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The Foundation Level Syllabus forms the basis for the International Software Testing Qualification at the Foundation Level.

The International Software Testing Qualifications Board® (ISTQB®) provides it to the national examination bodies for them to accredit the training providers and to derive examination questions in their local language.



Training providers will produce courseware and determine appropriate teaching methods for accreditation, and the syllabus will help candidates in their preparation for the examination.



The Certified Tester Foundation Level in Software Testing

The Foundation Level qualification is aimed at anyone involved in software testing. This includes people in roles such as testers, test analysts, test engineers, test consultants, test managers, user acceptance testers and software developers.



This Foundation Level qualification is also appropriate for anyone who wants a basic understanding of software testing, such as project managers, quality managers, software development managers, business analysts, IT directors and management consultants. Holders of the Foundation Certificate will be able to go on to a higher level software testing qualification.



Fundamentals of Testing



Learning Objectives for Fundamentals of Testing:

- What is Testing?

- Identify typical objectives of testing

- Differentiate testing from debugging

- Why is Testing Necessary?

- deliver examples of why testing is necessary

- Describe the relationship between testing and quality assurance and deliver examples of how testing contributes to higher quality

- Distinguish between error, defect, and failure

- Distinguish between the root cause of a defect and its effects

- Seven Testing Principles

- Explain the seven testing principles

- Test Process

- Explain the impact of context on the test process

- Describe the test activities and respective tasks within the test process

- Differentiate the work products that support the test process

- Explain the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and test work products

- The Psychology of Testing

- Identify the psychological factors that influence the success of testing

- Explain the difference between the mindset required for test activities and the mindset required for development activities



Keywords

coverage, debugging, defect, error, failure, quality, quality assurance, root cause, test analysis, test basis,
test case, test completion, test condition, test control, test data, test design, test execution,
test implementation, test monitoring, test object, test objective, test oracle, test planning, test procedure,
test process, test suite, testing, testware, traceability, validation, verification



Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle



Learning Objectives for Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle

- Software Development Lifecycle Models

- Explain the relationships between software development activities and test activities in the software development lifecycle

- Identify reasons why software development lifecycle models must be adapted to the context of project and product characteristics

- Test Levels

- Compare the different test levels from the perspective of objectives, test basis, test objects, typical defects and failures, and approaches and responsibilities

- Test Types

- Compare functional, non-functional, and white-box testing

- Recognize that functional, non-functional, and white-box tests occur at any test level

- Compare the purposes of confirmation testing and regression testing

- Maintenance Testing

- Summarize triggers for maintenance testing

- Describe the role of impact analysis in maintenance testing



Keywords

acceptance testing, alpha testing, beta testing, change-related testing, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS),
component integration testing, component testing, confirmation testing, contractual acceptance testing,
functional testing, impact analysis, integration testing, maintenance testing, non-functional testing,
operational acceptance testing, regression testing, regulatory acceptance testing, sequential development
model, system integration testing, system testing, test basis, test case, test environment, test level, test
object, test objective, test type, user acceptance testing, white-box testing



Static Testing



Learning Objectives for Static Testing

- Static Testing Basics

- Recognize types of software work product that can be examined by the different static testing techniques

- Use examples to describe the value of static testing

- Explain the difference between static and dynamic techniques, considering objectives, types of defects to be identified, and the role of these techniques within the software lifecycle

- Review Process

- Summarize the activities of the work product review process

- Recognize the different roles and responsibilities in a formal review

- Explain the differences between different review types: informal review, walkthrough, technical review, and inspection

- Apply a review technique to a work product to find defects

- Explain the factors that contribute to a successful review



Keywords

ad hoc review, checklist-based review, dynamic testing, formal review, informal review, inspection,
perspective-based reading, review, role-based review, scenario-based review, static analysis, static
testing, technical review, walkthrough



Test Techniques



Learning Objectives for Test Techniques

- Categories of Test Techniques

- Explain the characteristics, commonalities, and differences between black-box test techniques, white-box test techniques, and experience-based test techniques

- Black-box Test Techniques

- Apply equivalence partitioning to derive test cases from given requirements

- Apply boundary value analysis to derive test cases from given requirements

- Apply decision table testing to derive test cases from given requirements

- Apply state transition testing to derive test cases from given requirements

- Explain how to derive test cases from a use case

- White-box Test Techniques

- Explain statement coverage

- Explain decision coverage

- Explain the value of statement and decision coverage

- Experience-based Test Techniques

- Explain error guessing

- Explain exploratory testing

- Explain checklist-based testing



Keywords

black-box test technique, boundary value analysis, checklist-based testing, coverage, decision coverage,
decision table testing, error guessing, equivalence partitioning, experience-based test technique,
exploratory testing, state transition testing, statement coverage, test technique, use case testing, whitebox test technique



