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CSQE testing - Certified Software Quality Engineer Certification (CSQE) Updated: 2023

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Exam Code: CSQE Certified Software Quality Engineer Certification (CSQE) testing November 2023 by Killexams.com team

CSQE Certified Software Quality Engineer Certification (CSQE)

The Certified Software Quality Engineer (CSQE) understands software quality development and implementation, software inspection, testing, and verification and validation; and implements software development and maintenance processes and methods.CSQEComputer Delivered – The CSQE examination is a one-part, 175-question, four-and-a-half-hour exam and is offered in English only. One hundred and sixty questions are scored and 15 are unscored.Paper and Pencil – The CSQEexamination is a one-part, 160-question, four-hour exam and is offered in English only.



Work experience must be in a full-time, paid role. Paid intern, co-op or any other course work cannot be applied toward the work experience requirement.



Candidates must have eight years of on-the-job experience in one or more of the areas of the Certified Software Quality Engineer Body of Knowledge.



A minimum of three years of this experience must be in a decision-making position. ("Decision-making" is defined as the authority to define, execute, or control projects/processes and to be responsible for the outcome. This may or may not include management or supervisory positions.)



For candidates who were certified by ASQ as a quality auditor, reliability engineer, supplier quality professional, quality engineer or quality manager, the experience used to qualify for certification in these fields applies to certification as a software quality engineer.



Here are the minimum expectations of a Certified Software Quality Engineer.


Must possess a fundamental understanding of quality philosophies, principles, methods, tools, standards, organizational and team dynamics, interpersonal relationships, professional ethics, and legal and regulatory requirements.
Must evaluate the impact of software quality management principles on business objectives and demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of developing and implementing software quality programs, which include tracking, analyzing, reporting, problem resolution, process improvement, training, and supplier management. Must have a basic understanding of how and when to perform software audits including audit planning, approaches, types, analyses, reporting results and follow-up.
Must understand systems architecture and be able to implement software development and maintenance processes, quantify the fundamental problems and risks associated with various software development methodologies, and assess, support, and implement process and technology changes.

Must be able to apply project management principles and techniques as they relate to software project planning, implementation and tracking. Must be able to evaluate and manage risk.
Must select, define and apply product and process metrics and analytical techniques, and have an understanding of measurement theory and how to communicate results.
Must have a thorough understanding of verification and validation processes, including early software defect detection and removal, inspection, and testing methods (e.g., types, levels, strategies, tools and documentation). Must be able to analyze test strategies, develop test plans and execution documents, and review customer deliverables.
Must have a basic understanding of configuration management processes, including planning, configuration identification, configuration control, change management, status accounting, auditing and reporting. Must assess the effectiveness of product release and archival processes.



Certification from ASQ is considered a mark of quality excellence in many industries. It helps you advance your career, and boosts your organizations bottom line through your mastery of quality skills. Becoming certified as a Software Quality Engineer confirms your commitment to quality and the positive impact it will have on your organization. ExaminationEach certification candidate is required to pass an examination that consists of multiple-choice questions that measure comprehension of the body of knowledge.



I. General Knowledge (16 questions)A. Benefits of Software Quality Engineering Within the OrganizationDescribe the benefits that software quality engineering can have at the organizational level. (Understand)B. Ethical and Legal Compliance 1. ASQ code of ethics for professional conductDetermine appropriate behavior in situations requiring ethical decisions, including identifying conflicts of interest, recognizing and resolving ethical issues, etc. (Evaluate)2. Regulatory and legal issuesDescribe the importance of compliance to federal, national, and statutory regulations on software development. Determine the impact of issues such as copyright, intellectual property rights, product liability, and data privacy. (Understand) C. Standards and ModelsDefine and describe the ISO 9000 and IEEE software standards, and the SEI Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) for development, services, and acquisition assessment models. (Understand)D. Leadership Skills1. Organizational leadershipUse leadership tools and techniques (e.g., organizational change management, knowledge transfer, motivation, mentoring and coaching, recognition). (Apply)2. Facilitation skillsUse facilitation and conflict resolution skills as well as negotiation techniques to manage and resolve issues. Use meeting management tools to maximize meeting effectiveness. (Apply)3. Communication skillsUse various communication methods in oral, written, and presentation formats. Use various techniques for working in multicultural environments, and
identify and describe the impact that culture and communications can have on quality. (Apply)E. Team Skills1. Team managementUse various team management skills, including assigning roles and responsibilities, identifying the classic stages of team development (forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning), monitoring and responding to group dynamics, working with diverse groups and in distributed work environments, and using techniques for working with virtual teams. (Apply)2. Team toolsUse decision-making and creativity tools such as brainstorming, nominal group technique (NGT), and multi-voting. (Apply)



II. Software Quality Management (22 questions)A. Quality Management System1. Quality goals and objectivesDesign software quality goals and objectives that are consistent with business objectives. Incorporate software quality goals and objectives into high-level program and project plans. Develop and use documents and processes necessary to support software quality management systems. (Create)2. Customers and other stakeholdersDescribe and analyze the effect of various stakeholder group requirements on software projects and products. (Analyze)3. OutsourcingDetermine the impact that outsourced services can have on organizational goals and objectives, and identify criteria for evaluating suppliers/vendors and subcontractors. (Analyze)4. Business continuity, data protection, and data managementDesign plans for business continuity, disaster recovery, business documentation and change management, information security, and protection of sensitive and personal data. (Analyze) B. Methodologies1. Cost of quality (COQ) and return on investment (ROI)Analyze COQ categories (prevention, appraisal, internal failure, external failure) and return on investment (ROI) metrics in relation to products and processes. (Analyze)2. Process improvement Define and describe elements of benchmarking, lean processes, the Six Sigma methodology, and use define, measure, act, improve, control (DMAIC) model and the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model for process improvement. (Apply)3. Corrective action procedures Evaluate corrective action procedures related to software defects, process nonconformances, and other quality system deficiencies. (Evaluate)4. Defect prevention Design and use defect prevention processes such as technical reviews, software tools and technology, and special training. (Evaluate)C. Audits1. Audit typesDefine and distinguish between various audit types, including process, compliance, supplier, and system. (Understand)2. Audit roles and responsibilitiesIdentify roles and responsibilities for audit participants including client, lead auditor, audit team members, and auditee. (Understand)3. Audit processDefine and describe the steps in conducting an audit, developing and delivering an audit report, and determining appropriate follow-up activities. (Apply)III. System and Software Engineering Processes (32 questions)A. Life Cycles and Process Models1. Waterfall software development life cycleApply the waterfall life cycle and related process models, and identify their benefits and when they are used. (Apply)2. Incremental/iterative software development life cyclesApply the incremental and iterative life cycles and related process models, and identify their benefits and when they are used. (Apply)



