ATTA test - Advanced Level Technical Test Analyst Updated: 2023
ATTA Advanced Level Technical Test Analyst
Exam ID : ATTA
Exam Title : Advanced Technical Test Analyst (ASTQB)
Number of Questions in test : 45
Passig Score : 65%
Exam Type : Multiple Choice Questions
- Summarize the generic risk factors that the Technical Test Analyst typically needs to consider.
- Summarize the activities of the Technical Test Analyst within a risk-based approach for testing activities.
- Write test cases from a given specification item by applying the Statement testing test technique to achieve a defined level of coverage.
- Write test cases from a given specification item by applying the Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) test technique to achieve coverage.
- Write test cases from a given specification item by applying the Multiple Condition testing test technique to achieve a defined level of coverage.
- Write test cases from a given specification item by applying McCabe's Simplified Baseline Method.
- Understand the applicability of API testing and the kinds of defects it finds.
- Select an appropriate white-box test technique according to a given project situation.
- Use control flow analysis to detect if code has any control flow anomalies.
- Explain how data flow analysis is used to detect if code has any data flow anomalies.
- Propose ways to Improve the maintainability of code by applying static analysis.
- Explain the use of call graphs for establishing integration testing strategies.
- Apply dynamic analysis to achieve a specified goal.
- For a particular project and system under test, analyze the non-functional requirements and write the respective sections of the test plan.
- Given a particular product risk, define the particular non-functional test type(s) which are most appropriate.
- Understand and explain the stages in an applications lifecycle where non-functional tests should be applied.
- For a given scenario, define the types of defects you would expect to find by using non-functional testing types.
- Explain the reasons for including security testing in a test strategy and/or test approach.
- Explain the principal aspects to be considered in planning and specifying security tests.
- Explain the reasons for including reliability testing in a test strategy and/or test approach.
- Explain the principal aspects to be considered in planning and specifying reliability tests.
- Explain the reasons for including performance testing in a test strategy and/or test approach.
- Explain the principal aspects to be considered in planning and specifying performance efficiency tests.
- Explain the reasons for including maintainability testing in a testing strategy and/or test approach.
- Explain the reasons for including portability tests in a testing strategy and/or test approach.
- Explain the reasons for compatibility testing in a testing strategy and/or test approach.
- Explain why review preparation is important for the Technical Test Analyst.
- Analyze an architectural design and identify problems according to a checklist provided in the syllabus.
- Analyze a section of code or pseudo-code and identify problems according to a checklist provided in the syllabus.
- Summarize the activities that the Technical Test Analyst performs when setting up a test automation project.
- Summarize the differences between data-driven and keyword-driven automation.
- Summarize common technical issues that cause automation projects to fail to achieve the planned return on investment.
- Construct keywords based on a given business process.
- Summarize the purpose of tools for fault seeding and fault injection.
- Summarize the main characteristics and implementation issues for performance testing tools.
- Explain the general purpose of tools used for web-based testing.
- Explain how tools support the practice of model-based testing.
- Outline the purpose of tools used to support component testing and the build process.
- Outline the purpose of tools used to support mobile application testing.
1. The Technical Test Analyst's Tasks in Risk-Based Testing
Keywords
product risk, risk assessment, risk identification, risk mitigation, risk-based testing Learning Objectives for The Technical Test Analyst's Tasks in Risk-Based Testing Risk-based Testing Tasks
- Summarize the generic risk factors that the Technical Test Analyst typically needs to consider
- Summarize the activities of the Technical Test Analyst within a risk-based approach for testing activities
1.1 Introduction
The Test Manager has overall responsibility for establishing and managing a risk-based testing strategy. The Test Manager usually will request the involvement of the Technical Test Analyst to ensure the risk-based approach is implemented correctly. Technical Test Analysts work within the risk-based testing framework established by the Test Manager for the project. They contribute their knowledge of the technical product risks that are inherent in the project, such as risks related to security, system reliability and performance.
1.2 Risk-based Testing Tasks
Because of their particular technical expertise, Technical Test Analysts are actively involved in the following risk-based testing tasks:
• Risk identification
• Risk assessment
• Risk mitigation
These tasks are performed iteratively throughout the project to deal with emerging product risks and changing priorities, and to regularly evaluate and communicate risk status.
1.2.1 Risk Identification
By calling on the broadest possible trial of stakeholders, the risk identification process is most likely to detect the largest possible number of significant risks. Because Technical Test Analysts possess unique technical skills, they are particularly well-suited for conducting expert interviews, brainstorming with co-workers and also analyzing the current and past experiences to determine where the likely areas of product risk lie. In particular, Technical Test Analysts work closely with other stakeholders, such as developers, architects, operations engineers, product owners, local support offices, and service desk technicians, to determine areas of technical risk impacting the product and project. Involving other stakeholders ensures that all views are considered and is typically facilitated by Test Managers.
Risks that might be identified by the Technical Test Analyst are typically based on the [ISO25010] quality characteristics listed in Chapter 4, and include, for example:
• Performance efficiency (e.g., inability to achieve required response times under high load conditions)
• Security (e.g., disclosure of sensitive data through security attacks)
• Reliability (e.g., application unable to meet availability specified in the Service Level Agreement)
1.2.2 Risk Assessment
While risk identification is about identifying as many pertinent risks as possible, risk assessment is the study of those identified risks in order to categorize each risk and determine the likelihood and impact associated with it. The likelihood of occurrence is usually interpreted as the probability that the potential problem could exist in the system under test.
The Technical Test Analyst contributes to finding and understanding the potential technical product risk for each risk item whereas the Test Analyst contributes to understanding the potential business impact of the problem should it occur.
Project risks can impact the overall success of the project. Typically, the following generic project risks need to be considered:
• Conflict between stakeholders regarding technical requirements
• Communication problems resulting from the geographical distribution of the development organization
• Tools and technology (including relevant skills)
• Time, resource and management pressure
• Lack of earlier quality assurance
• High change rates of technical requirements
Product risk factors may result in higher numbers of defects. Typically, the following generic product risks need to be considered:
• Complexity of technology
• Complexity of code structure
• Amount of re-use compared to new code
• Large number of defects found relating to technical quality characteristics (defect history)
• Technical interface and integration issues
Given the available risk information, the Technical Test Analyst proposes an initial risk level according to the guidelines established by the Test Manager. For example, the Test Manager may determine that risks should be categorized with a value from 1 to 10, with 1 being highest risk. The initial value may be modified by the Test Manager when all stakeholder views have been considered.