Test Management



Learning Objectives for Test Management

- Test Organization

- Explain the benefits and drawbacks of independent testing

- Identify the tasks of a test manager and tester

- Test Planning and Estimation

- Summarize the purpose and content of a test plan

- Differentiate between various test strategies

- deliver examples of potential entry and exit criteria

- Apply knowledge of prioritization, and technical and logical dependencies, to schedule test execution for a given set of test cases

- Identify factors that influence the effort related to testing

- Explain the difference between two estimation techniques: the metrics-based technique and the expert-based technique

- Test Monitoring and Control

- Recall metrics used for testing

- Summarize the purposes, contents, and audiences for test reports

- Configuration Management

- Summarize how configuration management supports testing

- Risks and Testing

- Define risk level by using likelihood and impact

- Distinguish between project and product risks

- Describe, by using examples, how product risk analysis may influence the thoroughness and scope of testing

- ement

- Write a defect report, covering a defect found during testing



Keywords

configuration management, defect management, defect report, entry criteria, exit criteria, product risk,
project risk, risk, risk level, risk-based testing, test approach, test control, test estimation, test manager,
test monitoring, test plan, test planning, test progress report, test strategy, test summary report, tester



Tool Support for Testing



Learning Objectives for Test Tools

- Test tool considerations

- Classify test tools according to their purpose and the test activities they support

- Identify benefits and risks of test automation

- Remember special considerations for test execution and test management tools

- Effective use of tools

- Identify the main principles for selecting a tool

- Recall the objectives for using pilot projects to introduce tools

- Identify the success factors for evaluation, implementation, deployment, and on-going support of test tools in an organization



Keywords

data-driven testing, keyword-driven testing, test automation, test execution tool, test management tool
ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Technical Test Analyst (CTAL-TTA-Syll2012)
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iSQI
CTAL-TTA-001
ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Technical
Test Analyst (CTAL-TTA-Syll2012)
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/CTAL-TTA-001
CTAL-TTA-001
A. A design review meeting
B. An architect translating requirements into design
C. Performing unit tests against design
D. A test log showing code coverage achieved
Answer: A
Question: 59
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
As a technical test analyst, which documents would you typically create? 1 credit
[K2]
A. Test plan, test design, test cases and test log
B. Test plan, test log, test design and test summary report
C. Test script, test log, incident report and test design
D. Incident report, test item transmittal report, test cases and test procedure
Answer: C
Question: 60
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
31
CTAL-TTA-001
As a technical test analyst, you have found out during test case design that the
design document is incomplete. Which is an example of a good way to
communicate that problem in an email? 1 credit [K2]
A. E-mail: Until I have received an updated version of the design document, I will
not do any work on the test design.
B. E-mail: When will it be possible to receive the missing information? Test
design is impeded by a lack of clarity here.
C. E-mail: Here we go again. The developer gave us incomplete and ambiguous
design specifications. Typical.
D. Do not communicate the problem, just log the delaying effect of the information
problem and be ready to explain the delays to the test manager later.
Answer: B
Question: 61
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
32
CTAL-TTA-001
As a technical test analyst, you are involved in a risk analysis session using the
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis technique. You are calculating risk priorities.
Which of the following are the major factors in this exercise? 1 credit [K2]
A. Severity and priority
B. Functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, efficiency and portability
C. Likelihood and impact
D. Financial damage, frequency of use and external visibility
Answer: C
Question: 62
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
In which of the following test documents would you expect to find the
preconditions to start executing a set of test cases? 1 credit [K2]
A. Level test plan
B. Test procedure specification
C. Test design specification
D. Master test plan
Answer: B
Question: 63
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
33
CTAL-TTA-001
Defects are discovered through test analysis and design because 1 credit [K2]
A. the tasks involve extracting information from the test basis
B. developers are involved in writing test cases
C. the cost of fixing a defect will increase if found later on
D. the author of the test basis will have made errors
Answer: A
Question: 64
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
The development manager asks you to identify suitable test coverage entry criteria
for a component test. Which TWO of the following would you recommend as
appropriate for entry criteria to a component testing phase? 2 credits [K3]
34
CTAL-TTA-001
A. 100% statement coverage
B. No critical outstanding defects
C. Test log available
D. Code review completed
E. Static analysis shows no major violations
Answer: D, E
Question: 65
Identify the most significant risk introduced by this approach to incident
management. 3 credits [K4]
A. Excel list may not be insynchronizationwith Word documents
B. Low level of usability
C. Spreadsheet/text files may not be complete
D. Does not map to IEEE 1044
Answer: A
35
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iSQI (CTAL-TTA-Syll2012) study help - BingNews https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/CTAL-TTA-001 Search results iSQI (CTAL-TTA-Syll2012) study help - BingNews https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/CTAL-TTA-001 https://killexams.com/exam_list/iSQI Mediterranean diet could help reduce belly fat and muscle loss caused by aging, study finds

The Mediterranean diet could be the key to blasting belly fat.