Agile software development life cycleApply the agile life cycle and related process models, and identify their benefits and when they are used. (Apply)B. Systems ArchitectureIdentify and describe various architectures, including embedded systems, client-server, n-tier, web, wireless, messaging, and collaboration platforms, and analyze their impact on quality. (Analyze)C. Requirements Engineering1. Product requirements Define and describe various types of product requirements, including system, feature, function, interface, integration, performance, globalization, and localization. (Understand)2. Data/information requirements Define and describe various types of data and information requirements, including data management and data integrity. (Understand)3. Quality requirements Define and describe various types of quality requirements, including reliability and usability. (Understand)


4. Compliance requirementsDefine and describe various types of regulatory and safety requirements. (Understand)5. Security requirementsDefine and describe various types of security requirements including data security, information security, cybersecurity, and data privacy. (Understand)6. Requirements elicitation methodsDescribe and use various requirements elicitation methods, including customer needs analysis, use cases, human factors studies, usability prototypes, joint application development (JAD), storyboards, etc. (Apply)7. Requirements evaluationAssess the completeness, consistency, correctness, and testability of requirements, and determine their priority. (Evaluate)D. Requirements Management1. Requirements change managementAssess the impact that changes to requirements will have on software development processes for all types of life-cycle models. (Evaluate)2. Bidirectional traceabilityUse various tools and techniques to ensure bidirectional traceability from requirements elicitation and analysis through design and testing. (Apply)E. Software Analysis, Design, and Development1. Design methodsIdentify the steps used in software design and their functions, and define and distinguish between software design methods. (Understand)2. Quality attributes and designAnalyze the impact that quality-related elements (safety, security, reliability, usability, reusability, maintainability) can have on software design. (Analyze)3. Software reuseDefine and distinguish between software reuse, reengineering, and reverse engineering, and describe the impact these practices can have on software quality. (Understand)4. Software development toolsAnalyze and select the appropriate development tools for modeling, code analysis, requirements management, and documentation. (Analyze)F. Maintenance Management1. Maintenance typesDescribe the characteristics of corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive maintenance types. (Understand)2. Maintenance strategyDescribe various factors affecting the strategy for software maintenance, including service-level agreements (SLAs), short- and long-term costs, maintenance releases, and product discontinuance, and their impact on software quality. (Understand)3. Customer feedback managementDescribe the importance of customer feedback management including quality of product support and post-delivery issues analysis and resolution. (Understand)IV. Project Management (22 questions)A. Planning, Scheduling, and Deployment1. Project planningUse forecasts, resources, schedules, task and cost estimates, etc., to develop project plans. (Apply)2. Work breakdown structure (WBS) Use work breakdown structure (WBS) in scheduling and monitoring projects. (Apply)3. Project deploymentUse various tools, including milestones, objectives achieved, and task duration to set goals and deploy the project. (Apply)



B. Tracking and Controlling1. Phase transition controlUse various tools and techniques such as entry/exit criteria, quality gates, Gantt charts, integrated master schedules, etc., to control phase transitions. (Apply)2. Tracking methodsCalculate project-related costs, including earned value, deliverables, productivity, etc., and track the results against project baselines. (Apply)3. Project reviewsUse various types of project reviews such as phase-end, management, and retrospectives or post-project reviews to assess project performance and status, to review issues and risks, and to discover and capture lessons learned from the project. (Apply)4. Program reviewsDefine and describe various methods for reviewing and assessing programs in terms of their performance, technical accomplishments, resource utilization, etc. (Understand)C. Risk Management1. Risk management methodsUse risk management techniques (e.g., assess, prevent, mitigate, transfer) to evaluate project risks. (Evaluate)2. Software security risksEvaluate risks specific to software security, including deliberate attacks (hacking, sabotage, etc.), inherent defects that allow unauthorized access to data, and other security breaches. Plan appropriate responses to minimize their impact. (Evaluate)3. Safety and hazard analysisEvaluate safety risks and hazards related to software development and implementation and determine appropriate steps to minimize their impact. (Evaluate)V. Software Metrics and Analysis (19 questions)A. Process and Product Measurement1. Terminology Define and describe metric and measurement terms such as reliability, internal and external validity, explicit and derived measures, and variation. (Understand)2. Software product metricsChoose appropriate metrics to assess various software attributes (e.g., size, complexity, the amount of test coverage needed, requirements volatility, and overall system performance). (Apply)3. Software process metricsMeasure the effectiveness and efficiency of software processes (e.g., functional verification tests (FVT), cost, yield, customer impact, defect detection, defect containment, total defect containment effectiveness (TDCE), defect removal efficiency (DRE), process capability). (Apply)4. Data integrity Describe the importance of data integrity from planning through collection and analysis and apply various techniques to ensure data quality, accuracy, completeness, and timeliness. (Apply)B. Analysis and Reporting Techniques1. Metric reporting tools Using various metric representation tools, including dashboards, stoplight charts, etc., to report results. (Apply)2. Classic quality toolsDescribe the appropriate use of classic quality tools (e.g., flowcharts, Pareto charts, cause and effect diagrams, control charts, and histograms). (Apply)



