the real advantage of a free plan is it gives you time to try out different platforms before you commit.
Cloud storage jargon buster
Baffled by cloud-storage techno-speak? We've got the key terms you need to know.
AES-256: one of the strongest encryption algorithms around, AES-256 is often used to protect cloud storage and ensure no-one else can access your data.
At-rest encryption: encrypts your data while stored on a device, protecting it from snoopers. See In-transit encryption.
Cloud: servers that are accessed over the internet, along with the software, databases, computing resources and services they offer.
Continuous data backup: a clever technology which automates backups by looking out for new and changed files, and uploading them as soon as they appear.
Data center: one or more physical facilities which house networked computers and the resources necessary to run, access and manage them: storage systems, routers, firewalls and more.
Egress: the transfer of data from a network to an external location, such as downloading a file from a cloud storage account. (See Ingress.)
End-to-end encryption: a method of communicating data which ensures no-one but the sender and receiver can read or modify it. In cloud storage terms, it means your files can't be intercepted and accessed by anyone, even your provider.
Ingress: the transfer of data into a network, such as uploading a file to a cloud storage account. (See Egress.)
In-transit encryption: encrypts your data before transmission to another computer, and decrypts it at the destination. Even if an attacker can intercept your communications, they won't be able to read your files. (See At-rest encryption.)
Private cloud: a cloud computing environment which offers services to a single business only. A business might use its own private cloud storage to ensure no other company gets to handle its data, for instance, improving security. (See Public cloud.)
Private encryption key: a method of encryption which means only you can access your encrypted files. This guarantees your security, but is also a little risky, because if you forget your password, the provider can't help you recover it, and your data is effectively lost.
Public cloud: a network of computers which offers cloud services to the public via the internet. Google, Microsoft and Amazon are examples of public cloud providers. (See Private cloud.)
S3: A fast flexible cloud storage type invented by Amazon and used by major companies like Netflix, reddit, Ancestry and more.
Sync: the process of keeping a set of files up-to-date across two or more devices. Edit a file on one of your devices, for instance, and a cloud storage service which supports syncing will quickly upload the new version to all the others.
Two-factor authentication: a technology which requires you to enter an extra piece of information (beyond just a username and password) when logging into a web account: a pin sent by email or SMS, a fingerprint, a response to an authenticator app. It's an extra login hassle, but also makes it much more difficult for anyone to hack your account. Sometimes called 2FA or two-step authentication.
Versioning: the ability to keep multiple versions of a file in your cloud storage area. Accidentally delete something important in a document last Tuesday, and even if you've updated the file several times, you may still be able to recover the previous version.
Zero-knowledge encryption: a guarantee that no-one else, not even your cloud provider, has the password necessary to protect your data. That's great for security, but beware: if you forget your password, the provider can't remind you, and your files will be locked away forever.
If you want to learn more about cloud storage
Wed, 15 Feb 2023 17:37:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.techradar.com/best/best-cloud-storageKillexams : How to Create a Business Succession Plan
For many small business owners, maintaining positive cash flow and a stable balance sheet can be an ongoing battle that consumes virtually all of their time. Even retirement often seems like a distant speck on the horizon, let alone plans to hand over the business. However, establishing a sound business succession plan is beneficial for most business owners and can be absolutely necessary for some.
For business owners that are at or near retirement, the issue of succession cannot be ignored. In this article, we will take you through the steps you'll want to take to create a successful succession plan.
Picking a Successor Isn't Easy
Many factors determine whether a succession plan is necessary, and sometimes the logical and easy choice will be to sell the business lock, stock, and barrel simply. However, many owners prefer the thought of their businesses continuing on even after they're gone.
Choosing a successor can be as easy as appointing a family member or assistant to take the owner's place. However, there may be several partners or family members from which the owner will have to choose — each with a number of strengths and weaknesses to be considered. In this case, a lasting resentment by those who were not chosen may happen, regardless of what choice is ultimately made. Partners who do not need or want a successor may simply sell their portion of the business to the other partners of the business in a buy-sell agreement.
How Much Is the Business Worth?