A new study from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) revealed that the Mediterranean diet, partnered with physical activity, can counter aging-related body changes suchh as fat gain and loss of muscle mass.

The study, published in JAMA Network Open on Oct. 18, was designed to determine whether the diet could prevent cardiovascular disease — but in the meantime, a subgroup was evaluated to measure the impact on body composition after a three-year period.

DRINKING A GALLON OF WATER PER DAY: DOES IT REALLY HELP WITH WEIGHT LOSS AND FITNESS?

The results showed that an energy-reduced (lower-calorie) Mediterranean diet and increased physical activity appeared to reduce aging-related weight gain and muscle loss.

A total of 1,521 middle-aged and older participants, who were either overweight or had obesity and metabolic syndrome, were separated into two groups.

The study author explained that people in Mediterranean countries incorporate vegetables into every meal. (iStock)

The first group followed a Mediterranean diet while reducing their calorie intake by 30% and increasing their physical activity.

The second group followed a Mediterranean diet without calorie restrictions or changes in physical activity.

RUNNING 1 MILE A DAY IS GAINING POPULARITY ONLINE: HOW IT CAN Excellerate YOUR HEALTH 

The participants in the first group experienced "clinically meaningful" changes in body composition throughout the three-year experiment, according to the researchers.

This included a 5% or greater improvement in fat mass, visceral (belly) fat mass and loss of lean muscle mass after only one year of following the diet.

Fox News Digital reached out to the researchers for comment.

The study revealed that an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and increased physical activity can reduce fat gained with aging. (iStock)

Nutritionist and registered dietitian Ilana Muhlstein, who was not involved in the study, told Fox News Digital that the Mediterranean diet has been "touted for many years as the healthiest diet in the world."

She added, "And while that may be true, it is extremely arbitrary advice for a health professional to deliver to an average person."

THE CANCER PREVENTION DIET: 6 SMART TIPS FROM A NUTRITIONIST ON WHAT TO EAT AND WHY — AND WHAT TO AVOID

The diet encompasses a "broad array of advice" beyond just emphasizing whole foods, Muhlstein said.

The "great aspects" of the diet include beans, legumes, whole grains, healthy fats, seeds, nuts and fish-centered entrées, the nutritionist said.

Foods with high levels of Omega-3 fats include salmon, sardines, avocado, extra virgin olive oil, and various nuts and seeds. (iStock)

An energy-reduced Mediterranean diet differs from the original by incorporating more protein, having less added sugars and containing higher volumes of fresh vegetables or fruit instead of dried fruit.

"Yet the healthiest part of the Mediterranean diet that so many Americans overlook is the absolute obsession with veggies and fresh herbs," Muhlstein said. 

MEDITERRANEAN, MIND DIETS SHOWN TO REDUCE SIGNS OF ALZHEIMER’S IN THE BRAIN, STUDY FINDS

"These high-volume, nutrient-dense, low-calorie ingredients are the heart and soul of the true Mediterranean diet that sadly get dismissed."

Countries that have a "much better cardiovascular health status compared to America," like Israel or Greece, have an "abundance" of vegetables present at every meal, according to the dietitian.

Participants saw a 5% or greater improvement in fat mass, visceral (belly) fat mass and total lean mass after only one year of following the diet. (iStock)

"These countries don’t just eat vegetables — they celebrate them and would never think to have a meal without them," she said. 

"When they serve dips, like hummus, and tzatziki, they are always accompanied by a tray of sliced cucumbers or a mixed salad." 

She added, "However, in the United States, I see people devour high-calorie Mediterranean delicacies, like pita, shawarma and falafel, with almost no veggies in sight, which misses the point."

BARBIE BOTOX GOES VIRAL: WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT THE NECK-SLIMMING PLASTIC SURGERY TREND

Muhlstein said people in these other countries "tend to live healthier" since they "easily maintain a healthy body weight by filling up on lots of low-starch veggies every single day."

She encouraged Americans to limit the pita bread and fill half of their plates with Mediterranean diet staples like roasted eggplants, pickled turnips and chopped salads.

As far as physical activity is concerned, Muhlstein recommended about 45 minutes of exercise six days a week to align with the "naturally active lifestyles" of people living in the Mediterranean.