3. Problem-solving toolsDescribe the appropriate use of problem solving tools (e.g., affinity and tree diagrams, matrix and activity network diagrams, root cause analysis and data flow diagrams [DFDs]). (Apply)VI. Software Verification and Validation (29 questions)A. Theory1. V&V methods Use software verification and validation methods (e.g., static analysis, structural analysis, mathematical proof, simulation, and automation) and determine which tasks should be iterated as a result of modifications. (Apply)2. Software product evaluationUse various evaluation methods on documentation, source code, etc., to determine whether user needs and project objectives have been satisfied. (Analyze)B. Test Planning and Design1. Test strategies Select and analyze test strategies (e.g., test-driven design, good-enough, risk-based, time-box, top-down, bottom-up, black-box, white-box, simulation, automation, etc.) for various situations. (Analyze) 2. Test plansDevelop and evaluate test plans and procedures, including system, acceptance, validation, etc., to determine whether project objectives are being met and risks are appropriately mitigated. (Create)3. Test designsSelect and evaluate various test designs, including fault insertion, fault-error handling, equivalence class partitioning, and boundary value. (Evaluate)4. Software testsIdentify and use various tests, including unit, functional, performance, integration, regression, usability, acceptance, certification, environmental load, stress, worst-case, perfective, exploratory, and system. (Apply)5. Tests of external products Determine appropriate levels of testing for integrating supplier, third-party, and subcontractor components and products. (Apply)6. Test coverage specificationsEvaluate the adequacy of test specifications such as functions, states, data and time domains, interfaces, security, and configurations that include internationalization and platform variances. (Evaluate)7. Code coverage techniquesUse and identify various tools and techniques to facilitate code coverage analysis techniques such as branch coverage, condition, domain, and boundary. (Apply)8. Test environmentsSelect and use simulations, test libraries, drivers, stubs, harnesses, etc., and identify parameters to establish a controlled test environment. (Analyze)9. Test toolsIdentify and use test utilities, diagnostics, automation, and test management tools. (Apply)10. Test data managementEnsure the integrity and security of test data through the use of configuration controls. (Apply)C. Reviews and InspectionsUse desk checks, peer reviews, walk-throughs, inspections, etc., to identify defects. (Apply)D. Test Execution DocumentsReview and evaluate test execution documents such as test results, defect reporting and tracking records, test completion metrics, trouble reports, and input/output specifications. (Evaluate)



VII. Software Configuration Management (20 questions)A. Configuration Infrastructure1. Configuration management teamDescribe the roles and responsibilities of a configuration management group. (Understand) (NOTE: The roles and responsibilities of the configuration control board [CCB] are covered in area VII.C.2.)2. Configuration management toolsDescribe configuration management tools as they are used for managing libraries, build systems, and defect tracking systems. (Understand)3. Library processes Describe dynamic, static, and controlled library processes and related procedures, such as check-in/check-out, and merge changes. (Understand)B. Configuration Identification 1. Configuration items Describe software configuration items (baselines, documentation, software code, equipment) and identification methods (naming conventions, versioning schemes). (Understand)2. Software builds and baselinesDescribe the relationship between software builds and baselines, and describe methods for controlling builds and baselines (automation, new versions). (Understand)C. Configuration Control and Status Accounting1. Item change and version controlDescribe processes for documentation control, item change tracking, version control that are used to manage various configurations, and describe processes used to manage configuration item dependencies in software builds and versioning. (Understand)2. Configuration control board (CCB)Describe the roles, responsibilities and processes of the CCB. (Understand) (NOTE: The roles and responsibilities of the configuration management team are covered in area VII.A.1.)3. Concurrent developmentDescribe the use of configuration management control principles in concurrent development processes. (Understand)4. Status accountingDiscuss various processes for establishing, maintaining, and reporting the status of configuration items, such as baselines, builds, and tools. (Understand)D. Configuration AuditsDefine and distinguish between functional and physical configuration audits and how they are used in relation to product specification. (Understand) E. Product Release and Distribution 1. Product releaseAssess the effectiveness of product release processes (planning, scheduling, defining hardware and software dependencies). (Evaluate)2. Customer deliverablesAssess the completeness of customer deliverables including packaged and hosted or downloadable products, license keys and user documentation, and marketing and training materials. (Evaluate)3. Archival processesAssess the effectiveness of source and release archival processes (backup planning and scheduling, data retrieval, archival of build environments, retention of historical records, offsite storage). (Evaluate)
Certified Software Quality Engineer Certification (CSQE)
Quality-Assurance Certification testing

Other Quality-Assurance exams

CQIA Certified Quality Improvement Associate
CSQA Certified Software Quality Analyst (CSQA)
CSQE Certified Software Quality Engineer Certification (CSQE)
ICBB IASSC Certified Lean Six Sigma Black Belt
ICGB IASSC Certified Lean Six Sigma Green Belt
ICYB IASSC Certified Lean Six Sigma Yellow Belt

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Quality-Assurance
CSQE
Certified Software Quality Engineer Certification
(CSQE)
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/CSQE
(A) Engineering effort
(B) Code coverage
(C) Customer surveys
(D) Process maturity
Answer: A
Question: 84
During a functional configuration audit, a software auditors principal responsibility is to
verify that the
(A) product meets specifications
(B) processes used in software development were performed
(C) documentation of the product satisfies the contract
(D) documentation accurately represents the product
Answer: A
Question: 85
An architectural model should be used to
(A) document design procedures
(B) develop a system design
(C) verify code
(D) deploy a system model
Answer: B
Question: 86
According to ISO 9001, quality records must be maintained in order to
(A) demonstrate achievement of the required quality and the effective operation of the
quality system
(B) demonstrate progress in accordance with the associated quality plan
(C) justify the current funding and staffing of the quality organization
31
(D) demonstrate that the design and coding activities have alleviated the need for unit
testing
Answer: A
Question: 87
Which of the following is NOT a requirement of an effective software environment?
(A) Ease of use
(B) Capacity for incremental implementation
(C) Capability of evolving with the needs of a project
(D) Inclusion of advanced tools
Answer: D
Question: 88
Which of the following is the best resource for validation testing of an object-oriented
system?
(A) PERT charts
(B) Use case scenarios
(C) Entity relationship diagrams
(D) Decomposition matrices
Answer: B
Question: 89
A customer satisfaction survey used the following rating scale: 1 = very satisfied 2 =
satisfied 3 = neutral 4 = dissatisfied 5 = very dissatisfied This is an example of which of
the following measurement scales?
(A) Nominal
(B) Ordinal
(C) Ratio
(D) Interval
32
Answer: B
33
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Quality-Assurance Certification testing - BingNews https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/CSQE Search results Quality-Assurance Certification testing - BingNews https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/CSQE https://killexams.com/exam_list/Quality-Assurance Software Quality Assurance Engineer

Software quality assurance engineers and testers oversee the quality of a piece of software's development over its entire life cycle.

