300-620 pdf - Implementing Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (DCACI) Updated: 2023

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Optus has given its fullest account of what it thinks caused the November 8 outage: default settings in its Cisco provider edge (PE) routers that led to around 90 shutting down nationwide.

The attribution is an evolution of its previous explanation that an “international peering network” had fed it bad data.

News reports this week identified that peer to be the Singtel internet exchange (STiX), and partially identified the cause as a software upgrade on Singtel’s end.

Singtel disputed that account on Thursday, instead - more correctly, it seems - identifying “preset failsafe” mechanisms in Optus’ routers as the cause - an account Optus confirmed in a submission filed late on Thursday, ahead of a senate appearance on Friday.

“It is now understood that the outage occurred due to approximately 90 PE [provider edge] routers automatically self-isolating in order to protect themselves from an overload of IP routing information,” Optus said. [pdf]

“These self-protection limits are default settings provided by the relevant global equipment vendor (Cisco).”

Optus said the “unexpected overload” of routing information came via “an alternate Singtel peering router”, because the primary or usual router hardware that Optus took route information from was under planned maintenance.

The telco said an unspecified software upgrade was being performed at one STiX location in North America - which Singtel confirms [pdf].

Optus suggests the upgrade led to the bad route information being propagated - why, it is unclear - but now says this “was not the cause of the incident" in Australia.

Instead, it puts the blame on the edge router “safety” defaults. It does not say why the default settings were used, to what extent it had the ability to tweak the settings, or how long the routers had operated with these defaults in place.

Optus said a team of 150 engineers and technicians were directly involved in the investigation and restoration, supported by another 250 staff and five vendors.

Six theories

For the first six hours or so, the engineers pursued six different possible explanations for the large-scale outage.

These included whether works overnight by Optus itself were the cause; it rolled back those changes but found no resolution.

Other options simultaneously explored included whether it was a DDoS attack, a network authentication issue, or problems with other vendors such as its content delivery network provider.

One explanation, however, became the “leading hypothesis for network restoration”: equipment logs and alerts that “showed multiple Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) IPv6 prefixes exceeding threshold alerts.”

“We identified that resetting routing connectivity addressed the loss of network services. This occurred at 10:21am,” Optus said.

Engineers then set about “resetting and clearing routing connectivity on network elements which had disconnected themselves from the network, physically rebooting and reconnecting some network elements to restore connectivity, [and] “carefully and methodically re-introducing traffic onto the mobile data and voice core to avoid a signalling surge on the network,” it said.

Engineers performed unspecified “resiliency” works on the network between resolution on November 8 and the following Monday, November 13.

Optus foreshadowed more work to come.

“We are committed to learning from this event and continue to invest heavily, working with our international vendors and partners, to increase the resilience of our network,” it said.

“We will also support and will fully cooperate with the reviews being undertaken by the government and the senate.”

Defends customer comms

Optus used other parts of its submission to defend its customer communications on the outage day.

Its position is that as consumer and some enterprise services were out, media - traditional and social - was considered the best way to get the word out.

That is likely to be challenged in the senate inquiry.

The other issue the senate is likely to raise is financial compensation for customers.

So far, Optus has offered users extra data quota, which has been criticised in some circles.

While there is an argument that businesses, in particular, lost money while the network was down, there is a counterargument that businesses should have their own backup connectivity in the event their primary service is down.

To what extent the senate can resolve that is unclear.

Financial compensation unprecedented

Optus, however, in its submission argues that making a telco pay financial compensation for “consequential losses” isn’t a precedent that should be set.

“There is no precedent for compensation being paid by telecommunications providers to all business customers who suffer a loss of business as a result of an outage of the kind that occurred on November 8, either here or overseas,” Optus said.

“We understand that this would create a new precedent that would extend far beyond Optus and apply to all other telecommunications providers, as well as other providers of essential services, critical infrastructure and public services. 

“This makes it a much broader policy question for government that would have far reaching implications across many sectors of the economy and the cost of these services for Australian consumers.”

Optus said that it isn’t the first to suffer a sizeable outage in Australia, nor would the November 8 outage be the last incident of its type.

“It is an unfortunate reality in our reliant digital age that no communications network can completely protect against, nor prevent, these types of occurrences from ever happening – despite the investments made or resiliency efforts undertaken,” it said.