Ilana Muhlstein, known as NutritionBabe on TikTok, has nearly two million followers on the app. (BODi)

Participants in the study were contacted by trained dietitians three times a month throughout the study, which Muhlstein said most likely led to "significantly improving" their relationship with food.

CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR OUR HEALTH NEWSLETTER

"Sadly, in America, our view of food has become really unhealthy," she said. 

"We’ve been encouraged to seek carbs and sugar for emotional comfort, and only turn to vegetables if we have to go on a diet."

CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP

She noted, "This is a type of unhealthy mindset that can result [in] poor health and obesity … Giving the participants an opportunity to meet with a dietitian and to regularly and steadily Excellerate their eating behaviors and relationships with food is key for creating results that last."

For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health.

Sat, 21 Oct 2023 21:44:00 -0500 Fox News en text/html https://www.foxnews.com/health/mediterranean-diet-could-help-reduce-belly-fat-muscle-loss-caused-aging-study-finds
Anger might help you achieve challenging goals, a new study says. But could your health pay the price?

Have a challenging goal ahead? Some anger could help you achieve it, according to new research.

For the study, published recently in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researchers analyzed the role of anger in different scenarios, including a variety of challenges and a survey. One experiment, for example, focused on participants' completion of word puzzles after being shown images designed to elicit specific emotional responses.  

Across all the experiments, researchers found anger improved the participants' ability to reach challenging goals compared to a neutral emotional condition. In some cases, anger was associated with higher scores or faster response times — while in one experiment, they found, it increased the rate of cheating to win prizes.

Anger did not, however, seem to Excellerate outcomes when the goals were easier instead of challenging. In certain experiments, amusement or desire were also associated with increased goal attainment, but anger was associated with increased success across the board.

"People often believe that a state of happiness is ideal, and the majority of people consider the pursuit of happiness a major life goal," lead author Heather Lench, a professor at Texas A&M University, said in a news release. "The view that positive emotion is ideal for mental health and well-being has been prominent in lay and psychological accounts of emotion, but previous research suggests that a mix of emotions, including negative emotions like anger, result in the best outcomes."

Researchers also analyzed survey data collected from the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections, where people were asked how angry they'd be if their candidate didn't win. Though it had no effect on who they voted for, those who said they would be angry were more likely to vote in the election. 

"These findings demonstrate that anger increases effort toward attaining a desired goal, frequently resulting in greater success," Lench said.

Nicholette Leanza, a licensed professional clinical counselor with mental health care company LifeStance Health, who was not involved in the study, told CBS News that the findings didn't surprise her. 

"Often with my own clients, I've noticed when they move from being sad about something that didn't happen for them to feeling angry about it, they're more likely to take action to make things better for themselves," she said. "Their anger about the situation is the motivator behind moving them forward."

Alyssa Mairanz, owner and executive director of Empower Your Mind Therapy, who was also not involved in the study, explained how emotions can be strong motivators.

"In Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) we like to look at emotions as neither good nor bad; they are the reality," she says. "In DBT we also talk about emotions having three main functions: Emotions can communicate to and influence others; they can organize and motivate for action, which is what the study showed; and they can be self-validating and indicators of our needs."

While any emotion, including anger, is valid, Mairanz says, they should be used as guidance on how to proceed — but this can be done effectively or ineffectively.

"Impulsively acting on an emotion can lead to negative consequences if we don't act in our best interests," she says. "Anger is an especially risky emotion because it tends to be the one where people act most impulsively. Acting on anger without thought can cause someone to lash out verbally or even physically. Generally, that is not the most effective action in the situation."

Even if anger can help with certain goals, prolonged states or intense bouts of it can be unhealthy for your mind and body. It has also been linked to mental health challenges including depression.

"As we can see from the study, anger can be a motivator. But if a person stays angry for extended periods of time, that is not helpful or healthy at all," Leanza says. "We often say anger turned inward is depression, and we definitely see this when people struggle to manage their anger over long periods of time. So, anger can be positive for short blasts of motivation, but long periods of it can really turn a person toxic."

And because of the connection between brain and body, anger can also impact our physical health.

"Like other emotions, (anger) is accompanied by physiological and biological changes; when you get angry, your heart rate and blood pressure go up, as do the levels of your energy hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline," according to the American Psychological Association.

Tue, 31 Oct 2023 22:00:00 -0500 en-US text/html https://www.cbsnews.com/news/anger-achieve-goals-health-study-risks/
Study: Hot yoga could help fight seasonal depression

A yoga studio in Slingerlands may be able to help Capital Region people who may deal with depression.

A Slingerlands yoga studio may be able to help Capital Region people who may deal with depression. That’s because new research has found hot yoga can actually be really good for your mental well-being.

Hot yoga can help treat symptoms of depression, according to researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital.