Sample of Reported Job Titles

Quality Assurance Analyst (QA Analyst), Quality Assurance Director (QA Director), Software Quality Assurance Engineer (SQA Engineer), Software Quality Engineer, Product Assurance Engineer, Software Test Engineer

Software quality assurance engineers and testers have an eye for detail and are committed to improving the performance of the products a company sells. They ensure that the software packages being sold meet or exceed the customer's expectations in performance and value. The biggest software companies spend millions of dollars of their budget on hiring quality software assurance engineers to head their quality assurance departments. This money is well spent, because the software quality assurance engineer will make sure that the product is top quality before it is marketed and sold.

A software quality assurance engineer is involved in the entire software development process to ensure the quality of the final product. This can include processes such as requirements gathering and documentation, source code control, code review, change management, configuration management, release management and the genuine testing of the software. Software quality assurance is often confused with software testing, but should not be. Testing is a big part of software quality assurance, but it is not, by any means, the only part of it.

Software quality assurance engineers must be familiar with the entire software development life cycle in order to be effective. They may start out as software engineers or as testing engineers. They should have strong communication skills, be good at documenting their work, and must be able to work well with different groups. They often become the middle person between the developers and the customers, so they need to be able to understand, and convey, both viewpoints. In addition to running tests, software quality assurance engineers diagnose problems, recommend solutions, and determine whether program requirements have been met.

Educational Requirements

Training requirements vary depending on the job, but many employers prefer applicants who have a bachelor’s degree in computer science, or a similar degree.

Median Salary 2018

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary of a Software Quality Assurance Engineer & Tester in 2018 was $90,270.

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Information retrieved from Science Buddies: Software Quality Assurance Engineer & Tester, O*NET Online: Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers.

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Quality assurance in radiation

Quality assurance consists of structured procedures and actions aimed at maintaining a high level of quality diagnosis or treatment of patients. Increasing complexity of medical technology requires specialized and systematic verifications to ensure quality and effectiveness and avoid accidents.

Diagnostic imaging

Nuclear medicine and diagnostic radiology provide crucial information for an accurate diagnosis of patients. To ensure adequate diagnostic information can be delivered while radiation exposure of patients is minimized, quality assurance covers infrastructures, human resources and procedures.

Radiation treatment

The precision and accuracy of radiotherapeutic or metabolic treatments are essential for them to be efficient. Many parameters affect the outcome of radiation treatment. Structured quality assurance procedures may help minimize side-effects for patients, while optimizing treatment delivery.

Education and training

To achieve and maintain a high level of quality and effectiveness in diagnostic imaging and radiation treatment, education and training are crucial. Clinically qualified medical physicists and radiological medical practitioners are the experts that are responsible for applying quality assurance procedures in the clinical environment.

Research and development

International collaboration among scientists through coordinated research projects helps countries to be involved in the development and testing of new quality assurance procedures. The IAEA facilitates such initiatives and ensures that the research results are freely available to all Member States.

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10 Best Online Courses for Project Management in 2023

Looking to enhance your project management skills? Check out our list of the best online project management courses that offer comprehensive training.

Are you looking for the best project management certification course to help you advance your career or just looking to learn project management to Improve your skills? In this article, we selected and reviewed the best online project management courses, certifications and training — self-paced and instructor-led, free and paid — for professionals of all skill levels.

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Top online courses for project management: Comparison chart

Here is a feature summary of the best online courses for project management.

Udemy: Beginner to PROject Manager

Created by 365 Careers, this Beginner to PROject Manager course is a bestseller on Udemy. This course teaches you how to use Gantt charts, critical path methods, project plans and budgets. It also includes 15+ project management templates that you can use to create your own projects. The course is structured in a step-by-step manner, starting with the basics of project management and gradually moving towards more advanced courses such as MS Excel for project management, agile project management and scrum, as well as agile and waterfall.

Course details

Price $109
Time to complete 7h 17m
Prerequisites required No prior experience is required.
Difficulty Beginner
Flexible schedule This is a self-paced course, meaning you can study it at your own convenience.
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? Anyone interested in project management

Udacity: Digital Project Management

​​Digital Project Management is a nanodegree program taught by Walyce Almeida, a program manager at AWS and hosted on Udacity. This course is designed for those looking to learn about project management processes, tools, principles and practices. The digital project management course teaches you foundational project management concepts. In this course, you will learn how to translate business requirements into a project scope statement, build project plans in waterfall or agile and develop a high-performing team.

Some of the skills you’ll learn include:

  • Cost-benefit analysis.
  • Project risk mitigation.
  • Scrum and scrum boards.
  • S.M.A.R.T. goals.
  • Requirements gathering.
  • Professional portfolios.
  • Project execution, status reporting, scoping, closure and scheduling.
  • Waterfall project management.
  • Project management artifacts.

Course details

Price You need a Udacity subscription to access this course. Pricing starts at $249 per user per month.
Time to complete 4 weeks
Prerequisites required No experience is required.
Difficulty This is a beginner-level course.
Flexible schedule This is a self-paced course. You can schedule your study time based on your availability.
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? This course is designed for beginners and intermediate.

Colorado State University: Online Project Management

This course is powered by Colorado State University. It’s created for project managers, project coordinators and business analysts who want to advance their project management skills or those preparing for the Project Management Professional exam in order to earn the Certified Project Management Professional or the Certified Associate Project Manager certificate.

The program is structured to engage participants in a collaborative learning process, allowing them to earn project management education credits (contact hours) that count towards their eligibility for the PMP exam. Throughout the learning process, participants can earn points by participating in weekly discussions, engaging in team exercises and completing quizzes, which help track their progress.

In this course, you will learn:

  • Project life cycle phases, process groups, and knowledge areas — according to the PMI Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)® Guide (7th edition).
  • How to manage project scope, risk, communications and integration management.
  • Project management language and processes.

Course details

Price $3,395
Time to complete 16 weeks
Prerequisites required Students must purchase A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), 7th Edition.
Flexible schedule Limited flexibility due to the live classes
Difficulty Intermediate/advance
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? Those with various experience levels as project managers, project coordinators and business analysts

Simplilearn: PMP Certification Training Course

Simplilearn’s PMP Certification Training Course is designed to help professionals prepare for and pass the PMP certification exam. The course covers various aspects of project management and the instructors train you based on the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) 7th edition and the latest certification exam content outline.