When business owners decide to cash-out (or if death makes the decision for them), a set dollar value for the business needs to be determined, or at least the exiting share of it. This can be done either through an appraisal by a certified public accountant (CPA) or by an arbitrary agreement between all partners involved. If the portion of the company consists solely of shares of publicly-traded stock, then the valuation of the owner's interest will be determined by the stock's current market value.
Life Insurance: The Standard Transfer Vehicle
Once a set dollar value has been determined, life insurance is purchased on all partners in the business. In the event that a partner passes on before ending his relationship with their partners, the death benefit proceeds will then be used to buy out the deceased partner's share of the business and distribute it equally among the remaining partners.
There are two basic arrangements used for this. They are known as "cross-purchase agreements" and "entity-purchase agreements." While both ultimately serve the same purpose, they are used in different situations.
Cross-Purchase Agreements
These agreements are structured so that each partner buys and owns a policy on each of the other partners in the business. Each partner functions as both owner and beneficiary on the same policy, with each other partner being the insured. Therefore, when one partner dies, the face value of each policy on the deceased partner is paid out to the remaining partners, who will then use the policy proceeds to buy the deceased partner's share of the business at a previously agreed-upon price.
As an example, imagine that there are three partners who each own equal shares of a business worth $3 million, so each partner's share is valued at $1 million. The partners want to ensure that the business is passed on smoothly if one of them dies, so they enter into a cross-purchase agreement. The agreement requires that each partner take out a $500,000 policy on each of the other two partners. This way, when one of the partners dies, the other two partners will each be paid $500,000, which they must use to buy out the deceased partner's share of the business.
Entity-Purchase Agreements
The obvious limitation here is that, for a business with a large number of partners (five to ten partners or more), it becomes impractical for each partner to maintain separate policies on each of the others. There can also be substantial inequity between partners in terms of underwriting and, as a result, the cost of each policy.
There can even be problems when there are only two partners. Let's say one partner is 35 years old, and the other is 60 years old — there will be a huge disparity between the respective costs of the policies. In this instance, an entity-purchase agreement is often used instead.
The entity-purchase arrangement is much less complicated. In this type of agreement, the business itself purchases a single policy on each partner and becomes both the policy owner and beneficiary. Upon the death of any partner or owner, the business will use the policy proceeds to purchase the deceased person's share of the business accordingly. The cost of each policy is generally deductible for the business, and the business also "eats" all costs and underwrites the equity between partners.
3 Reasons to Have a Business Succession Plan
Creating and implementing a sound succession plan will provide several benefits to owners and partners:
It ensures an agreeable price for a partner's share of the business and eliminates the need for valuation upon death because the insured agreed to the price beforehand.
The policy benefits will be immediately available to pay for the deceased's share of the business, with no liquidity or time constraints. This effectively prevents the possibility of an external takeover due to cash flow problems or the need to sell the business or other assets to cover the cost of the deceased's interest.
A succession plan can greatly help in establishing a timely settlement of the deceased's estate.
The Bottom Line
Proper business succession planning requires careful preparation. Business owners seeking a smooth and equitable transition of their interests should seek a competent, experienced advisor to assist them in this business decision.
Wed, 01 Feb 2023 08:12:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/07/succession_planning.aspKillexams : What You Need to Know to Pass the CFA ExamNo result found, try new keyword!The chartered financial analyst title is a coveted designation for financial advisors, but passing the CFA test isn't an easy task. Less than half of those who take the test pass the first level.Tue, 16 Mar 2021 07:17:00 -0500text/htmlhttps://money.usnews.com/financial-advisors/articles/what-you-need-to-know-to-pass-the-cfa-examKillexams : Mathematics Graduate Program Information
Program-Specific Degree Requirements
Master's Programs: M.A. and M.S. Plan A and Plan B
The math department maintains 4 tracks by which students may obtain a Master of Arts (M.A.) or Master of Science (M.S.) degree in mathematics.
The following requirements are common to all four tracks:
The student must maintain a 3.0 cumulative GPA.
The student must complete 30 hours of formal mathematics coursework at the 5000 level.
As part of the 30 hours of formal 5000-level mathematics courses, the student must complete the following courses with a grade of B or better:
o MATH 5200: Real Variables I,
o MATH 5230: Complex Variables I,
o MATH 5310: Computational Methods I
o MATH 5400: Methods of Applied Mathematics I,
o MATH 5500: Advanced Linear Algebra, and
o MATH 5550: Abstract Algebra I.