In the study, adults with moderate to severe depression performed 90 minutes of yoga in a 105-degree room at least twice a week for eight weeks. The study found nearly 60% of participants had a 50% or greater reduction in symptoms.

Jai Yoga School in Slingerlands offers different types of classes, which include warm and hot yoga. Jai is the only studio in the Capital Region with infrared heat.

Owner Meg Horan has been practicing yoga for about 20 years. She said the new study doesn’t surprise her.

“There’s a lot of magic to it beyond just doing the physical poses,” Horan said. “Any type of endorphin releasing, physical practice, working out in any way, they focus on the breath, and reassociating with your body, rather than just going through the motions, disassociating with your body, so becoming more mindful and becoming more present and taking the experience as it is, I think it gives people the opportunity to create space and clarity in their life, which helps navigate this crazy world we live in.” 

Click here to learn more about Jai Yoga School, or call 518-496-8382.

Thu, 09 Nov 2023 21:12:00 -0600 en-US text/html https://wnyt.com/top-stories/study-hot-yoga-could-help-fight-seasonal-depression/
Certain Types of Music Can Help People Feel Less Pain, New Study Claims

Certain types of music can help people feel less pain, according to a new study.

Earlier this week, the study, which was published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research, highlighted that listening to favorite songs can reduce an individual's perception of pain.

The study gathered 63 healthy young adult participants at the Roy pain laboratory at McGill University in Canada, where researchers used a device to heat an area on their left arm that created a sensation that researchers described as being similar to a hot cup of coffee being held against their skin.

As the device heated their skin, the participants listened to either two of their favorite songs, relaxing music selected for them, scrambled music or silence. As the selected track played, the study participants were then asked to rate the "intensity and unpleasantness" of the pain.

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Man listening to music.

Getty

In their findings, researchers discovered that participants rated the pain as less intense when listening to their favorite tracks, as compared to when they listened to silence or scrambled sounds.

Relaxing music selected for them, meanwhile, did not produce a similar less intense effect, according to the study.

“We can approximate that favorite music reduced pain by about one point on a 10-point scale, which is at least as strong as an over-the-counter painkiller like Advil under the same conditions," Darius Valevicius, one of the study's authors said, per The Guardian.

Valevicius added that emotional or "moving" music may have potentially had "an even stronger effect" on those who participated in the study.

Sun, 29 Oct 2023 09:42:00 -0500 en text/html https://people.com/certain-types-of-music-can-help-people-feel-less-pain-new-study-says-8383622
New study: gargling with salt water may help prevent Covid hospitalization

image: 

ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting

view more 

Credit: ACAAI

ANAHEIM, Calif. (Nov. 9, 2023) – As Covid and its health effects move into a fourth year, those who become infected may be searching for remedies to Excellerate their respiratory symptoms and keep them out of the hospital. A new study being presented at this year’s American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) Annual Scientific Meeting in Anaheim, Calif. determined that both a low- and high-dose saline regimen appeared to be associated with lower hospitalization rates compared to controls in SARS-CoV-2 infections.

“Between 2020 and 2022, individuals aged 18-65 years with positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 infection were randomly selected to undergo low- or high-dose saline regimens for 14 days,” says Sebastian Espinoza, lead author of the study. “The low- and high-saline solutions consisted of 2.13 grams and 6 grams of salt dissolved in 8 ounces of warm water, respectively. Gargling and nasal rinsing was done four times a day for 14 days. Primary outcomes included frequency and duration of symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; secondary outcomes included hospital or ICU admission, mechanical ventilatory support, or death. Exclusion criteria were chronic hypertension or participation in another interventional study. Those on the low- and high-dose saline solutions, as well as those in the reference population, had similar rates of vaccination.”

58 individuals were allocated to either the low (27) or high (28) saline regimens; 3 were lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences in the primary or secondary outcomes of the study between these two groups. During the study period, 9,398 individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated and were the reference population. The hospitalization rates in the low- (18.5%) and high- (21.4%) saline regimens were significantly lower than in the reference population (58.8%.) No significant differences were noted in other outcomes among these groups.

“Our goal was to examine saline nasal irrigation and gargling for possible association to improved respiratory symptoms associated with coronavirus infection,” says Jimmy Espinoza, MD, co-author of the study. “We found that both saline regimens appear to be associated with lower hospitalization rates compared to controls in SARS-CoV-2 infections. We hope more studies can be done to further investigate the association.”

Abstract Title: Double blind randomized controlled trial of saline solution gargling and nasal rinsing in SARS-CoV-2 infection  

Presenter: Sebastian Espinoza

For more information about allergies and asthma, or to find an allergist in your area, visit AllergyandAsthmaRelief.org. The ACAAI Annual Scientific Meeting is Nov. 9-13. For more news and research from the ACAAI Scientific Meeting, go to our newsroom and follow the conversation on X/Twitter #ACAAI23.

