4A0-C04 study tips - Nokia NRS II Composite Updated: 2023

Photographer and filmmaker Stephen Alvarez produces global stories about exploration, adventure, and culture. Alvarez has been a National Geographic photographer since 1995. He has published over a dozen stories with the magazine, including the discovery of an ancient Incan mummy in Peru, the deepest cave in the world near the Black Sea, a jungle expedition through Central America's longest cave, the whitewater world of New Britain's caves, the stone forest of Madagascar, a sailing expedition with the Polynesian Voyaging Society aboard the Hokule'a, and the world below Paris from the Opera to the sewers. Alvarez has photographed the moai of Easter Island under the Milky Way, and the panoramic capitals of Europe.

His images have won awards in Pictures of the Year International and Communications Arts. His story on the Maya and their religious rituals was exhibited at Visa pour L'Image in Perpignan, France. Alvarez has produced stories with National Public Radio, including a story on underground Paris that won a 2012 White House News Photographers Association award.

Appearances and lectures include NPR, PBS, and CBS Sunday Morning, as well as the Annenberg Space for Photography, the Shakerag Workshops, National Geographic Live, the Atlanta Photojournalism Festival, the Banff Mountain Centre. Alvarez is also a founding member of The Photo Society.

Stephen lives with his family in Sewanee, Tennessee.

Group studying can often go one of two ways: Either it’s an unproductive gossip session, or it’s little more than awkward silence and endless scrolling.

But working with friends or classmates doesn’t have to be a waste of time. Done right, group studying can be a secret weapon. It can provide accountability and prevent procrastination. With multiple points of view, you can solve problems that would stump you while studying alone. Extra eyes mean someone else can catch details you miss. And teaching others is a powerful way to digest and retain information.

Group studying is a rite of passage for any college student, so you might as well do it right. Here are some tips to get the most out of your group study.

1. When selecting your group, be picky

A good study group starts with the right people. The social energy of a study group can either be a superpower or your kryptonite. Of course, you don’t always get to handpick your A-Team, but when you do, be deliberate.

“We’re social creatures,” study coach William Wadsworth said on a recent episode of the Exam Study Expert. “We’re very responsive to social cues and people around us. If the energy of the room around us is ‘let’s chat and hang out,’ that’s going to drag us down. But equally, if the energy of the room is: let’s get our heads down and focus, that can lift us up.”

In other words, you want to exploit other people’s focus, not let other people sap yours.

Here’s a hard truth: the “right people” may not include your best friends.

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“Because so much of our time [with close friends is spent] socializing, it can be quite hard to switch from a social, relaxed atmosphere into a more focused work-intensive one,” says Alex Hibble, a psychology researcher at Oxford.

This isn’t to say you can’t study with your inner circle. But be choosy. Not every friend is the right friend to hit the library with, and that’s okay. Tap friends with similar habits and attitudes towards academics. Better yet, friends or peers that are even more focused on school than you are.

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You also want to study with people you feel comfortable around. We should look for study partners we feel “are psychologically safe,” Mark De Rond, a professor of Organizational Ethnography at Cambridge said on another episode of the Exam Study Expert podcast about group work.

“Teams where people don’t hesitate to question things they don’t understand, push back on requests or decisions, or give feedback,” he added. Competition can be motivating, but it can also cause stress, which decreases memory and cognitive flexibility.

Finally, when it comes to the makeup of the group, keep it small. Five people maximum. Period.

2. The art of the pre-study 

Group studying works best when everyone understands the basics, so you can put your heads together on hard stuff. Study groups are not the right place to crack your textbook for the first time. They’re where you take the opportunity to quiz each other or discuss complicated concepts. If you aren’t familiar with the material, you won’t know enough to know what you need help with.

Try asking everyone to come prepared with a couple of questions or syllabus they’re having trouble with. You might not want to seem like a dictator, but it’s easy to keep it casual:

 Hey, want to make sure we’ve all read up to chapter five before we meet on Sunday, so we’re all on the same page? Maybe everyone can bring a few questions.