1.2.3 Risk Mitigation
During the project, Technical Test Analysts influence how testing responds to the identified risks. This generally involves the following:
• Reducing risk by executing the most important tests (those addressing high risk areas) and by putting into action appropriate mitigation and contingency measures as stated in the test plan
• Evaluating risks based on additional information gathered as the project unfolds, and using that information to implement mitigation measures aimed at decreasing the likelihood or avoiding the impact of those risks
The Technical Test Analyst will often cooperate with certified in areas such as security and performance to define risk mitigation measures and elements of the organizational test strategy. Additional information can be obtained from ISTQB® Specialist syllabi, such as the Advanced Level Security Testing syllabus [ISTQB_ALSEC_SYL] and the Foundation Level Performance Testing syllabus [ISTQB_FLPT_SYL].
2. White-box Test Techniques
Keywords
API testing, atomic condition, control flow testing, cyclomatic complexity, decision testing, modified condition/decision testing, multiple condition testing, path testing, short-circuiting, statement testing, white-box test technique
Learning Objectives for White-Box Testing
2.2 Statement Testing
TTA-2.2.1 (K3) Write test cases for a given specification item by applying the Statement test technique to achieve a defined level of coverage
Decision Testing TTA-2.3.1 (K3) Write test cases for a given specification item by applying the Decision test technique to achieve a defined level of coverage 2.4 Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) Testing TTA-2.4.1 (K3) Write test cases by applying the Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) test design technique to achieve a defined level of coverage Multiple Condition Testing TTA-2.5.1 (K3) Write test cases for a given specification item by applying the Multiple Condition test technique to achieve a defined level of coverage 2.6 Basis Path Testing TTA-2.6.1 (K3) Write test cases for a given specification item by applying McCabes Simplified Baseline Method 2.7 API Testing TTA-2.7.1 (K2) Understand the applicability of API testing and the kinds of defects it finds 2.8 Selecting a White-box Test Technique TTA-2.8.1 (K4) Select an appropriate white-box test technique according to a given project situation 2.1 Introduction This chapter principally describes white-box test techniques. These techniques apply to code and other structures, such as business process flow charts. Each specific technique enables test cases to be derived systematically and focuses on a particular aspect of the structure to be considered. The techniques provide coverage criteria which have to be measured and associated with an objective defined by each project or organization. Achieving full coverage does not mean that the entire set of tests is complete, but rather that the technique being used no longer suggests any useful tests for the structure under consideration. The following techniques are considered in this syllabus: • Statement testing
• Decision testing
• Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) testing
• Multiple Condition testing
• Basis Path testing
• API testing
The Foundation Syllabus [ISTQB_FL_SYL] introduces Statement testing and Decision testing. Statement testing exercises the executable statements in the code, whereas Decision testing exercises the decisions in the code and tests the code that is executed based on the decision outcomes.
The MC/DC and Multiple Condition techniques listed above are based on decision predicates and broadly find the same types of defects. No matter how complex a decision predicate may be, it will evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE, which will determine the path taken through the code. A defect is detected when the intended path is not taken because a decision predicate does not evaluate as expected.
The first four techniques are successively more thorough (and Basis Path testing is more thorough than Statement and Decision testing); more thorough techniques generally require more tests to be defined in order to achieve their intended coverage and find more subtle defects.
2.2 Statement Testing
Statement testing exercises the executable statements in the code. Coverage is measured as the number of statements executed by the tests divided by the total number of executable statements in the test object, normally expressed as a percentage. Applicability
This level of coverage should be considered as a minimum for all code being tested.
Limitations/Difficulties
Decisions are not considered. Even high percentages of statement coverage may not detect certain defects in the codes logic.
2.3 Decision Testing
Decision testing exercises the decisions in the code and tests the code that is executed based on the decision outcomes. To do this, the test cases follow the control flows that occur from a decision point (e.g., for an IF statement, one for the true outcome and one for the false outcome; for a CASE statement, test cases would be required for all the possible outcomes, including the default outcome).
Coverage is measured as the number of decision outcomes executed by the tests divided by the total number of decision outcomes in the test object, normally expressed as a percentage. Compared to the MC/DC and Multiple Condition techniques described below, decision testing considers the entire decision as a whole and evaluates the TRUE and FALSE outcomes in separate test cases. Applicability
The most useful checklists are those gradually developed by an individual organization, because they reflect:
• The nature of the product
• The local development environment
o Staff
o Tools
o Priorities
• History of previous successes and defects
• Particular issues (e.g., performance efficiency, security)
Checklists should be customized for the organization and perhaps for the particular project. The checklists provided in this chapter are meant only to serve as examples.
Some organizations extend the usual notion of a software checklist to include “anti-patterns” that refer to common errors, poor techniques, and other ineffective practices. The term derives from the popular concept of “design patterns” which are reusable solutions to common problems that have been shown to be effective in practical situations [Gamma94]. An anti-pattern, then, is a commonly made error, often implemented as an expedient short-cut.
It is important to remember that if a requirement is not testable, meaning that it is not defined in such a way that the Technical Test Analyst can determine how to test it, then it is a defect. For example, a requirement that states “The software should be fast” cannot be tested. How can the Technical Test Analyst determine if the software is fast? If, instead, the requirement said “The software must provide a maximum response time of three seconds under specific load conditions”, then the testability of this requirement is substantially better assuming the “specific load conditions” (e.g., number of concurrent users, activities performed by the users) are defined. It is also an overarching requirement because this one requirement could easily spawn many individual test cases in a non-trivial application. Traceability from this requirement to the test cases is also critical because if the requirement should change, all the test cases will need to be reviewed and updated as needed.
