CWNA-108 pdf - Certified Wireless Network Administrator
CWNA-108 Certified Wireless Network Administrator
EXAM NUMBER : CWNA-108
EXAM NAME : Certified Wireless Network Administrator
QUESTIONS TYPE : Multiple-Choice
PASSING SCORES : 70%
The CWNA certification is a foundational level wireless LAN certification for the CWNP Program. To earn a CWNA certification, you must take the CWNA test at a Pearson Vue Testing Center and pass with a 70% or higher. Instructors must pass with a 80% or higher. However you choose to prepare for the CWNA exam, you should start with the test objectives, which cover the full list of skills tested on the exam. The CWNA certification is valid for three (3) years. To recertify, pass one of the professional level certifications exams (CWSP,CWDP, CWAP) BEFORE your CWNA expires. By doing so, the CWNA will be renewed for another three (3) years. Or retake the current version of the CWNA exam.
While the Certified Wireless Specialist (CWS) and Certified Wireless Technician (CWT) certifications are not a required prerequisite to the CWNA certification, it is highly recommended. It will provide a solid learning foundation before continuing to pursue the CWNA.
Main Areas Covered by CWNA:
- Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies
- Antenna Concepts
- Wireless LAN Hardware and Software
- Network Design, Installation, and Management
- Wireless Standards and Organizations
- 802.11 Network Architecture
- Wireless LAN Security
- Troubleshooting
The Certified Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) understands standards and operations of 802.11 wireless networks. Responsibilities include deploying, managing, monitoring, and basic troubleshooting of these networks. The CWNA has the ability to describe devices and operations of current WLAN technologies.
The CWNA test has no prerequisites; however, the following are recommended before attempting the CWNA exam:
● Basic knowledge of networking (routers, switches, cabling, etc.)
● Basic knowledge of TCP/IP
● At least 1 year of work experience with wireless LAN technologies
The skills and knowledge measured by this examination are derived from a Job Task Analysis (JTA) involving wireless networking experts (CWNEs) and professionals. The results of this JTA were used in weighing the subject areas and ensuring that the weighting is representative of the relative importance of the content. When you pass the CWNA exam, you earn credit towards the CWSP, CWDP, CWAP, and CWNE certifications and you earn the CWNA certification. The following chart provides the breakdown of the test as to the distribution of questions within each knowledge domain
- Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies 15%
- WLAN Regulations and Standards 20%
- WLAN Protocols and Devices 20%
- WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts 15%
- WLAN Network Security 10%
- RF Validation 10%
- WLAN Troubleshooting 10%
1.0 Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies – 15%
1.1 Define and explain the basic characteristics of RF and RF behavior
• Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, phase, sine waves
• RF propagation and coverage
• Reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering
• Multipath and RF interference
• Gain and loss
• Amplification
• Attenuation
• Absorption
• Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
• Return Loss
• Free Space Path Loss (FSPL)
1.2 Apply the basic concepts of RF mathematics and measurement
• Watt and milliwatt
• Decibel (dB)
• dBm and dBi
• Noise floor
• SNR
• RSSI
• dBm to mW conversion rules of 10 and 3
• Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP)
1.3 Identify RF signal characteristics as they relate to antennas.
• RF and physical line of sight and Fresnel zone clearance
• Beamwidths
• Passive gain
• Polarization
• Antenna diversity types
• Radio chains
• Spatial multiplexing (SM)
• Transmit Beamforming (TxBF)
• Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)
• MIMO
1.4 Explain and apply the functionality of RF antennas, antenna systems, and accessories available
• Omni-directional antennas
• Semi-directional antennas
• Highly directional antennas
• memorizing Azimuth and Elevation charts for different antenna types
• Antenna orientation
• RF cables and connectors
• Lightning arrestors and grounding rods/wires
2.0 WLAN Regulations and Standards – 20%
2.1 Explain the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations
• IEEE
• Wi-Fi Alliance
• IETF
• Regulatory domains and agencies
2.2 Explain and apply the various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions of the IEEE 802.11-2016 standard as amended including supported channel widths, spatial streams, data rates.