About ACAAI

The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) is a professional medical organization of more than 6,000 allergists-immunologists and allied health professionals, headquartered in Arlington Heights, Ill. Founded in 1942, the College fosters a culture of collaboration and congeniality in which its members work together and with others toward the common goals of patient care, education, advocacy, and research. ACAAI allergists are board-certified physicians trained to diagnose allergies and asthma, administer immunotherapy, and provide patients with the best treatment outcomes. For more information and to find relief, visit AllergyandAsthmaRelief.org. Join us on Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram and Twitter/X.

P244

Double blind randomized controlled trial of saline solution gargling and nasal rinsing in SARS-CoV-2 infection  

S. Espinoza*1, L. Trauffler2, A. Shamshirsaz2, A. Shamshirsaz3, A. Espinoza2, J. Espinoza2, A. O'Brien2, 1. Sugar Land, TX; 2. Houston, TX; 3. Boston, MA.

Introduction: Saline nasal irrigation and gargling Excellerate respiratory symptoms associated with coronavirus infection. This study determines the role of two saline regimens on symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, individuals aged 18-65 years with positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 infection were randomly allocated to low- or high-saline regimens for 14 days. Low- and high-saline solutions consisted of 2.13 grams and 6 grams of salt dissolved in 8 ounces of warm water, respectively. Gargling and nasal rinsing was done four times a day for 14 days. Primary outcomes included frequency and duration of symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; secondary outcomes included hospital or ICU admission, mechanical ventilatory support, or death. Exclusion criteria were: chronic hypertension or participation in other interventional study.
Results: 58 individuals were allocated to the low-(n=27) or high-(n=28) saline regimens; 3 were lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences in the primary or secondary outcomes of the study between these two arms (Table 1). During the study period, 9,398 individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated (reference population). The hospitalization rates in the low-(18.5%) and high-(21.4%) saline regimens were significantly lower than in the reference population (58.8%; p<0.001). No significant differences were noted in other outcomes among these groups (Table 1).
Conclusion: 1) Low- and high- saline regimens for gargling and nasal rinsing are associated with similar frequency and duration of symptoms related with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 2) Both saline regimens appear to be associated with lower hospitalization rates compared to controls in SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Table 1: Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population

Data expressed as percentage (proportions) or median (range). p1: comparison between low and high-salt regimen. P2: comparison between low-salt regimen and reference population; p3: comparison between high-salt regimen and reference population. *Symptoms: fever or chills, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, headache, new loss of taste or smell, muscle or body aches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.


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Thu, 09 Nov 2023 08:14:00 -0600 en text/html https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1005778
Study: Listening to your favorite song could help relieve pain

The next time you’re feeling pain, you might want to hold off on taking that aspirin. According to a new study, music therapy could be the way to go instead.

A study, published in Frontiers in Pain Research, found that subjects listening to music experienced less pain than control subjects. The researchers used “thermal stimuli” on the subjects’ upper arms, simulating pain they described as like “a hot cup of coffee held against the skin,” adding that participants were at no risk of physical harm.

What the subjects were listening to made a difference too.

“We compared two different types of music: relaxing music that was taken from a music therapy application that’s been proved to be effective in prior studies, and self-selected preferred music,” noted study coauthor Mathieu Roy, PhD, an associate professor of psychology at McGill University in Montreal.

“Listening to music activates various regions of the brain, mainly the auditory cortex (located in the temporal lobes), which is critical for processing incoming auditory information,” explained Psychology Today.

“The effects generally range between a 10 to 20 percent reduction, so similar to anti-inflammatory drugs, for instance. The mechanism of how it works is different, but the amplitude of the effects appears to be comparable,” the study concluded.

According to the study, “pain is a significant societal and individual burden, and there is a need for alternative ways to relieve it without over-reliance on pharmacological analgesics, which may produce side effects and dependencies.”

Previous studies have suggested music can also help reduce blood pressure, and Excellerate sleep quality, memory and mental alertness, according to John Hopkins Medicine.