5.2.1 Architectural Reviews
Software architecture consists of the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution. [ISO42010], [Bass03]. Checklists1 used for architecture reviews could, for example, include verification of the proper implementation of the following items, which are quoted from [Web-2]:
• “Connection pooling - reducing the execution time overhead associated with establishing database connections by establishing a shared pool of connections
• Load balancing – spreading the load evenly between a set of resources
• Distributed processing
• Caching – using a local copy of data to reduce access time
• Lazy instantiation
• Transaction concurrency
• Process isolation between Online Transactional Processing (OLTP) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
• Replication of data”
5.2.2 Code Reviews
Checklists for code reviews are necessarily very detailed, and, as with checklists for architecture reviews, are most useful when they are language, project and company-specific. The inclusion of code-level anti-patterns is helpful, particularly for less experienced software developers.
Checklists1 used for code reviews could include the following items:.
1. Structure
• Does the code completely and correctly implement the design?
• Does the code conform to any pertinent coding standards?
• Is the code well-structured, consistent in style, and consistently formatted?
• Are there any uncalled or unneeded procedures or any unreachable code?
• Are there any leftover stubs or test routines in the code?
• Can any code be replaced by calls to external reusable components or library functions?
• Are there any blocks of repeated code that could be condensed into a single procedure?
• Is storage use efficient?
• Are symbolics used rather than “magic number” constants or string constants?
• Are any modules excessively complex and should be restructured or split into multiple modules?
2. Documentation
• Is the code clearly and adequately documented with an easy-to-maintain commenting style?
• Are all comments consistent with the code?
• Does the documentation conform to applicable standards?
3. Variables
• Are all variables properly defined with meaningful, consistent, and clear names?
• Are there any redundant or unused variables?
4. Arithmetic Operations
• Does the code avoid comparing floating-point numbers for equality?
• Does the code systematically prevent rounding errors?
• Does the code avoid additions and subtractions on numbers with greatly different magnitudes?
• Are divisors tested for zero or noise?
5. Loops and Branches
• Are all loops, branches, and logic constructs complete, correct, and properly nested?
• Are the most common cases tested first in IF-ELSEIF chains?
• Are all cases covered in an IF-ELSEIF or CASE block, including ELSE or DEFAULT clauses?
• Does every case statement have a default?
• Are loop termination conditions obvious and invariably achievable?
• Are indices or subscripts properly initialized, just prior to the loop?
• Can any statements that are enclosed within loops be placed outside the loops?
• Does the code in the loop avoid manipulating the index variable or using it upon exit from the loop?
6. Defensive Programming
• Are indices, pointers, and subscripts tested against array, record, or file bounds?
• Are imported data and input arguments tested for validity and completeness?
• Are all output variables assigned?
• Is the correct data element operated on in each statement?
• Is every memory allocation released?
• Are timeouts or error traps used for external device access?
• Are files checked for existence before attempting to access them?
• Are all files and devices left in the correct state upon program termination?
6. Test Tools and Automation
Keywords capture/playback, data-driven testing, debugging, emulator, fault seeding, hyperlink, keyword-driven testing, performance efficiency, simulator, test execution, test management
Learning Objectives for Test Tools and Automation
6.1 Defining the Test Automation Project
TTA-6.1.1 (K2) Summarize the activities that the Technical Test Analyst performs when setting up a test automation project
TTA-6.1.2 (K2) Summarize the differences between data-driven and keyword-driven automation
TTA-6.1.3 (K2) Summarize common technical issues that cause automation projects to fail to achieve the planned return on investment
TTA-6.1.4 (K3) Construct keywords based on a given business process
6.2 Specific Test Tools
TTA-6.2.1 (K2) Summarize the purpose of tools for fault seeding and fault injection
TTA-6.2.2 (K2) Summarize the main characteristics and implementation issues for performance testing tools
TTA-6.2.3 (K2) Explain the general purpose of tools used for web-based testing
TTA-6.2.4 (K2) Explain how tools support the practice of model-based testing
TTA-6.2.5 (K2) Outline the purpose of tools used to support component testing and the build process
TTA-6.2.6 (K2) Outline the purpose of tools used to support mobile application testing
6.1 Defining the Test Automation Project
In order to be cost-effective, test tools (and particularly those which support test execution), must be carefully architected and designed. Implementing a test execution automation strategy without a solid architecture usually results in a tool set that is costly to maintain, insufficient for the purpose and unable to achieve the target return on investment.
A test automation project should be considered a software development project. This includes the need for architecture documentation, detailed design documentation, design and code reviews, component and component integration testing, as well as final system testing. Testing can be needlessly delayed or complicated when unstable or inaccurate test automation code is used.
There are multiple tasks that the Technical Test Analyst can perform regarding test execution automation. These include:
• Determining who will be responsible for the test execution (possibly in coordination with a Test Manager)
• Selecting the appropriate tool for the organization, timeline, skills of the team, and maintenance requirements (note this
could mean deciding to create a tool to use rather than acquiring one) • Defining the interface requirements between the automation tool and other tools such as the test management, defect management and tools used for continuous integration
• Developing any adapters which may be required to create an interface between the test execution tool and the software under test
• Selecting the automation approach, i.e., keyword-driven or data-driven (see Section 6.1.1 below)
• Working with the Test Manager to estimate the cost of the implementation, including training. In Agile projects this aspect would typically be discussed and agreed in project/sprint planning meetings with the whole team.
• Scheduling the automation project and allocating the time for maintenance
• Training the Test Analysts and Business Analysts to use and supply data for the automation
• Determining how and when the automated tests will be executed
• Determining how the automated test results will be combined with the manual test results
In projects with a strong emphasis on test automation, a Test Automation Engineer may be tasked with many of these activities (see the Advanced Level Test Automation Engineer syllabus [ISTQB_ALTAE_SYL] for details). Certain organizational tasks may be taken on by a Test Manager according to project needs and preferences. In Agile projects the assignment of these tasks to roles is typically more flexible and less formal.
These activities and the resulting decisions will influence the scalability and maintainability of the automation solution. Sufficient time must be spent researching the options, investigating available tools and technologies and understanding the future plans for the organization.