• DSSS – 802.11
• HR-DSSS – 802.11b
• OFDM – 802.11a
• ERP – 802.11g
• Wi-Fi 4 - HT – 802.11n
• Wi-Fi 5 - VHT – 802.11ac
• Wi-Fi 6 - HE - 802.11ax
2.3 Understand spread spectrum technologies, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS)
• DSSS
• OFDM
• OFDMA and Resource Units
• BPSK
• QPSK
• QAM (16, 64, 256,1024)
2.4 Identify and apply 802.11 WLAN functional concepts
• Primary channels
• Adjacent overlapping and non-overlapping channels
• Throughput vs. data rate
• Bandwidth
• Guard Interval
2.5 Describe the OSI model layers affected by the 802.11-2016 standard and amendments
2.6 Identify and comply with regulatory domain requirements and constraints (specifically in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz)
• Frequency bands used by the 802.11 PHYs
• Available channels
• Regulatory power constraints
• Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)
• Transmit Power Control (TPC)
2.7 Explain basic use case scenarios for 802.11 wireless networks
• Wireless LAN (WLAN) – BSS and ESS
• Wireless bridging
• Wireless Ad-Hoc (IBSS)
• Wireless Mesh
3.0 WLAN Protocols and Devices – 20%
3.1 Describe the components and functions that make up an 802.11 wireless service set
• Stations (STAs)
• Basic Service Set (BSS) (Infrastructure mode)
• SSID
• BSSID
• Extended Service Set (ESS)
• IBSS (Ad-Hoc)
• Distribution System (DS)
• Distribution System Media (DSM)
3.2 Define terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY
• MSDU, MPDU, PSDU, and PPDU
• A-MSDU and A-MPDU
• PHY preamble and header
3.3 Identify and explain the MAC frame format
• MAC frame format
• MAC addressing
3.4 Identify and explain the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types
• Management
• Control
• Data
3.5 Explain the process used to locate and connect to a WLAN
• Scanning (active and passive)
• Authentication
• Association
• Open System Authentication and Shared Key authentication
• Connecting to 802.1X/EAP and Pre-Shared Key authentication networks
• BSS selection
• Connecting to hidden SSIDs
3.6 Explain 802.11 channel access methods
• DCF
• EDCA
• RTS/CTS
• CTS-to-Self
• NAV
• Interframe spaces (SIFS, DIFS, EIFS, AIFS)
• Physical carrier sense and virtual carrier sense
• Hidden node
3.7 Explain 802.11 MAC operations
• Roaming
• Power save modes and frame buffering
• Protection mechanisms
3.8 Describe features of, select, and install WLAN devices, control, and management systems
• Access Points (APs)
• WLAN controllers
• Wireless network management systems
• Wireless bridge and mesh APs
• Client devices
4.0 WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts– 15%
4.1 Describe and implement Power over Ethernet (PoE) 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
• Power Source Equipment
• Powered Device
• Midspan and endpoint PSEs
• Power classes to include power differences between PSE and PD
• Power budgets and powered port density
4.2 Define and describe differences, advantages and constraints of the different wireless LAN architectures
• Centralized data forwarding
• Distributed data forwarding
• Control, Management and Data planes
• Scalability and availability solutions
• Tunneling, QoS and VLANs
4.3 Describe design considerations for common deployment scenarios in wireless such as coverage requirements, roaming considerations, throughput, capacity and security
• Design considerations for data
• Design considerations for voice
• Design considerations for video
• Design considerations for location services including Real-Time Location Services (RTLS)
• Design considerations for highly mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smartphones)