The student must pass the department’s Foundation Exam. This test covers material from advanced vector calculus and linear algebra at the upper-division undergraduate level and is offered before the beginning of each semester.
Take one hour of the seminar 4970: Professional Development in Mathematics and one hour of the seminar 4970: Professional Development in Teaching.
In addition to the common elements above, students must select and complete one of the capstone experiences described in the tracks below.
Track #1: Master's Thesis (Plan A)
Within the 30 hours of 5000-level courses, the Plan A student must complete 4 hours of MATH 5960: Thesis Research. At least 26 hours of 5000-level coursework must be math-content courses (not thesis research).
The student must prepare a master’s thesis (Plan A) and supply an oral defense of the thesis. In the mathematics program, a Plan A thesis reports on the result(s) of independent and original research completed by the student under the direction of a faculty member. The thesis should describe the research and its results and be written to the standards of the appropriate area of mathematics.
Track #2: Master's Paper (Plan B)
The student must prepare a master’s paper (Plan B) and supply an oral defense.
To write a Plan B paper, the student must present an expository paper on a designated mathematical subject. Students are guided by their advisor in the subject matter and in the preparation of the paper. A successful paper and defense demonstrates that the student has mastered a substantial mathematical subject that is beyond those covered in formal foundational coursework.
Track #3: Coursework/Project (Plan B)
A second M.A. or M.S. option exists for the Plan B student. In lieu of writing a paper, the student takes a sequence of three 5000-level courses that all address a common mathematical theme. The sequence must be approved by the student’s advisor and the mathematics graduate committee. Two of the courses must be mathematics-department offerings, and the third may be either a mathematics course (including reading/topics courses) or a course from another department in a related field.
The student must complete an additional 6 hours of courses at the 5000 level. Thus, Track #3 requires the completion of 36 hours of graduate-level coursework.
Within the 36 hours, the student must propose and complete with a grade of B or better an appropriate 3-course sequence
The student will write a short paper illustrating how the common mathematical theme of the sequence manifests itself in the content of each course and supply a presentation/defense of the paper.
In approving the student’s proposal for this option, the graduate committee and the advisor will consider how the writing and independent study spirit of the Plan B option are fulfilled within the recommended plan.
Track #4: Qualifying test (Plan B)
A third M.A. or M.S. option exists for the Plan B student. In lieu of writing a paper or taking additional coursework, the student must take and pass the department’s PhD Qualifying Examination in one of the three areas: Analysis, Algebra, or Applied Mathematics. These examinations focus on the material in the required courses.
Pass one of the department’s qualifying exams in:
o Analysis (MATH 5200 and MATH 5230)
o Algebra (MATH 5500 and MATH 5550)
o Applied Mathematics (MATH 5310 and MATH 5400)
The oral component of this Track will consist of a defense of the student’s written answers to qualifying exam.
These examinations are given twice a year at the beginning of the fall and spring semesters.
**This option is intended for students who will continue for a PhD at UW.**
Doctoral Program
The student must maintain a 3.0 cumulative GPA.
The student must teach two semesters of college mathematics.
The student must complete a combination of 72 hours of coursework and dissertation research. Within the 72 hours, a maximum of 12 hours can be at the 4000 level, and 42 hours must be formal courses at the 5000 level. The courses must be mathematics courses or courses with significant mathematical content, as approved by the department's graduate committee.
Within the 42 hours of 5000-level courses, the student must:
Complete MATH 5200, 5230, 5310, 5400, 5500, and 5550 with a grade of B or better.
Take two hours of MATH 5800-02, Seminars and Colloquia.
Complete the courses distributed in three areas: algebra, analysis, and applied mathematics. The student must take at least two courses in each of two categories and at least one course from the third category. The department maintains a list of course categories.
In addition, the student must:
Pass the foundation exam, the qualifying test in the student's research area, and the preliminary exam.
Write a dissertation containing the student's original mathematical results and present an oral defense of the research.
Take one hour of the seminar 4970: Professional Development in Mathematics and one hour of the seminar 4970: Professional Development in Teaching.
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