6.1.1 Selecting the Automation Approach
This section considers the following factors which impact the test automation approach:
• Automating through the GUI
• Applying a data-driven approach
• Applying a keyword-driven approach
• Handling software failures
• Considering system state
The Advanced Level Test Automation Engineer syllabus [ISTQB_ALTAE_SYL] includes further details on selecting an automation approach.
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Advanced Technical Test Analyst
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Question: 59
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
As a technical test analyst, which documents would you typically create? 1 credit [K2]
A. Test plan, test design, test cases and test log
B. Test plan, test log, test design and test summary report
C. Test script, test log, incident report and test design
D. Incident report, test item transmittal report, test cases and test procedure
Answer: C
Question: 60
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
As a technical test analyst, you have found out during test case design that the design
document is incomplete. Which is an example of a good way to communicate that
problem in an email? 1 credit [K2]
A. E-mail: Until I have received an updated version of the design document, I will not
do any work on the test design.
B. E-mail: When will it be possible to receive the missing information? Test design is
impeded by a lack of clarity here.
C. E-mail: Here we go again. The developer gave us incomplete and ambiguous design
specifications. Typical.
D. Do not communicate the problem, just log the delaying effect of the information
problem and be ready to explain the delays to the test manager later.
Answer: B
Question: 61
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
As a technical test analyst, you are involved in a risk analysis session using the Failure
Mode and Effect Analysis technique. You are calculating risk priorities. Which of the
following are the major factors in this exercise? 1 credit [K2]
A. Severity and priority
B. Functionality, reliability, usability, maintainability, efficiency and portability
C. Likelihood and impact
D. Financial damage, frequency of use and external visibility
Answer: C
Question: 62
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
In which of the following test documents would you expect to find the preconditions to
start executing a set of test cases? 1 credit [K2]
A. Level test plan
B. Test procedure specification
C. Test design specification
D. Master test plan
Answer: B
Question: 63
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
Defects are discovered through test analysis and design because 1 credit [K2]
A. the tasks involve extracting information from the test basis
B. developers are involved in writing test cases
C. the cost of fixing a defect will increase if found later on
D. the author of the test basis will have made errors
Answer: A
Question: 64
Part 7 "Test Process & Incident Management"
The development manager asks you to identify suitable test coverage entry criteria for a
component test. Which TWO of the following would you recommend as appropriate for
entry criteria to a component testing phase? 2 credits [K3]
A. 100% statement coverage
B. No critical outstanding defects
C. Test log available
D. Code review completed
E. Static analysis shows no major violations
Answer: D, E
Question: 65
Identify the most significant risk introduced by this approach to incident management. 3
credits [K4]
A. Excel list may not be insynchronizationwith Word documents
B. Low level of usability
C. Spreadsheet/text files may not be complete
D. Does not map to IEEE 1044
Answer: A
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Independent production companies should contact their BBC delivery contact to discuss delivery. BBC Studios should seek advice from the relevant delivery contact within Studios.
Programme copy policy
The BBC Archive is required to keep all transmitted programmes for a minimum of five years for research, re-use value and for critical business reasons such as legal traceability and ensuring the correct version of a programme is transmitted.
All independent productions (including those producing content for CBBC and CBeebies) must submit one master copy to BBC Archive and must retain an exact copy of the delivered master for their own records, this copy may need to be required/referred to in the event of an issue prior to transmission.
Note: Where an independent production has been delivered on tape, it is acceptable to store the copy as an AS-11 file or in any File Mastering Format provided a new tape copy or an AS-11 UK DPP HD V1.1 file can be made and delivered to the BBC if required.
BBC Studios should seek advice from the relevant delivery contact within Studios.
BBC Nations and Regions programming may be logged and stored locally but recorded in the central database.
In addition, a clone is not required for the following output:
- programme acquisitions output
- recorded Sports programmes (eg highlights from earlier, live action)
Topicality status
The delivery date will usually be determined by the programme's topicality status which is determined by the editorial nature of its content. A 'topical' status will be awarded only to those programmes which relate directly to live or current events and therefore require some last-minute production. Topicality status classifications are used throughout BBC Television. The definitions below are additionally used to define the requirements for live and late feeds and outside broadcasts (OBs).
Any variation to the contracted delivery date must be formally agreed (by writing or email with your business affairs manager).
| Topicality Status | Programme Type | When Required |
| Non-topical and Open University programmes | All non-topical programmes | Required by 5pm on the contracted delivery date at the latest |
| Week topical programmes | - a programme with 'week specific' elements within its content - people of the week chat shows | Required by 5pm on the contracted delivery date which is five days before transmission |
| Day before topical | - a programme with a 'news' element within it- weekly review programmes- spin-offs linked to live shows | Required by 10am on the contracted delivery date on the day before transmission |
| On day topical programmes | - a news programme (but not other factual documentary series unless another criterion is met)- highlights programmes connected to earlier sport or other live event | Required by TX-9 hours from transmission on the contracted delivery date. |
| Quick turnaround/ late edit programmes | Programmes which, because of essential last-minute preparation and/or location of the editing/recording facility, cannot deliver the programme to Playout, e.g.sports or events highlights edited and transmitted from OB facilities | A date and time specified on commissioning documentation |
| Live programmes | Live feeds/whole programmes played from a live source eg OB, a studio, abroad. | A date and time specified on commissioning documentation |
| Off-site programmes | Programmes which are not delivering to the London Playout area. This could include programmes transmitting from a Nation or region, an outside facilities house, another BBC building or an edit suite. |
- Strands will be commissioned with their appropriate least topical status, and production departments will need to agree any necessary changes to this status for individual programmes as above.
- Live and quick turnaround programmes are subject to special requirements – see How to deliver live and close to transmission page for more information.
Programme duration
The commissioning documentation will specify a slot duration for the programme. However, the physical programme that is delivered must conform to the actual duration requirements shown below.
Slot duration: the length of the slot in which the programme transmits eg for EastEnders this will normally be 30 minutes (7.30 - 8pm).