• Capacity planning for high and very high-density environments
• Design considerations for guest access/BYOD
• Design considerations for supporting legacy 802.11 devices
4.4 Demonstrate awareness of common proprietary features in wireless networks.
• AirTime Fairness
• Band steering
• Dynamic power and channel management features
4.5 Determine and configure required network services supporting the wireless network
• DHCP for client addressing, AP addressing and/or controller discovery
• DNS for address resolution for clients and APs
• Time synchronization protocols (e.g. NTP, SNTP)
• VLANs for segmentation
• Authentication services (e.g. RADIUS, LDAP)
• Access Control Lists for segmentation
• Wired network capacity requirements
5.0 WLAN Network Security – 10%
5.1 Identify weak security options that should not be used in enterprise WLANs
• WEP
• Shared Key authentication
• SSID hiding as a security mechanism
• MAC filtering
• Use of deprecated security methods (e.g. WPA and/or WPA2 with TKIP)
• Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
5.2 Identify and configure effective security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs
• Application of AES with CCMP for encryption and integrity
• WPA2-Personal including limitations and best practices for pre-shared (PSK) use
• WPA2-Enterprise -configuring wireless networks to use 802.1X including connecting to RADIUS servers and appropriate EAP methods
5.3 Understand basic concepts of WPA3 and Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) and enhancements compared to WPA2
• Understand basic security enhancements in WPA3 vs. WPA2
• Understand basic security enhancements of encryption and integrity in WPA3 (e.g. CCMP, GCMP, AES)
• Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) in WPA3 as an enhancement for legacy pre-shared key technology
• Understand the purpose of Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) for public and guest networks
5.4 Describe common security options and tools used in wireless networks
• Access control solutions (e.g. captive portals, NAC, BYOD)
• Protected management frames
• Fast Secure Roaming methods
• Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS) and/or rogue AP detection
• Protocol and spectrum analyzers
• Best practices in secure management protocols (e.g. encrypted management HTTPS, SNMPv3, SSH2, VPN and password management)
6.0 RF Validation – 10%
6.1 Verify and document that design requirements are met including coverage, throughput, roaming, and connectivity with a post-implementation validation survey
6.2 Locate and identify sources of RF interference
• Identify RF disruption from 802.11 wireless devices including contention vs. interference and causes/sources of both including co-channel contention (CCC), overlapping channels, and 802.11 wireless device proximity
• Identify sources of RF interference from non-802.11 wireless devices based on the investigation of airtime and frequency utilization
• Understand interference mitigation options including removal of interference source or change of wireless channel usage
6.3 Perform application testing to validate WLAN performance
• Network and service availability
• VoIP testing
• Real-time application testing
• Throughput testing
6.4 Understand and use the basic features of validation tools
• Use of throughput testers for validation tasks
• Use of wireless validation software (specifically survey software and wireless scanners)
• Use of protocol analyzers for validation tasks
• Use of spectrum analyzers for validation tasks
7.0 WLAN Troubleshooting – 10%
7.1 Describe and apply common troubleshooting tools used in WLANs
• Use of protocol analyzers for troubleshooting tasks
• Use of spectrum analyzers for identifying sources of interference
• Use of management, monitoring and logging systems for troubleshooting tasks
• Use of wireless LAN scanners for troubleshooting tasks
7.2 Identify and troubleshoot common wireless issues
• Identify causes of insufficient throughput in the wireless distribution systems including LAN port speed/duplex misconfigurations, insufficient PoE budget, and insufficient Internet or WAN bandwidth
• Identify and solve RF interference using spectrum analyzers
• Identify wireless performance issues using SNR, retransmissions, and airtime utilization statistics
• Identify causes of wireless issues related to network services including DHCP, DNS, and time protocols including using native interface and IP configuration tools (e.g. pings, DNS lookups, interface configuration)
• Identify wireless issues related to security configuration mismatches
CWNP Administrator pdf
Other CWNP exams
CWAP-403 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional (CWAP)CWNA-108 Certified Wireless Network Administrator
CWS-100 Certified Wireless Specialist
Academic Buildings
The standard building operating hours during the academic year are 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. for academic buildings with some exceptions of buildings hosting athletics, recreation and other student activities (noted below). Any user who will be using a location after hours or during other non-standard times, is advised to inform the building administrator (PDF) to be assured they will have access to the location. Additionally, requesters should make scheduling requests through EMS via myRedDragon. Further access instructions may be provided on your reservation confirmation, which you should bring with you to the schedule event.
| Hours refer to non-holiday weekdays. Hours will vary on holidays. Weekend reservations must be made using the holiday or weekend reservation forms in myRedDragon. Any user who will be using a location after hours or during other non-standard times, is advised to inform the building administrator (PDF) to be assured they will have access to the location | |
| Bowers Hall | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
| Cornish Hall | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
| Dowd Fine Arts Center | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. (Standard Hours) The Dowd Fine Arts Center schedule may also vary to accommodate performances. |
| Education Building | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
| Memorial Library | Memorial Library hours vary during the term, and are adjusted during campus breaks, summer and winter session. Please view the Library site for building hours. |
| Moffett Center | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
| Old Main | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
| Park Center | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. (Standard Hours) The Park Center schedule will also vary to accommodate athletics, recreation, student activities. Reservations for Park Center and athletic facilities may be made through the sport facilities manager. |
| Professional Studies Building | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
| Sperry Center | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
| Van Hoesen Hall | 7 a.m.-9:30 p.m. |
Athletic Fields, Lusk and Stadium Facilities
The schedule may vary to accommodate athletics, recreation, student activities. Reservations for athletic facilities may be made through the sport facilities manager.