The PMP Certification Training Course gives you access to digital materials from PMI, such as audio-video content, ebooks, assessments and participant guides. It also includes nine full-length simulation test papers with 180 questions each, as well as 35 contact hours with live virtual sessions.

Course details

Price $399
Time to complete 3 months
Prerequisites required
  • A secondary degree (high school diploma, associate's degree or equivalent) with 7,500 hours leading and directing projects
  • A minimum of five years of project management experience or a four-year degree with at least three years of experience in project management
  • Completed 35 hours of project management education
Flexible schedule Limited flexibility – combines live sessions and self-learning
Difficulty Advance
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course?
  • Project managers
  • Associate/Assistant project managers
  • Team leads/Team managers
  • Project executives/Project engineers
  • Software developers

Master of Project Academy: Project Management Training Bundle - 6 Courses

This six-in-one course bundle provides comprehensive training on project management. The bundle includes the following courses:

  • PMP certification training: It will prepare you for the PMP certification exam.
  • Microsoft project training: You will learn how to use Microsoft Project to plan, track and manage projects.
  • Agile scrum certification training: This course will teach you the principles and practices of agile scrum methodology.
  • PMP exams and math lectures: It covers the essential math concepts and formulas needed to pass the PMP certification exam.
  • Free PMP training: Offers a comprehensive overview of project management concepts and techniques, key principles and best practices.
  • Free agile scrum training: This course introduces agile methodology and the scrum framework.

Whether you’re new to project management or looking to enhance your skills and knowledge, this bundle is a carefully curated resource designed to help you excel in your project management career.

Course details

Price Pricing starts at $137 per month. You can also choose to pay $770 for one year of access or $1,247 for lifetime access.
Time to complete 70+ hours
Prerequisites required No prerequisites required.
Flexible schedule Yes
Difficulty All levels - beginner, intermediate and advanced
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? This course is ideal for beginners and seasoned project managers looking to upskill.

Coursera: Engineering Project Management Specialization

Authored by experts from Rice Center for Engineering Leadership, this course is designed for professionals looking to specialize in engineering project management. This course will teach you how to initiate and plan engineering projects and provide tools to develop a project scope, schedule and budget. You’ll also learn how to manage risks, control the quality of the deliverables, engage and manage people and procure goods and services.

Course details

Price $49 per month
Time to complete 2 months at 10 hours a week
Prerequisites required No prerequisites required.
Flexible schedule Self-paced
Difficulty Beginner
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? Professional engineers who are interested in advancing into leadership and management roles.

Pluralsight: Project Management for Software Engineers

If you’re a software engineer with a knack for organization and leadership, you might find this project management course authored by Michael Krasowski interesting. The course teaches you the practical elements of working with customers, people, technology and processes. You’ll learn project management fundamentals, planning, control and execution.

Course details

Price You will need a Pluralsight membership at $29 per month.
Time to complete 4h 50m
Prerequisites required No prerequisites required
Flexible schedule Self-paced
Difficulty Beginner
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? Software engineers

Cybrary: Enterprise Project Management

Cybrary’s enterprise project management is designed for those who have achieved the PMP credential through PMI or those pursuing PMP certification. This course covers several project management aspects, including:

  • Projects, operations and organizational progress.
  • Building a project charter.
  • Project planning, execution and closure.
  • Organizational structures and agile planning.
  • Business analysis and complex modeling.
  • Enterprise project planning, execution and governance.
  • Enterprise change management.
  • Case studies.

Course details

Price Free
Time to complete 5h 53m
Prerequisites required No prerequisites required
Flexible schedule Self-paced
Difficulty Intermediate
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? PMPs and aspiring PMPs

PRINCE2 6th Edition Foundation

Another great course for beginners is the Prince2 6th Edition Foundation online course. Prince2 has over 500K graduates worldwide and is a recognized leading project management course provider. This course will teach you how to create a business case, plan and manage change, as well as quality assurance, project scoping and deliverables.

Course details

Price $1,185.75 for one-year access
Time to complete 20 hours
Prerequisites required No prerequisites required
Flexible schedule Yes
Difficulty Beginner
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? Project managers and professionals supporting projects

Cornell University: Project Management Certificate Program

Unlike the other project management courses we have reviewed so far, Cornell’s Project Management Certificate Program is an instructor-led online PM certification course. The program is designed for professionals who want to enhance their knowledge of project management. You will acquire 50 project management education hours towards your PMP certification when you complete this course.

Course details

Price $2,730 or $830 per month
Time to complete 3 months at 3–5 hours per week
Prerequisites required Knowledge of project management
Flexible schedule No - Instructor-led course
Difficulty Intermediate/advanced
Includes Verified certificate of participation Yes
Who should take this course? Team leaders, managers and aspiring PMPs

Tips for choosing the right project management course

When shopping for the best project management course for you, it’s essential to identify your learning goals. For instance, if you want to advance your career or look for higher-paying jobs, certification courses such as PMP or PRINCE2 can enhance your credibility and job prospects in the field. Your current professional stage and knowledge level will help you determine the kind of course to select:

  • Zero or limited project management knowledge? Go for a beginner course.
  • Need to widen your knowledge? Intermediate PM courses may help you align with the current industry trends.
  • Need advanced certification to advance your career? Look for PMP courses from recognized providers similar to the ones we listed above.

Before settling for a particular course and provider, make sure you do your due diligence.

  • Review the course syllabus.
  • Consider the course delivery method, duration and flexibility.
  • Consider the instructor’s qualifications and expertise.
  • Consider the cost of the course and weigh it against the value you’ll gain.

Ensure that the course provider is accredited by a recognized body in the field of project management, such as the Project Management Institute, Certified International Project Manager or Certified Associate in Project Management.

Frequently asked questions about online project management courses

We answered some commonly asked questions about online PM courses to help you determine the best course for you.

Which is the best certification for project management?

The best project management certification for you depends on your current career goals, experience level and industry. Whether you’re a beginner, intermediate or expert, the courses we analyzed in this guide are top-tiers and are suitable for different experience levels.

Is a PMP course worth it?

Yes, it is worth it 100%. For example, obtaining a project management professional certification can provide several benefits, such as career advancement, increased earning potential and industry recognition.