Actual duration: the running time at which the programme should be delivered. The actual duration is less than the slot duration to allow for promotions and previews eg for EastEnders this would be one minute less than the slot duration (29 minutes).
|
Channel |
Slot Duration |
Actual Duration |
|
BBC One Peak time |
60 minutes |
58 minutes |
|
All other durations |
One minute less than slot duration |
|
|
BBC One Daytime |
15 minutes |
13 mins 45 secs |
|
30 minutes |
28 mins 45 secs |
|
|
45 minutes |
43 mins 45 secs |
|
|
60 minutes |
58 minutes |
|
|
Other slots |
To be advised |
|
|
BBC Two |
All durations |
One minute less than slot duration |
|
BBC Three |
15 minutes |
14 minutes |
|
30 minutes |
29 minutes |
|
|
45 minutes |
44 minutes |
|
|
60 minutes |
58 minutes |
|
|
Other slots |
To be advised |
|
|
BBC Four |
All durations |
One minute less than slot duration |
|
CBBC and CBeebies |
5 minutes |
3 - 5 minutes (to be agreed with head of scheduling) |
|
10 minutes |
10 minutes |
|
|
15 minutes |
14 minutes |
|
|
20 minutes |
19 minutes |
|
|
25 minutes |
24 minutes |
|
|
30 minutes |
28 minutes |
|
|
45 minutes |
44 minutes |
|
|
60 minutes |
58 minutes |
Notes:
- The actual durations quoted include opening and closing titles.
- Occasionally the actual duration of the programme may need to vary from the guidelines above. In this case the commissioning executive, or for Children’s content the Children's MediaHub, will advise the production of the actual duration to which it should be delivered.
- Any variation to the agreed duration must be formally agreed with the BBC commissioning editor or for Children’s content the Children's MediaHub.
- Children’s programmes have a 15 second allowance either side of these durations.
It is essential that programmes be delivered to the correct duration to ensure that schedules work to time. Programmes with incorrect durations will require re-editing and re-delivery at productions expense.
Programme UIDs
Every BBC programme episode version has its own UID number which follows the episode throughout its life and is used for all filing, documentation, music reporting, archive and retrieval. This replaces the Prog ID/Clock number.
The UID is made up of two parts:
- The core number: identifies the programme down to episode level: DRA A479U
- The version number (suffix): identifies the version of the episode: /01, /02 (start at /01 and run to /49)
Together they make the UID: DRA A479U/01
UID numbers are available via the following routes:
Note: Red Bee Media and BBC Archives cannot supply these numbers.
Productions must not increment version numbers. If a new version of the programme needs to be delivered, contact the UID issuer for a new version number.
For programme acquisitions only:
- The first transfer of an acquired programme should be numbered /01 but the source will be entered as /99
- Any subsequent transfer will be numbered /02 etc
Reversioning old format numbers:
Programmes with old format number will keep that number. If a programme with an old format number is now reversioned then the version element will now increment to a /01 ie a reversion of a /71 version will be a /01.
The new rule is as follows:
If there is no version code below /50 for the episode
- For independent productions the indie delivery team will allocate the new version with a /01 suffix.
- BBC Studios should seek advice from the relevant delivery contact within Studios.
Example: three versions of an episode exist with the following numbers DRIA413B/71, DRIA413B/72, DRIA413B/73. If this programme is reversioned again it will be given the number DRIA413B/01.
If there is a version code below /50 for the episode then the new version will get the next highest version number.
Example: there are three versions of an episode as follows: DRIA416J/71, DRIA416J/01 and DRIA416J/02. If this programme is reversioned again it will be given the number DRIA416J/03.
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SpaceX was expected to launch an around-the-world test of its Starship space system for the first time on Monday, but a technical issue has delayed the attempt.
Why it matters: Starship is designed to one day bring people and payloads to orbit and deep space. This test will be a major step along that journey.
The latest: A pressurization issue in the vehicle's Super Heavy booster that popped up during the countdown forced SpaceX to cancel the launch for the day.
- If the issue can be resolved in time, the company could attempt to launch again in 48 hours.
- The uncrewed Starship vehicle will be stacked atop its Super Heavy booster. If all goes according to plan on test day, the Super Heavy will ignite, rocketing Starship to a peak altitude of about 146 miles above the planet.
- Starship and Super Heavy will separate, allowing Starship's onboard engines to fire as the Super Heavy flips and comes back in for a water landing in the Gulf of Mexico, 20 miles from Boca Chica.
- Starship will then coast through space before coming down for an unpowered landing in the Pacific Ocean about 140 miles off the coast of Oahu in Hawaii.
- SpaceX has already flown multiple suborbital tests of Starship's upper stage, but this will be the first flight for an integrated Starship and Super Heavy.
Reality check: This is a test flight, so anything can go wrong.
- "With a test such as this, success is measured by how much we can learn, which will inform and Improve the probability of success in the future as SpaceX rapidly advances development of Starship," SpaceX wrote in a description.
The big picture: SpaceX plans to make Starship fully reusable and with a huge carrying capacity to orbit, potentially driving the cost of launching payloads to orbit down by more than a factor of 10.
- NASA is already planning on relying on a modified form of Starship that will be used as a lander to bring astronauts to the surface of the Moon.
Go deeper: Space travel is a long way from its destination
Editor's note: This story has been updated to reflect that the launch has been delayed by at least 48 hours.
ENVIRONMENT:
Our client, based in Johannesburg, is an expert in enhancing business processes and a trusted digital onboarding solution provider for financial services and offers unique technological solutions and world-class biometric facial recognition software. They are currently looking for an experienced Technical Test Analyst to be part of a cross-functional team and contribute to the full development life cycle from conception to deployment and maintenance of our products and services. The role requires a mature Test Analyst who is knowledgeable and proficient in the craft of Software Quality Assurance.
REQUIREMENTS:
- 3 years or more experience in Software Testing.
- Proficiency in C#, .NET Framework, MSSQL, Web Services, and understanding of HTML and CSS, Angular, and Typescript.
- Strong knowledge in Excel and SQL.