“Reflecting this, communications services are not provided with a ensure of continuous service.

“Given continuity of service is not guaranteed, consumers are not given an automatic right of compensation whenever an outage occurs.”

The global 5G base station market is expected to observe prominent growth owing to the surging adoption of 5G IoT ecosystem & critical communication services, the rising need for high-speed data with low latency, and the emergence of interconnected devices. By network architecture, the 5G non-standalone segment held the highest market share in 2020. Region-wise, the Asia-Pacific region is predicted to showcase the highest CAGR by 2030.

Wilmington, DE, Nov. 17, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to the report published by Allied Market Research, the global 5G base station market is expected to generate a revenue of $190.78 billion by 2030. The market accounted for $8.16 billion in 2020 and is predicted to rise at a CAGR of 37.3% from 2021 to 2030. The report presents a comprehensive analysis of the market size & estimations, top winning strategies, drivers & opportunities, top investment pockets, competitive insights, and varying market trends.

The global 5G base station market is attributed to the rising adoption of 5G IoT ecosystem & critical communication services, the growing demand for high-speed data with low latency, and the rise of interconnected devices. Furthermore, the continuous advancements in smart infrastructure solutions are predicted to create extensive growth opportunities for the market. However, the rising government regulations related to network radiation hamper the market growth to some extent.

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The global 5G base station market is evaluated based on type, network architecture, core network, operational frequency, end-user, and region. By type, the small cells segment generated the highest revenue in 2020, contributing to nearly two-thirds of the global 5G base station market. On the other hand, the macrocells segment would manifest a stunning CAGR of 40.2% during the analysis timeframe.

By network architecture, the 5G non-standalone segment registered the highest revenue in 2020, contributing to more than half of the global market. On the contrary, the 5G standalone segment is predicted to showcase a stunning CAGR of 39.8% over the analysis period from 2021 to 2030.

Story continues

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By region, the Asia-Pacific region led the trail in 2020, generating more than one-third of the global 5G base station market. The region is expected to maintain its leadership status and grow at the fastest CAGR of 41.0% by the end of 2030. The report also includes the analysis of other regions including Europe, North America, and LAMEA.

The key market players examined in the global 5G base station market report include Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, Nokia, Cisco Systems Inc., ZTE Corporation, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Marvell, NEC Corporation, Airspon Network Inc., Samsung, and Qualcomm Incorporated. These market players have made several strategies including mergers, expansion, partnership, acquisition, collaboration, and others to gain a leading position in the industry.

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Key Industry Developments - 

October 2023: Bromsgrove-based JET Connectivity launched world’s first permanently deployable floating 5G base station in Grimsby (UK), to help connect an operational offshore wind farm.

September 2023: BLiNQ Networks partnered with EdgeQ for a powerful hardware and software collaboration. Through this partnership, they will launch the PCW-400i, their advanced 5G small cell base station, designed to enable new Industry 4.0 use cases in a very cost-effective way.

March 2023: Radio Frequency Systems (RFS), a global designer and manufacturer of end-to-end wireless connectivity solutions, collaborated with Nokia Corporation, to integrate its passive antenna technology with Nokia’s 5G Massive MIMO radios, in a compact design to further enhance 5G base station capabilities.

February 2023: Fujitsu launched the new 5G vRAN solution combining Fujitsu’s virtualized CU (vCU) and virtualized DU (vDU) with NVIDIA’s GPU technology. With this new solution, Fujitsu aims to contribute to the global expansion of the open 5G network in cooperation with telecom operators including NTT DOCOMO.

January 2022: NEC Corporation launched two new UNIVERGE RV1000 series private 5G base station models in Japan. These new products will reduce initial investment costs and facilitate the rapid development of small-scale private 5G networks, which helps to promote the adoption of private 5G and to resolve issues faced by customers.

June 2021: NEC Corporation launched the new 5G Massive MIMO Radio Units for 5G base stations. This new 5G radio units will help to expand the communications area and provide high-speed transmission.

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Earning specialized certifications is a surefire way to advance your career in the IT field, regardless of industry or current career level. The right certification validates your skills and knowledge, which makes you more desirable to future employers who want to attract and retain the best employees. Below, we’ll explore the top IT certifications and share how to examine your goals to choose the right path forward.