Administrative Buildings
The standard hours for administrative buildings are 7 a.m.-5:30 p.m Monday-Friday. Any user who will be using a location after hours or during other non-standard times, is advised to inform the building administrator (PDF) to be assured they will have access to the location. Additionally, requesters should arrive early when using a location after hours or during other non-standard times to be assured the location is unlocked and accessible. Further access instructions may be provided on your reservation confirmation, which you should bring with you to the schedule event.>
| Hours refer to non-holiday weekdays. Hours will vary on holidays. Weekend reservations must be made using the holiday or weekend reservation forms in myRedDragon. Any user who will be using a location after hours or during other non-standard times, is advised to inform the building administrator (PDF) to be assured they will have access to the location | |
| Broadway House | 8 a.m.-4:30 p.m. |
| Brockway Hall | 7 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Brockway Hall hours will vary to accommodate special events in Jacobus Lounge. Reservations for Jacobus Lounge made be made through Campus Activities and Corey Union and via the Weekend and After Hours request form available in the reservation channel in myRedDragon. |
| Commissary/Service Group | 7 a.m.-5:30 p.m. |
| Miller Building | 7 a.m.-5:30 p.m. |
| Neubig Hall | Neubig Hall hours vary to accommodate student services and dining services located within the building. Please review the Neubig Hall operating hours Web page. |
| Winchell Hall | 7 a.m.-5:30 p.m. |
Student Life Center and Corey Union
The Student Life Center and Corey Union hours will vary to accommodate open recreation and student programming. Please review the Student Life Center site and the Corey Union site for building hours.
Residence Halls
Residence halls are secured 24 hours per day, seven days per week. In the event that classroom instruction is held in a residence hall, security of the residents and building will not be compromised. To schedule events or utilize space within residence halls, please contact Residence Life and Housing.
Additional Building Information
Scheduling Events
Event requesters may schedule events and request facility use online by logging into EMS, the campus reservation system, through myRedDragon. The Event requester must complete the online form requirements before an event will be added to the reservation system. Facility requests are not automatically granted, and must be routed to the appropriate space manager for consideration. Space requests are approved once they receive confirmation from the space manager. Events may be scheduled within the official campus building hours above, or under specific exceptions as noted below.
Weekend Hours and After Hours
On the weekend, all buildings remain closed unless otherwise scheduled, or if specific building hours exceptions are in place. To schedule weekend events, please utilize the weekend and after hours request form available in the reservation channel in myRedDragon. Using this form will help to ensure your location is available and proper staffing and services are available.
Breaks/Holidays, Summer and Winter Session
Generally all buildings are open between 7 a.m. and 5 p.m., unless otherwise posted (see above). Please check the class schedule for classroom locations for summer and winter session courses. Summer and winter session reservation options will conform to the 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. hour standard. To conserve energy and/or better manage campus resources, reservations may be limited to specific buildings during these times.
Final test Study Day Reservations
Standard daily hours for academic buildings will be used to schedule study day events. In the event that study days occur on the weekend, to conserve energy and/or better manage campus resources, reservations may be limited to specific buildings. Dowd Fine Arts Center, the Student Life Center and Park Center remain open to accommodate specific events that occur during study days, but are not reservable via the Study Days online reservation template. Please contact the Stadium Manager (for Park Center), Recreational Sports (Student Life Center) the Dowd Building Administrator or Registrar's Office (for the Dowd Fine Arts Center) for reservation assistance during study days.
After Hours, Break or Weekend Requests
After Hours or College Break Requests: When an individual attempts to schedule an area outside of the normal operating hours, the campus space reservation system will not allow them to reserve the space, but will refer them to contact The Help Center. The Help Center will refer staff to the appropriate office for assistance with an after-hours scheduling need.
Weekend Reservations: Weekend reservations may be made using the weekend reservation form available via myRedDragon, which is located within the EMS reservation channel.
Contractor Access
After-hours access for contractors will be permitted only through prior arrangement with the Facilities Planning, Design and Construction Office, Physical Plant or Information Resources.
Conference and Public Event Scheduling
All campus conferences and major public events must be coordinated with the Campus Activities and Corey Union Office to provide for required services and facility access.
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