Answering these questions together is where the mind-melding, grade-saving magic of group studying can happen. But remember: your partners aren’t your personal tutors, and you don’t want to be theirs.

3. Make a plan, set goals, then stick to them  

The highest-performing teams have a sense of purpose, Cambridge’s De Rond said on the podcast. They know exactly why they’re there and what they need to do. Rather than a generic meet-up with no agenda besides “study for the exam,” you and your crew should decide beforehand what material you want to cover, how long you will study and how you want to use your study time.

RELATED: How to create a distraction-free environment where you can actually study 

It’s also important to set a firm timeframe so you know what your group can realistically accomplish. Cramming in too much or studying for too long can make for a stressful, unproductive session. Goals can look like:

Once you have a goal, plan out how you’ll study that material I.e.:

• We'll review the chapter and take notes on our own for an hour, then discuss questions at 2:00

• We’ll spend an hour doing flashcards, and the second hour, a practice test.

Pro-tip: if you are meeting with friends to do your own work together, this works too.

4. Take advantage of being together  

Studying in a group can be a good way to get quiet studying or writing done.  “Sometimes, [group studying] can really utilize the benefits of peer pressure,” says Hibble, the Oxford researcher. “If you know that they're trying not to speak to you and you know that you're trying not to speak to them. This can be a really effective way of just locking in that silence time.”

With someone else around, you might be less likely to pick up your phone or end up with five online shopping tabs open. There’s nothing wrong with a little public shaming every now and then.   However, one of the best reasons to study as a group is to use dynamic learning methods that you can’t take alone. Some of these strategies include:

• Group discussion: pick a question or prompt to get the conversation flowing to bring out points of confusion

• Bring-a-question: have everyone bring a question or concept they’re stuck on and answer it as a group

• Divide and conquer: have each member tackle a specific chapter, course or question to present to the group

• Peer review: if you’re working on essays or presentations, spend 20 minutes doing a workshop or critique each person’s work

• Make flashcards and quiz each other

• Make a list of events or timeline collectively on a whiteboard

• Practice tests: taking practice tests together and reviewing each question someone got wrong.

With a goal, a plan and the right people, there’ll be no time for awkward silences or checking your phone. Stay focused, play nice and good luck!

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Melody: Hi, I'm Melody, and when it comes to tests, I'm as guilty as anyone for leaving revision to the last minute. But that can’t be the best way. So today I'm going to be speaking to learning scientist Dr Carolina, to see what I can do about it.

Carolina: So leaving revision for the last-minute means that you're cramming a lot of studying into the last day or night and that is not only stressful. But, it makes you forget that information much faster. So a better way, is to plan smaller learning sessions and distribute those sessions over the course of time. How can I find a better way to work this year? You can look at when your exams are and then you would plan backwards. So you would schedule different study sessions. They can be half an hour long, an hour long or even shorter if you just want a short reactivation of what you have learned. That's absolutely fine.

Melody: So, once I’ve made my study plan, how do I actually start my session?

Carolina: So the first thing you should always do is try to remember information from memory. So do a quick quiz before looking at any of your notes or any of your material. Try to remember from memory first, as a starter, and then use your materials and your notes to get feedback, to see if you're right, or where you've got wrong answers and why they were wrong. So always use it as a kind of feedback. Also, when you do a study plan, always make sure that you also schedule some time for, for fun stuff. For stuff that you really enjoy, for hobbies, for meeting with friends and so on. That's really important as well, to keep you healthy and happy.

Melody: And if there's a day where I'm really busy, is there something I can do instead?

Carolina: If you only have five or ten minutes, that's what you're going to use, and it's absolutely fine. Do a quick quiz, try to remember information from memory, try to make different connections between different concepts that you learned. Do not stress. Just take it one step at a time and make sure that you're continuously studying.

Carolina: Thank you so much for your help.

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