Fri, 10 Nov 2023 04:00:00 -0600 en text/html https://www.ajc.com/life/health/study-listening-to-your-favorite-song-could-help-relieve-pain/SJPIO6HWNBHSFBVS6ASXGYP4QU/
Certain types of music could help you feel less pain, new study says

When Adele debuted her 2011 single "Someone Like You," her bittersweet ballad resonated with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular tunes. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of tugging at our heartstrings with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.There is no doubt that music can soothe the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary soother for physical pain. Listening to favorite songs could reduce people's perception of pain, according to a new study published Wednesday in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences."It doesn't take the place of Tylenol when you have a headache, but music can help take the edge off," said Patrick Stroman, a professor of biomedical and molecular sciences at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He was not involved in the latest study but has conducted his own research on the relationship between pain and music. Unlike other medications, he noted, there is no side effect or risk to listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).The small study invited 63 young adults to bring two of their favorite songs, and the only requirement was that they needed to be at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long. One selection represented their favorite music of all time, and the other was the song they would bring with them on a desert island. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. (The seven they could choose from were "Cotton Blues," "Jamaicare," "Légende Celtique," "Musique de Film," "Nuit Cubaine," "Reggae Calédonien" and "Sega Mizik Kèr".)The impact of melancholy songsEach person underwent 7-minute blocks where they were instructed to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing instrumental songs (each of which lasted for 6 minutes and 40 seconds), or a scrambled version of both songs and the relaxing song chosen. The scrambled music was a noisy jumble of all three songs, cut into fragments and randomly shuffled so that they lacked their original structure. One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin — to the participants' left inner forearms.When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing an unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either, which the authors suggested was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience.With millions of songs available, one person's favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes."It's a very cool result," said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. "I think it's something that myself and probably many people intuitively pick up on why we listen to bittersweet, melancholic or even spiritual music."Frisson-inducing music may modulate painPeople who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more chills — the thrill and shivers you get on your skin from listening to pleasurable music. This sensation was associated with lower ratings of unpleasantness elicited by the burning pain they felt in the experiment. While not thoroughly studied here, Valevicius said he thought those musical chills could be causing these pain-blocking effects.While he didn't research chills in this study, Valevicius hypothesized that these sensations might be signs of sensory gating. To prevent overloading the brain with every stimulus around a person, the brain filters out any it considers redundant or irrelevant. In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music and filtering out some messages of incoming pain. While our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mind perceive the pain may not be relayed. Your brain on music is likely tapping into the body's built-in system for regulating pain, Stroman said. The body's ability to engage emotions and feelings helps to gauge how important the pain is at that moment. Stroman and his research team recently used brain imaging to capture what goes on in the central nervous system when people are exposed to pain while listening to music. The researchers observed music-altering brain connectivity across multiple brain regions involved in pain, memory and processing subjective emotional states."When people are listening to music they enjoy, by our measurements it can reduce the pain that we're feeling by 10%," he said. Stroman cautioned, however, that this behavior is not enough of an analgesic to avoid medication or medical services.Still, there is nothing wrong with picking a more upbeat song if that is your preference. Music provides many other health benefits, including stress reduction and a good night's sleep. Valevicius said he has embraced this balm, stating "I definitely have let myself indulge a little more in listening to music."

When Adele debuted her 2011 single "Someone Like You," her bittersweet ballad resonated with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular tunes. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of tugging at our heartstrings with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.

There is no doubt that music can soothe the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary soother for physical pain. Listening to favorite songs could reduce people's perception of pain, according to a new study published Wednesday in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.

"It doesn't take the place of Tylenol when you have a headache, but music can help take the edge off," said Patrick Stroman, a professor of biomedical and molecular sciences at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He was not involved in the latest study but has conducted his own research on the relationship between pain and music. Unlike other medications, he noted, there is no side effect or risk to listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).

The small study invited 63 young adults to bring two of their favorite songs, and the only requirement was that they needed to be at least 3 minutes and 20 seconds long. One selection represented their favorite music of all time, and the other was the song they would bring with them on a desert island. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. (The seven they could choose from were "Cotton Blues," "Jamaicare," "Légende Celtique," "Musique de Film," "Nuit Cubaine," "Reggae Calédonien" and "Sega Mizik Kèr".)

The impact of melancholy songs

Each person underwent 7-minute blocks where they were instructed to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of the seven relaxing instrumental songs (each of which lasted for 6 minutes and 40 seconds), or a scrambled version of both songs and the relaxing song chosen. The scrambled music was a noisy jumble of all three songs, cut into fragments and randomly shuffled so that they lacked their original structure. One 7-minute block had people sitting in silence. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin — to the participants' left inner forearms.

When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing an unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either, which the authors suggested was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience.

With millions of songs available, one person's favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes.

"It's a very cool result," said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. "I think it's something that myself and probably many people intuitively pick up on why we listen to bittersweet, melancholic or even spiritual music."

Frisson-inducing music may modulate pain

People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more chills — the thrill and shivers you get on your skin from listening to pleasurable music. This sensation was associated with lower ratings of unpleasantness elicited by the burning pain they felt in the experiment. While not thoroughly studied here, Valevicius said he thought those musical chills could be causing these pain-blocking effects.