- Experience in an Agile work environment (Scrum, Kanban, XP).
- Proficient in SOAP and RESTFUL services.
- Proficient in using testing tools e.g., Postman UI, Selenium, TestComplete.
- Proficient in the use of build management tools e.g., Jenkins, Azure DevOps.
- Proficient in the use of test reporting tools e.g., Github, Zenhub.
- Proficient in creating business-based functional test plans, test scenarios, test cases, test scripts, test specifications, and Traceable Matrix.
- Direct experience with the financial services industry is a bonus.
- Knowledge and experience of DevOps techniques, including CI/CD.
Qualifications:
- Relevant tertiary IT qualification.
- Testing qualification ISTQB TTA/ISEB.
- 3 years solid experience as a Test Analyst.
DUTIES:
- Work as part of a development team to define a roadmap of unit testing within different projects.
- Identify areas that need test coverage.
- Identify functionality that needs coverage via frontend and backend tests.
- Develop testing scripts for manual testing and refine manual scripts into automated tests.
- Comfortable explaining technical details to non-technical people.
- Comfortable explaining user needs to the development team.
- Read through project documentation and roadmap and create testing strategies and test plans.
- Working knowledge of data structures, open data standards, and moving data via APIs.
- Ability to convert automated testing scripts and manual testing processes into user onboarding documentation.
- Participate in roadmap and feature planning.
- Participate daily in stand-ups.
- Collaborate with remote teams.
ATTRIBUTES:
- Positive attitude.
- Quick learning ability.
- Problem solver and analytical thinker.
- Good team player.
- Excellent communication skills.
- Time and task management skills.
- Takes initiative.
- Broad technical experience.
While we would really like to respond to every application, should you not be contacted for this position within 10 working days please consider your application unsuccessful.
COMMENTS:
When applying for jobs, ensure that you have the minimum job requirements. Only SA Citizens will be considered for this role. If you are not in the mentioned location of any of the jobs, please note your relocation plans in all applications for jobs and correspondence. Apply here [URL Removed] e-mail a Word copy of your CV to [Email Address Removed] and mention the reference number of the job.
Desired Skills:
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What Is the Wilcoxon Test?
The Wilcoxon test, which can refer to either the rank sum test or the signed rank test version, is a nonparametric statistical test that compares two paired groups. The tests essentially calculate the difference between sets of pairs and analyze these differences to establish if they are statistically significantly different from one another.
Key Takeaways
- The Wilcoxon test compares two paired groups and comes in two versions, the rank sum test, and signed rank test.
- The goal of the test is to determine if two or more sets of pairs are different from one another in a statistically significant manner.
- Both versions of the model assume that the pairs in the data come from dependent populations, i.e., following the same person or share price through time or place.
Understanding the Wilcoxon Test
The rank sum and signed rank tests were both proposed by American statistician Frank Wilcoxon in a groundbreaking research paper published in 1945. The tests laid the foundation for hypothesis testing of nonparametric statistics, which are used for population data that can be ranked but do not have numerical values, such as customer satisfaction or music reviews. Nonparametric distributions do not have parameters and cannot be defined by an equation as parametric distributions can.
The types of questions that the Wilcoxon test can help answer include things like:
- Are test scores different from 5th grade to 6th grade for the same students?
- Does a particular drug have an effect on health when tested on the same individuals?
These models assume that the data comes from two matched, or dependent, populations, following the same person or stock through time or place. The data is also assumed to be continuous as opposed to discrete. Because it is a nonparametric test, it does not require a particular probability distribution of the dependent variable in the analysis.
Types of the Wilcoxon Test
- The Wilcoxon rank sum test can be used to test the null hypothesis that two populations have the same continuous distribution. A null hypothesis is a statistical test that says there's no significant difference between two populations or variables. The base assumptions necessary to employ the rank sum test is that the data are from the same population and are paired, the data can be measured on at least an interval scale, and the data were chosen randomly and independently.
- The Wilcoxon signed rank test assumes that there is information in the magnitudes and signs of the differences between paired observations. As the nonparametric equivalent of the paired student's t-test, the signed rank can be used as an alternative to the t-test when the population data does not follow a normal distribution.
Calculating a Wilcoxon Test Statistic
The steps for arriving at a Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic, W, are as follows:
- For each item in a trial of n items, obtain a difference score, Di, between two measurements (i.e., subtract one from the other).
- Neglect then positive or negative signs and obtain a set of n absolute differences |Di|.
- Omit difference scores of zero, giving you a set of n non-zero absolute difference scores, where n' ≤ n. Thus, n' becomes the actual trial size.
- Then, assign ranks Ri from 1 to n to each of the |Di| such that the smallest absolute difference score gets rank 1 and the largest gets rank n. If two or more |Di| are equal, they are each assigned the average rank of the ranks they would have been assigned individually had ties in the data not occurred.
- Now reassign the symbol "+" or "–" to each of the n ranks Ri, depending on whether Di was originally positive or negative.
- The Wilcoxon test statistic W is subsequently obtained as the sum of the positive ranks.
In practice, this test is performed using statistical analysis software or a spreadsheet.
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Whether you’re male or female, you may experience changes in your body such as body hair growth, strength, and sex drive that point to a shift in testosterone levels. Here are other signs and steps to take.
The hormone testosterone (T) is often associated with masculinity, but the female body can also make testosterone. Yet too little or too much testosterone in men or women can indicate severe health problems.
Testosterone is the hormone responsible for traits such as:
- body hair
- muscle mass
- strength
- sex drive
- mood
In males, the testicles make testosterone. In females, the ovaries produce the hormone.
Males with low testosterone levels might notice a reduction in these traits, while females with too much testosterone might notice an increase in these traits.
You may even want to take a testosterone level test if you believe your testosterone levels are not within the standard range. What’s more, testosterone helps males make sperm, so they may wonder about their testosterone levels if they and a partner are having trouble conceiving.