Are there free online project management courses?

Yes, there are several free project management courses. Cybrary’s enterprise project management is a free project management course.

Are online project management courses accredited, and does accreditation matter?

Not all online project management courses are accredited, and accreditation can be an important factor to consider when choosing a course.

Accreditation matters because it assures that a reputable organization has evaluated the course or certification program and meets recognized industry standards. Accredited courses are more likely to be recognized and accepted by employers and professional organizations.

What is the difference between project management certifications and online courses?

Project management certifications are designed to validate your knowledge and expertise in project management — they usually require passing an exam. They may have prerequisites, such as a certain number of hours of project management experience. Conversely, online courses are educational programs that provide you with knowledge and skills in project management. They may or may not lead to a certification.

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 11:51:00 -0600 en-US text/html https://www.techrepublic.com/article/online-project-management-courses/
This Olympia cannabis testing lab just got its certification suspended. Here’s why No result found, try new keyword!Washington state suspended the certification of a Thurston County cannabis testing lab on Tuesday ... The lab conducted quality assurance tests on cannabis and cannabis products in the state ... Wed, 25 Oct 2023 23:36:00 -0500 https://www.theolympian.com/news/local/article281053053.html India's Quality Control on Steel Imports

Synopsis:

India has introduced a new requirement for the importation of steel, necessitating approval from the Ministry of Steel for all steel imports that do not have a certification from the Bureau of Indian Standards. Importers are now required to apply for clarification for each steel consignment through the Quality Control Order (QCO) Portal. The move aims to ensure all imported steel products comply with national quality standards and are accompanied by a mill test certificate and the requisite BIS marking.

Article:

In a bid to tighten quality control over steel imports, the Indian government has rolled out a regulation mandating that importers of non-BIS-certified steel obtain specific approval from the Ministry of Steel. This step ensures that all steel products entering India meet the high standards set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

Importers are now compelled to apply for each steel shipment through the QCO Portal, a platform set up specifically for this purpose. The QCO stipulates that all imported steel must bear a BIS license or certification, a mill test certificate, and be marked with an ISI and BIS license number, confirming its adherence to Indian quality standards.

To facilitate this directive, the Ministry of Steel established a technical committee in October 2018, tasked with reviewing and analyzing applications for the issuance of clarifications regarding the BIS certification status of imported steel products.

Under the current policy framework, BIS certification can be obtained by qualified foreign steel manufacturers, ensuring that their products are eligible for the Indian market. Once steel arrives in India from a BIS-certified source, it undergoes a verification process by government officials at Indian ports before it can be released for sale within the country.

Conclusion:

The Indian government's new mandate for steel imports is a strategic move to bolster the quality of steel entering the market, safeguarding the industry and consumers alike. By necessitating Ministry of Steel approval for non-BIS-certified steel imports, India is reinforcing its commitment to high standards and quality assurance in its rapidly growing steel sector.

Sun, 05 Nov 2023 15:17:00 -0600 en text/html https://www.steelguru.com/steel/indias-quality-control-on-steel-imports
Rebalancing Test And Yield In IC Manufacturing

Balancing yield and test is essential to semiconductor manufacturing, but it’s becoming harder to determine how much weight to supply one versus the other as chips become more specialized for different applications.

Yield focuses on maximizing the number of functional chips from a production batch, while test aims to ensure that each chip meets rigorous quality and performance standards. And while effective testing protocols are necessary to maintain high standards of quality and reliability — especially for critical applications — they must be managed in a way that does not unnecessarily diminish yield.

This dynamic can lead to conflicts. Extensive testing can reduce yield by identifying more chips as non-functional or marginal. At the same time, efforts to maximize yield might lead to less stringent testing, potentially allowing sub-par chips to pass.

“The real question is around the tradeoffs between test cost and time and device quality,” says Nir Sever, senior director of business development at proteanTecs. “The more you test, the better quality you get, and vice versa.”

Fig. 1: Outliers for a particular device are flagged when measured and estimated Iddq values are compared. Source: proteanTecs
Fig. 1: Outliers for a particular device are flagged when measured and estimated Iddq values are compared. Source: proteanTecs

Yield is essentially a success gauge, measuring the rate of devices passing all tests. Fault models traditionally have been used to predict and simulate potential defects and their impact on a semiconductor device. But inherent limitations in these fault models, combined with increasingly complex process requirements at advanced nodes, means that yield no longer can be completely assured solely through design-phase optimizations. Extensive functional testing is increasingly required to identify and mitigate unforeseen defects.

“This is a big course that is sorely misunderstood by the vast majority of the industry,” says Dave Armstrong, principal test strategist at Advantest. “The conventional thought is that test drives yield, and they’re actually somewhat different. They work together, certainly. The more tests you do, the lower your yield is going to be, by definition. However, it’s important to understand that more testing doesn’t necessarily mean you’re going to get more good parts at the end of the day.”

No single set of tests can identify all possible failures. Faulty dies sometimes evade detection during test, leading to latent failures in the field, and those faults can be the result of a variety of errors, including design errors, process variation, contaminants, and even packaging. Failures also can develop in the field if a device is used in a way for which it was not designed, such as AI/ML, which utilizes more compute resources for longer stretches of time than other types of processing.

“The amount that’s tested is driven by the fault models,” says Armstrong. “But there are some accurate papers that say those fault models are not very good. As a consequence, even if we test 100% of everything in the fault models, we’re still not going to be getting very good yield.”

With fault models, expectations are established upfront for what tests are trying to find. Test engineers establish parameters for what they’re concerned about. Sometimes they find issues, which is what the test is supposed to highlight. But that is not particularly useful when the device is already being used in the field.

“The testing community is well aware of this notion of fortuitous defect detection, where what we model and what we use to guide test generation does not very well match what’s actually happening in the silicon,” says Shawn Blanton, associate department head for research in electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon.

Blanton and his colleagues published a paper last year based on an analysis of 30,000 failed chips. Their research shows that existing fault models and test metrics can miss up to 95% of timing-independent combinational (TIC) defects. [1]

“That’s a stunning statistic — and scary, because everything we’ve been doing for years has been based on these faults models,” says Armstrong. “You have good parts that pass these fault tests, and that can supply you good yield but still not cover these faults.”