While he didn't research chills in this study, Valevicius hypothesized that these sensations might be signs of sensory gating. To prevent overloading the brain with every stimulus around a person, the brain filters out any it considers redundant or irrelevant. In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music and filtering out some messages of incoming pain. While our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mind perceive the pain may not be relayed.

Your brain on music is likely tapping into the body's built-in system for regulating pain, Stroman said. The body's ability to engage emotions and feelings helps to gauge how important the pain is at that moment. Stroman and his research team recently used brain imaging to capture what goes on in the central nervous system when people are exposed to pain while listening to music. The researchers observed music-altering brain connectivity across multiple brain regions involved in pain, memory and processing subjective emotional states.

"When people are listening to music they enjoy, by our measurements it can reduce the pain that we're feeling by 10%," he said. Stroman cautioned, however, that this behavior is not enough of an analgesic to avoid medication or medical services.

Still, there is nothing wrong with picking a more upbeat song if that is your preference. Music provides many other health benefits, including stress reduction and a good night's sleep. Valevicius said he has embraced this balm, stating "I definitely have let myself indulge a little more in listening to music."

Sun, 29 Oct 2023 03:07:00 -0500 en text/html https://www.ksbw.com/article/music-could-help-you-feel-less-pain/45645224
Certain types of music could help you feel less pain, new study says

Estimated read time: 4-5 minutes

ATLANTA — When Adele debuted her 2011 single "Someone Like You," her bittersweet ballad resonated with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular tunes. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of tugging at our heartstrings with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.

There is no doubt that music can sooth the soul for some, and it turns out that it could also be a temporary soother for physical pain. Listening to favorite songs could reduce people's perception of pain, according to a new study published Wednesday in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research.

The most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.

"It doesn't take the place of Tylenol when you have a headache, but music can help take the edge off," said Patrick Stroman, a professor of biomedical and molecular sciences at Queen's University in Ontario, Canada.

Stroman was not involved in the latest study but has conducted his own research on the relationship between pain and music. He noted that, unlike other medications, there is no side effect or risk to listening to music (at appropriate volumes).

The impact of melancholy songs

Each participant in the study underwent seven-minute blocks where they were instructed to stare at a monitor screen while listening to their favorite music, one of seven relaxing instrumental songs, each of which lasted for six minutes and 40 seconds, or a scrambled version of both songs and the relaxing song chosen.

The scrambled music was a noisy jumble of all three songs, cut into fragments and randomly shuffled so that they lacked their original structure. One seven-minute block had people sitting in silence. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on your skin — to the participants' left inner forearms.

When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing song or silence. The scrambled songs did not reduce pain either, which the authors suggested was evidence of music being more than a distraction from an unpleasant experience.

After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes.

"It's a very cool result," said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. "I think it's something that myself and probably many people intuitively pick up on why we listen to bittersweet, melancholic or even spiritual music."

Chills-inducing music may modulate pain

People who listened to bittersweet songs also reported more chills — the thrill and shivers you get on your skin from listening to pleasurable music. This sensation was associated with lower ratings of unpleasantness elicited by the burning pain they felt in the experiment. While not thoroughly studied here, Valevicius said he thought those musical chills could be causing these pain-blocking effects.

While he didn't research chills in this study, Valevicius hypothesized that these sensations might be signs of sensory gating. To prevent overloading the brain with every stimulus around a person, the brain filters out any it considers redundant or irrelevant. In this case, the brain might be tuning into the music and filtering out some messages of incoming pain.

While our bodies still feel the pain, the messages to make our conscious mind perceive the pain may not be relayed.

Your brain on music is likely tapping into the body's built-in system for regulating pain, Stroman said. The body's ability to engage emotions and feelings helps to gauge how important the pain is at that moment.

Stroman and his research team recently used brain imaging to capture what goes on in the central nervous system when people are exposed to pain while listening to music. The researchers observed music-altering brain connectivity across multiple brain regions involved in pain, memory and processing subjective emotional states.

"When people are listening to music they enjoy, by our measurements it can reduce the pain that we're feeling by 10%," he said. Stroman cautioned, however, that this behavior is not enough of an analgesic to avoid medication or medical services.

Still, there is nothing wrong with picking a more upbeat song if that is your preference. Music provides many other health benefits, including stress reduction and a good night's sleep. Valevicius said he has embraced this balm, stating "I definitely have let myself indulge a little more in listening to music."

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Fri, 27 Oct 2023 23:06:00 -0500 en text/html https://www.ksl.com/article/50764837/certain-types-of-music-could-help-you-feel-less-pain-new-study-says




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