Most testosterone is attached to proteins in the blood, but some float freely. That means two types of testosterone can be measured:
- Total testosterone: a measure of testosterone that is both attached to proteins and free
- Free testosterone: testosterone that is not attached to proteins; can be specifically measured when ruling out certain medical conditions
A standard range for testosterone level in males is about 300 to 800 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). For females, it’s between 15 and 70 ng/dL. Still, testosterone levels can change throughout your life.
Testosterone levels can decrease naturally due to your age or other health conditions.
After age 30, a male’s testosterone levels on average decrease 1% per year but can even go up to 2% per year. Some symptoms of low testosterone, particularly erectile dysfunction, are commonly seen in men over age 30. Low testosterone levels have often been observed in people with obesity, no matter their age.
The most common testosterone-related problem in males is hypogonadism, also called low testosterone. To be diagnosed with hypogonadism, a person must not have only low testosterone levels but also experience symptoms of low testosterone.
Low testosterone symptoms
Your testosterone level may be abnormally low if you have one or more of the following symptoms:
High testosterone symptoms in females
Females with too much testosterone may grow facial hair, develop a deeper voice, or experience decreased breast size. Too much testosterone in females can also cause acne.
One possible cause of too much testosterone in females is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS can make it difficult to get pregnant and interfere with menstruation.
Abnormally high or low testosterone levels in males and females can indicate other serious conditions.
High T levels can indicate ovarian or testicular cancer. Low T levels can indicate chronic illness or a problem with the pituitary gland, which releases hormones.
In infant males and females, signs of abnormal testosterone levels may be more extreme. Testosterone tests are often ordered for young males and females who are not developing properly or when parents notice delayed puberty.
Young males with low T may grow slowly, with no body hair and poorly developed muscles. When they have high T, they may enter puberty early and robustly. Young females with high T may have delayed menstruation or too much body hair.
Getting testosterone levels checked usually requires a blood test. The test is usually performed in the morning when T levels are highest. Sometimes, the test needs to be retaken to confirm the measurements.
Before the test, your doctor may ask you to stop taking any prescriptions that could affect your testosterone levels. Some medications that can artificially increase your testosterone levels include:
- steroids (but T levels can fall rapidly after stopping them)
- barbiturates
- anticonvulsants
- androgen or estrogen therapies
Some medications, including opiates, can also decrease your testosterone levels. If you’re taking any of the medications above, tell your doctor. They’ll ensure that your testosterone test results are accurate.
If your test results are low, you can talk with a doctor to confirm the results. They can discuss how to best address your testosterone levels.
Even if your T levels are within range, but you are experiencing symptoms, it is still worth talking with your doctor because it might indicate an underlying issue. In this case, your doctor will want to perform a physical genitourinary exam to also rule out any other potential causes.
Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may also perform a physical examination. If you’re male, your doctor may perform a physical if they notice:
- a loss of facial hair
- a loss of height
- signs of gynecomastia, an abnormal increase in breast tissue size
- abnormal weight gain
If you’re female, your doctor may perform a physical if they notice:
- abnormal facial acne
- abnormal hair growth on your lips or chin (hirsutism)
- abnormal hair thinning or balding on the head
Testosterone home testing kits are widely available from several companies. They use your blood or saliva to test your hormone levels. After taking the test, you’ll send your trial to a laboratory for testing.
Here are two of the strongest tests available:
If you struggle with needles or blood samples, saliva is a good alternative. Though, several studies have confirmed that saliva offers only a relatively accurate measurement of testosterone levels.
Supplemental tests, such as serum testing, are necessary to ensure that salivary test results are accurate.
If you or your doctor test your testosterone levels, and they are low, this may be a result of aging, but it could also be due to underlying conditions, including:
- chronic diseases
- injury
- use of certain medications
- genetic conditions
Results that indicate testosterone levels are too high could be an indication of:
- potential tumors
- early puberty in young males
- CAH in children and babies
Typical testosterone levels in men
It’s important to speak with your doctor after receiving your results to better understand what they mean for you and your health. If your doctor has any concerns, they may consider a full diagnosis and treatment plan.
Levels between 300 and 800 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) are the most common levels.
According to the American Urology Association, in men, levels below 300 ng/dL should be classified as low T or hypogonadism.
Testosterone levels typically decrease with age, so it’s not unusual to have lower levels at an older age. In fact, 50% of men over age 80 may have low T levels.
Ask your doctor about testosterone tests if you suspect you have below-standard hormone levels or if you notice developmental issues in your children. A wide range of treatments are available.
Some treatments include testosterone pellet implants and an oral testosterone supplement approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The most common treatment for low testosterone is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). TRT is given as an injection, a skin patch, or a topical gel containing testosterone that replaces the testosterone missing from your body.
Though this treatment is common, TRT is known to have some risks and side effects, including:
If you’re taking any medications or supplements (such as steroids) that abnormally affect your testosterone levels, your doctor may ask you to stop taking them or suggest an alternative.
Depending on your specific situation, your doctor may also recommend lifestyle changes, such as exercising to build muscle and weight management through dietary changes, which can help balance your testosterone levels.
- Exercise and weight training have been shown to increase total T levels. Cardiorespiratory fitness, such as high intensity interval training (HIIT), has the most significant impact, according to research. Heavy resistance training in males is also shown to increase testosterone. It’s unclear if weight training helps increase testosterone in females.
- A balanced diet may also reduce the risks of low T. Research has found that diets high in processed foods, like bread, pastries, and restaurant meals, could typically predict low T levels. Conversely, a diet with higher intakes of homemade foods, dark green vegetables, balanced fat sources, protein, and carbs may help even out hormone levels.
- Reducing stress can be good for more than your heart. It may help Improve testosterone levels, too, according to research. Stress causes the body to release cortisol, a steroid hormone that can lead to weight gain, muscle weakness, and severe fatigue.
- Getting restful sleep can potentially help balance your T levels, as some research suggests a link between low testosterone levels and sleep apnea. Improving your sleep may also help reduce erectile dysfunction symptoms.
You may want to consider seeing a doctor if you’re experiencing symptoms that you believe are the result of high or low testosterone levels.
If you took an at-home testosterone level test and your results showed levels outside the standard range, it may be worthwhile to make an appointment to see a doctor to discuss the results.