In addition, as circuits age, various stresses reveal latent defects, process variation, errors, and failures. This unpredictability underscores the need for comprehensive functional testing, a process essential for quality assurance, as well as for the safety and reliability of critical applications.

“Test time reduction also plays a role in test development to help reduce overall costs,” says Guy Cortez, senior staff product marketing manager at Synopsys. “But techniques to reduce test time are not typically done for quality-sensitive devices, as there may be a risk of not fully testing a device if you are trying to also reduce the test time.”

For example, as automobiles increasingly are packed with complex computing capabilities, there is greater pressure to weed out potentially defective dies — both immediate and latent — while keeping costs in check.

“The amount of testing depends on the application,” says proteanTecs’ Sever. “Mission-critical applications will require more quality and will bear the cost of more testing. In other applications, where cost is the most important factor and some DPPM levels are allowed, you may decide to spend less time on test.”

This balancing act presents a ripe challenge for device engineers, calling for a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between exhaustive testing, yield optimization, and device quality.

“You always want some later-stage test to validate what you’re doing,” says Marc Jacobs, product management advisor at PDF Solutions. “Depending on the product, you can do system-level test, either as a qualification or new product introduction step — or, if it was important enough, you run system-level test in mass production. But now that’s kind of like a turtles-all-the-way-down problem. You say, let’s do a system level test, and if you do system level test, then you can check that your functional test is good, but only as long as your system level test is also good. It’s a challenge.”

More functional testing
The trend of packing increasingly numerous functions onto a single chip, coupled with escalating structural complexity, necessitates a corresponding increase in both the variety and quantity of testing steps. It requires more functional testing prior to packaging, more system-level test, and more thorough testing of every die. This escalation in testing requirements invariably leads to higher test costs and longer test times, which in turn negatively impacts yield.

“One of the biggest challenges with functional testing is that you don’t know what the quality of that functional test is,” says Blanton. “At the structural level, you get a sense of how well you’re doing. Of the things I’m thinking about that can go wrong, I get 98% or 99% of them. With functional tests, there’s no equivalent to that. You don’t know when enough is enough. What else is out there? That’s sort of the holy grail, to tie functional tests to some kind of metric that allows you to say this functional test is better than that functional test, or we’ve done enough, or we’re at 99%. That doesn’t exist at all.”

“Customers need to run a dramatic number of tests in less and less test time, and this means they have to be really thoughtful about how they organize their test workflow,” said Robert Manion, vice president and general manager of the Semiconductor and Electronics Business Unit at NI, an Emerson company. “That’s true in the validation space as a time-to-market item, and it’s also true in the production test space as a cost-of-test item.”

The tests themselves are becoming more challenging, too. “Test complexity is increasing exponentially,” says Thomas Uhrmann, director of business development at EV Group. “You can have everything in place that to find what a known good die actually is, but you still need to probe every die. You still have testbeds, you still can do electrical testing, you still can burn-in everything, but now you have to deal with functionality.”

So at what point does increased functional testing become unviable? While it’s theoretically possible to conduct functional tests at any point along the line, that much testing would be cost- and time-prohibitive, which would impact yield. Plus, at every point along the line, there’s the opportunity for more failure.

“What do you actually want to include in these tests? It strongly depends on the devices,” said Uhrmann. “That’s what makes it so complicated. The whole testing strategy is inherently linked to the application complexity and how you build it, and it’s why you’re doing the integration. If you really want to do functional tests of different dies, it has to be on an assembly level later on. Otherwise, from a cost perspective. it’s not going to work.”

There is also a need to identify potential physical defects in chips to preserve quality over time, and those defects cannot be found in fault models.

“You may have a device that will pass functional tests, but when you look at it and the expected lifetime of 5 to 20 years, now you’re going, ‘Oh, this passed fine, but I had a big hole and it didn’t flow properly at the conductive layer, and now I’m going to run into a failure problem with it,” said Brad Perkins, product line director at Nordson Test & Inspection. “On the design end you get design for test and all that process, but none of that can account for process errors. You can’t use design for test for process errors. That’s a really critical piece of looking at device functionality.”

Quality vs. yield
A key point of contention in semiconductor manufacturing is the tradeoff between achieving high yield and ensuring high quality. The lines on both sides are less than clear, and they may vary by application and use case. Ensuring quality in semiconductors requires an array of tests to ensure device integrity. But it’s no longer a simple assessment of “good units” versus “bad units.” The big shift is toward a more sophisticated, data science-driven investigation that seeks to identify and address a broad spectrum of factors.

Engineers must constantly weigh the tradeoffs between test cost, time, and quality. The choice often hinges on the application’s criticality. Mission-critical applications justify extensive testing despite higher costs, while cost-sensitive applications might allow for lesser testing, accepting a certain degree of defective parts per million (DPPM).

“Test development and yield are somewhat complementary in that yield tracks the success rate in all of the passing tests,” says Synopsys’ Cortez. “For example, if all tests performed on devices on the tester pass, then you have 100% yield. However, high yield does not necessarily mean high quality. The more robust and comprehensive the tests are, the more likely the device is exhaustively tested. The tradeoff becomes exhaustively testing a device, which increases your confidence in the quality of the device at the cost of test time.”

A fundamental challenge in semiconductor manufacturing is balancing exhaustive device testing and test duration. While comprehensive tests boost confidence in device quality, they also prolong the testing process. Industries where high-quality devices are non-negotiable face a big challenge here. Test time reduction becomes a strategic objective to manage costs without compromising quality.

“There is a constant tension between engineers who are pushing for greater test and HVM managers who are trying to achieve yield,” says Armstrong. “Where does that tension lie? The bottom line.”

Cortez agrees. “While high yield may be a predictor of high quality, quality measures taken during test often run counter to achieving the highest yield possible,” he said.

New test techniques
Several nuanced techniques have been developed to reduce test times and identify defects, and to do that while preserving device quality and without slowing production or negatively impacting yield. Each has its strengths and weaknesses.

The Portable Stimulus Standard (PSS) is a relatively accurate innovation in the field of semiconductor design and verification. Developed and maintained by Accellera, PSS allows engineers to describe test scenarios at a high level of abstraction. This means the test scenarios are not tightly coupled with the specifics of any particular test platform or environment. They can be written once and then used across various platforms and stages of the semiconductor design and verification process.