Your doctor can help confirm the testosterone test results, or they may order additional tests to understand what factors could be causing your low or high hormone levels. After that, they may also conduct a physical test to check for signs of low or high T.
If the levels are not within a standard range, you can discuss treatments, including natural ways to change T levels.
How much does a testosterone test cost?
Testosterone test costs can vary. If you go to your doctor, the test cost may vary depending on your insurance coverage.
If you opt for an at-home test, a singular testosterone test may cost between $50 and $70.
Some companies like LetsGetChecked and Everlywell offer full hormone tests that measure testosterone, as well as other hormones like cortisol and DHEA. But these tests are more expensive and can range from $130 to $200.
Should women take a testosterone test?
If you are a female experiencing high or low testosterone symptoms, you may consider taking a testosterone test.
Abnormal testosterone levels in females can indicate larger health issues such as PCOS, abnormal or nonexistent menstrual periods, or infertility issues.
In some cases, low testosterone in females may also be caused by low estrogen or menopause as there is some overlap in the symptoms. A testosterone test and other hormone tests can help doctors determine a diagnosis.
When should I consult a doctor about my testosterone levels?
If you are concerned about your reproductive health or are experiencing any of the above-mentioned symptoms of having high or low testosterone, it may be a good idea to speak with a doctor.
You can explain your symptoms to your doctor, who may suggest a testosterone test or other hormonal tests to help diagnose your symptoms and create a treatment plan.
You may want to test your testosterone levels if you notice any unusual symptoms, such as hair loss, weight loss, or acne, especially if you’re under 40. A test can help reveal whether any underlying conditions, health issues, or lifestyle choices are affecting your testosterone production.
In many cases, testosterone levels can vary based on age, diet, medications, or even your activity level. A testosterone test may indicate that your levels are merely a result of the natural aging process or several other factors you can personally regulate.
You can book an appointment with a primary care doctor in your area using our Healthline FindCare tool.
Take on the role of one of the notorious Slaughter family, or their victims, in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, a third-person asymmetrical horror experience based on the groundbreaking and iconic 1974 horror film.
As a victim you must use your wits and stealth to stay out of the Family's reach and find the tools you need to lead to your eventual freedom. Slaughter Family players must seek out, track down, and stop their guests from escaping. Players of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre can finally find out if they have what it takes to survive.
Experience the mad and macabre for yourself in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre.
Gun Interactive announced more details regarding the game’s upcoming Technical Test, which will begin on Thursday, May 25th and continue until midnight on Monday, May 29th, marking the first opportunity for fans to experience the terror and brutal intensity that first shocked audiences almost fifty years ago.
The test will be accessible exclusively via Steam.
The Technical Test for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre is an invitation to the gaming community from Gun Interactive and Sumo Nottingham to collaborate in the game’s finishing stages in advance of its August 18th launch. The purpose of this event is to document the technical performance and capabilities of the latest playable build for The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, not to preview the finished product.
When is the Technical Test?
The Test will take place on Thursday, May 25th, 2023.
How long will the Test last?
The Test will last through the weekend.
What platform is the Test on?
The Tech Test will be available via Steam PC.
What specs are needed to play?
Below we have listed the required specs to play the Technical Test of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, separated by resolution and expected frame rate. Please keep in mind, these specs are intentionally a bit more strict than what will be present at launch. The final build of the game will have further optimization and that will impact the required specs allowing a wider variety of machines to run the game well.
The specs needed to play The Texas Chain Saw Massacre:
- 1080p 30FPS
- i5 CPU / 8GB RAM / 30GB HDD / RTX 2070
- 1080p 60FPS
- i7 CPU / 16GB RAM / 30GB SSD / RTX 3070
- 4k 30FPS
- i7 CPU / 16GB RAM / 30GB SSD / RTX 3090
- 4k 60FPS
- i9 CPU / 16GB RAM / 30GB SSD / RTX 4090
How do I participate/sign up for the Tech Test?
You can wishlist The Texas Chain Saw Massacre on Steam. Wishlisting the game is the best way to stay informed of when the Tech Test page goes live.
Is Gun Interactive working with Content Creators during the Tech Test?
All content creators can reach out to Evolve PR through Terminals.io.
How will I know if I get chosen to be part of the Tech Test?
You will receive an email from Steam when you are added to the Tech Test. You will see your status on the store page for the base game, as well.
Is the Technical Test public?
Yes. The Test will be free to the public.
How many seats for the Test?
The seats will be limited. Exact seat counts are not set in stone at this time.
Can I create and stream content of the Tech Test? NDA?
The Tech Test does not require an NDA, which means that all players can stream, create, and upload content during the Test.
Is the Tech Test free?
Yes. The Tech Test will be free for anyone who receives an email from Steam for access to the Tech Test.
What’s the difference between a tech test and a beta?
A Tech Test differs from a Beta in that the Technical Test is more focused on stress testing the game and backend services, allowing our team to adjust server load and make any adjustments prior to launch.
What content should we expect in the tech test? Maps, characters, metagame, etc?
Players can expect PVP matches with other people who received Steam keys. You will only be allowed to access the Family House map during the Technical Test. Players can expect to play as Victims Leland, Connie, Sonny, and Ana. For Family, players will be able to choose from The Cook, The Hitchhiker, and Leatherface.
What are the main purposes of the tech test?
The purpose of the Tech Test is to see how the game handles the player base, the servers, the gameplay, and the ins and outs of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre. This will not only be for players but will also be for us to see what works and what may possibly need improvement before the release date of Friday, August 18th, 2023.
Is the build of the tech test close to what the game will be at launch?
The build of the Tech Test is the latest build of The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, but it is not its final version. On release day, the game will be its finalized version.
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre features an entirely new soundtrack overseen by composer and lead sound designer Ross Tregenza that channels Wayne Bell’s trailblazing sound design for the 1974 film, as well as an additional album, Remains, featuring music written and performed by Jim Bonney and Gun CEO and President Wes Keltner.
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre is coming to PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X|S and PC (Steam) on August 18, 2023, and will launch into Game Pass on Xbox and PC.
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