A major advantage of PSS is the ability to re-use test scenarios and automatically generate test cases from those scenarios. While PSS offers considerable advantages for testing, it does have a steep learning curve, particularly with defining complex test scenarios. There also are some integration challenges with existing processes, which are being addressed by EDA vendors and their customers today, along with potentially high costs. Still, PSS is gaining traction, although unusually quietly.

Deep data-based testing is another new approach that seeks to balance test quality and speed. In-chip monitors collect data during tests, feeding it into a machine learning-driven data analytics platform. This approach aims to reduce test times while maintaining or even enhancing quality levels, and represents a significant advancement over traditional methods.

“This is done by training models on the cloud to correlate in-chip measurements of ‘good devices’ and deploy those models on the ATE,” adds Sever. “There, a whole set of personalized outlier detection and smart prediction algorithms are deployed, which reduce test time and detect faults that cannot be observed by traditional scan-based testing.”

Deep data-based testing offers significant benefits in terms of insight and efficiency in semiconductor manufacturing. The major drawback is the need to manage and analyze large volumes of data.

Another widely used technique is known as “good die in bad neighborhood,” which looks for groupings or clusters of failed die/devices and purposely removes or bins out those passing devices that just neighbor the failed devices since there is a likelihood that something is wrong in that part of the wafer. Although the neighboring devices may have passed the requisite tests, it is safer to throw away those devices that can decrease yield, providing higher-quality devices that remain.

Known good die
Yield is defined both with tests and with a fab’s ability to deliver product to meet a goal. But there are two different yields to consider. One is the yield against DFT, while the other is yield for known good die. As advanced packaging becomes more popular, and as chiplets become common — especially commercially available chiplets — then known good die will become standard for determining yield. There is just not going to be any way around that.

“We should stop thinking of this tension as test versus yield, because you don’t get one or the other,” says Armstrong. “The real problem is yield versus known good die. Yield is implicit with test, because today we do all this testing to a certain yield. But we’re not necessarily identifying parts that are known good die, because that’s not based on faults. It’s based on actually meeting the application needs. This is a revolutionary change to digital device testing. People are seeing that structural test is fine, but it’s just the beginning. In order to really provide value-add, we need a bigger castle, which means more test time and more cost to the bottom line, but the value-add is constrained by the inputs we get. If the inputs don’t go far enough, either in the DFT, the functional, or whatever domain, then we can’t provide value. It’s like a fundamental premise of what we’re doing is broken, and we need to go back to square one.”

Conclusion
The semiconductor industry continues to grapple with the intertwined complexities of test development, device testing, and yield optimization. These challenges are intensifying with the increasing complexity of products. As the industry evolves, a holistic and innovative approach to testing and quality assurance will become increasingly central to its success. The stakes are high, and addressing these challenges head-on will be crucial for the continued advancement of semiconductor technology.

References

1. Li, Wei & Nigh, Chris & Duvalsaint, Danielle & Mitra, Subhasish & Blanton, R.D.. (2022). PEPR: Pseudo-Exhaustive Physically-Aware Region Testing. 314-323. 10.1109/ITC50671.2022.00083.

Related Reading
Optimizing Scan Test For Complex ICs
New techniques for improving coverage throughout a chip’s lifetime.
Mission-Critical Devices Drive System-Level Test Expansion
SLT walks a fine line between preventing more failures and rising test costs.


Mon, 06 Nov 2023 10:01:00 -0600 en-US text/html https://semiengineering.com/rebalancing-test-and-yield-in-ic-manufacturing/
ICAEW: Best results yet for the largest audit firms but still room for higher quality across all audit firms No result found, try new keyword!Some 95% of non-Public Interest Entity audits reviewed at the largest seven firms in 2022/2023 were rated ‘good’ or ‘generally acceptable’, ICAEW’s Professional Standards Department’s annual Audit ... Thu, 16 Nov 2023 00:15:01 -0600 en-us text/html https://www.msn.com/ Report raises concerns about tracing water quality, salmon safety

U.S. Democratic Rep. Derek Kilmer announced Thursday he won’t run next year for reelection, setting off what could be a scramble as a rare Washington congressional seat opens up.

U.S. Rep. Derek Kilmer
U.S. Rep. Derek Kilmer

Since 2012, Kilmer has been elected to Washington’s 6th Congressional District, which includes the Olympic Peninsula and runs across Puget Sound into parts of Tacoma. Born in Port Angeles, Kilmer spent several years in the Washington Legislature before his election to Congress. He sits on the House Appropriations Committee.

In a statement shared on Twitter, Kilmer said that it was time to start a new chapter in life. He recounted writing letters to his children from Washington over the years.

And, “In a letter I recently shared with my kids, I told them what I am now telling the folks I represent: I will not seek re-election next year,” he wrote.

“I never intended for this chapter to be something I’d do for the rest of my life, and – as I shared with my kids – I’m excited to start a new chapter when my term is complete,” he added later.

Known as a moderate Democrat, Kilmer’s work has included sponsoring legislation to get better access to funding for Native American tribes for relocation and amid climate change and rising sea levels. His statement touted efforts to get a new veterans clinic built and protect Puget Sound, among other things.

An email seeking comment to Kilmer’s campaign wasn’t immediately returned.

Within hours of Kilmer's Thursday afternoon announcement, two state senators said they were considering jumping in.

State Rep. Emily Randall, D-Bremerton, said she is “seriously considering” running for the seat.

“It is an opportunity that I cannot help but consider,” said Randall, adding that “It wasn’t in my plan.”

Kilmer called her about an hour before making his announcement, said Randall. She praised Kilmer’s work, particularly his efforts at constituent services, and she touted her own work at the Legislature to expand healthcare programs

“We’ve done good stuff here in Washington, and the opportunity to have an impact on a broader scale is definitely interesting,” she said.

Meanwhile, Sen. Drew MacEwen, a Republican from the town of Union in Mason County, said he is also seriously considering a bid.

"I am giving serious consideration to running for the 6th congressional district," MacEwen said in a message on social media. "Will be discussing with family and supporters and making a decision very soon."

Wed, 15 Nov 2023 07:24:00 -0600 en text/html https://crosscut.com/briefs/2023/11/report-raises-concerns-about-tracing-water-quality-salmon-safety




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