Exam Code: 102-500 Practice exam 2023 by Killexams.com team 102-500 LPIC-1 exam 102, Part 2 of 2, version 5.0
Exam Title :
LPIC-1 Linux Administrator
Exam ID :
102-500
Exam Duration :
90 mins
Questions in exam :
60
Passing Score :
500 / 800
Exam Center :
LPI Marketplace
Real Questions :
LPI LPIC-1 Real Questions
VCE practice questions :
LPI 102-500 Certification VCE Practice Test
Topic
Details
Topic 105: Shells and Shell Scripting
105.1 Customize and use the shell environment
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to customize shell environments to meet users' needs. Candidates should be able to modify global and user profiles.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.
- Write Bash functions for frequently used sequences of commands.
- Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.
- Set command search path with the proper directory.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- .
- source
- /etc/bash.bashrc
- /etc/profile
- env
- export
- set
- unset
- ~/.bash_profile
- ~/.bash_login
- ~/.profile
- ~/.bashrc
- ~/.bash_logout
- function
- alias
105.2 Customize or write simple scripts
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to customize existing scripts, or write simple new Bash scripts.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).
- Use command substitution.
- Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.
- Execute chained commands.
- Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.
- Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.
- Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- for
- while
- test
- if
- read
- seq
- exec
- ||
- &&
Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops
106.1 Install and configure X11
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure X11.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Understanding of the X11 architecture.
- Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.
- Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout.
- Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and window managers.
- Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers.
- Awareness of Wayland.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
- ~/.xsession-errors
- xhost
- xauth
- DISPLAY
- X
106.2 Graphical Desktops
Weight: 1
Description: Candidates should be aware of major Linux desktops. Furthermore, candidates should be aware of protocols used to access remote desktop sessions.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Awareness of major desktop environments
- Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- KDE
- Gnome
- Xfce
- X11
- XDMCP
- VNC
- Spice
- RDP
106.3 Accessibility
Weight: 1
Description: Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes.
- Basic knowledge of assistive technology.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes.
- Screen Reader.
- Braille Display.
- Screen Magnifier.
- On-Screen Keyboard.
- Sticky/Repeat keys.
- Slow/Bounce/Toggle keys.
- Mouse keys.
- Gestures.
- Voice recognition.
Topic 107: Administrative Tasks
107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files
Weight: 5
Description: Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user accounts.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Add, modify and remove users and groups.
- Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
- Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/group
- /etc/skel/
- chage
- getent
- groupadd
- groupdel
- groupmod
- passwd
- useradd
- userdel
- usermod
107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to use cron and systemd timers to run jobs at regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Manage cron and at jobs.
- Configure user access to cron and at services.
- Understand systemd timer units.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/
- /etc/at.deny
- /etc/at.allow
- /etc/crontab
- /etc/cron.allow
- /etc/cron.deny
- /var/spool/cron/
- crontab
- at
- atq
- atrm
- systemctl
- systemd-run
107.3 Localisation and internationalisation
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Configure locale settings and environment variables.
- Configure timezone settings and environment variables.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /usr/share/zoneinfo/
- LC_*
- LC_ALL
- LANG
- TZ
- /usr/bin/locale
- tzselect
- timedatectl
- date
- iconv
- UTF-8
- ISO-8859
- ASCII
- Unicode
Topic 108: Essential System Services
108.1 Maintain system time
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and synchronize the clock via NTP.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Set the system date and time.
- Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
- Configure the correct timezone.
- Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony.
- Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.
- Awareness of the ntpq command.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /usr/share/zoneinfo/
- /etc/timezone
- /etc/localtime
- /etc/ntp.conf
- /etc/chrony.conf
- date
- hwclock
- timedatectl
- ntpd
- ntpdate
- chronyc
- pool.ntp.org
108.2 System logging
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to configure rsyslog. This objective also includes configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log output as a central log server. Use of the systemd journal subsystem is covered. Also, awareness of syslog and syslog-ng as alternative logging systems is included.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Basic configuration of rsyslog.
- Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions.
- Query the systemd journal.
- Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority.
- Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size.
- Delete old systemd journal data.
- Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy.
- Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald.
- Configuration of logrotate.
- Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng.
Terms and Utilities:
- /etc/rsyslog.conf
- /var/log/
- logger
- logrotate
- /etc/logrotate.conf
- /etc/logrotate.d/
- journalctl
- systemd-cat
- /etc/systemd/journald.conf
- /var/log/journal/
108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration files are not covered.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Create e-mail aliases.
- Configure e-mail forwarding.
- Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no configuration).
Terms and Utilities:
- ~/.forward
- sendmail emulation layer commands
- newaliases
- mail
- mailq
- postfix
- sendmail
- exim
108.4 Manage printers and printing
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
- Manage user print queues.
- Troubleshoot general printing problems.
- Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities
- /etc/cups/
- lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)
Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals
109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network fundamentals.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation.
- Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses.
- Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).
- Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
- Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
- Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/services
- IPv4, IPv6
- Subnetting
- TCP, UDP, ICMP
109.2 Persistent network configuration
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to manage the persistent network configuration of a Linux host.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration.
- Configure ethernet and wi-fi network using NetworkManager.
- Awareness of systemd-networkd.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/hostname
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- /etc/resolv.conf
- nmcli
- hostnamectl
- ifup
- ifdown
109.3 Basic network troubleshooting
Weight: 4
Description: Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the configuration of network interfaces using iproute2.
- Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting the default route using iproute2.
- Debug problems associated with the network configuration.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ip
- hostname
- ss
- ping
- ping6
- traceroute
- traceroute6
- tracepath
- tracepath6
- netcat
- ifconfig
- netstat
- route
109.4 Configure client side DNS
Weight: 2
Description: Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Query remote DNS servers.
- Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.
- Modify the order in which name resolution is done.
- Debug errors related to name resolution.
- Awareness of systemd-resolved.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/nsswitch.conf
- host
- dig
- getent
Topic 110: Security
110.1 Perform security administration tasks
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host security in accordance with local security policies.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
- Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
- Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
- Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
- Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.
- Basic sudo configuration and usage.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- find
- passwd
- fuser
- lsof
- nmap
- chage
- netstat
- sudo
-/etc/sudoers
- su
- usermod
- ulimit
- who, w, last
110.2 Setup host security
Weight: 3
Description: Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
- Turn off network services not in use.
- Understand the role of TCP wrappers.
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- /etc/nologin
- /etc/passwd
- /etc/shadow
- /etc/xinetd.d/
- /etc/xinetd.conf
- systemd.socket
- /etc/inittab
- /etc/init.d/
- /etc/hosts.allow
- /etc/hosts.deny
110.3 Securing data with encryption
Weight: 4
Description: The candidate should be able to use public key techniques to secure data and communication.
Key Knowledge Areas:
- Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
- Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.
- Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.
- Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files.
- Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- ssh
- ssh-keygen
- ssh-agent
- ssh-add
- ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub
- ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key and ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
- /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
- ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
- ssh_known_hosts
- gpg
- gpg-agent
- ~/.gnupg/ LPIC-1 exam 102, Part 2 of 2, version 5.0 LPI version syllabus Killexams : LPI version syllabus - BingNews
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https://killexams.com/exam_list/LPIKillexams : Purdue Syllabus Guidelines
Constructing a syllabus is an important component of the course design process. The following materials reflect a research-supported framework to help create a pathway to success in your course. Each semester, Innovative Learning reviews the syllabus framework, identifying needed updates and resources.
The Word files linked below outline Required and Recommended components for your syllabus. Many of these components are already in your Brightspace shell. They just need updates specific to your course. The files below include language that comes directly from University policies or is suggested by the University Senate or specific units. Other demo language reflects an autonomy-supportive classroom that can influence student perception and performance (Young-Jones, Levesque, Fursa & McCain 2019). Italicized text indicates notes to instructors. Plain text provides examples of language.
Tips for creating your syllabus:
Don’t revise what you don’t have to. The University Policies and Statements and Student Services widget in the Brightspace shell are updated each semester and automatically populated. You may add additional resources that might help your students to your syllabus.
Once your syllabus is complete, please also upload it to Purdue’s Course Insights syllabus archiving system. For questions related to the syllabus framework, email innovativelearningteam@purdue.edu.
Note: The Purdue syllabus guidelines are influenced by Instruction Matters: Purdue Academic Course Transformation (IMPACT) and the resources available through Purdue’s Brightspace learning management system (LMS). It also addresses criteria of the valid and reliable syllabus rubric published by the University of Virginia Center for Teaching Excellence (Palmer, Bach & Streifer 2017). Components fall under five categories: 1) Essential course information, instructor contact information, and course description, 2) Specific, student-centered learning outcomes and objectives that are clear, articulated and measurable (Bristol et al 2019), 3) Assessment strategies for all graded assignments that make explicit connections between learning outcomes, activities, and content, 4) Pedagogical approaches and activities that help students achieve the course outcomes and objectives, and 5) Policies and approaches that foster engaging, student-centered learning environments.
References
Adena Young-Jones, Chantal Levesque, Sophie Fursa & Jason McCain (2019): Autonomy-supportive language in the syllabus: supporting students from the first day. Teaching in Higher Education. DOI: 10.1080/13562517.2019.1661375.
Levesque-Bristol, C., Flierl, M., Zywicki, C., Parker, L.C., Connor, C., Guberman, D., Nelson, D., Maybee, C., Bonem, E., FitzSimmons, J., & Lott, E. (2019). Creating Student-Centered Learning Environments and Changing Teaching Culture: Purdue University’s IMPACT Program. National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment (NILOA).
Palmer, M. S., Bach, D. J., & Streifer, A. C. (2014). Measuring the promise: A learning‐focused syllabus rubric. To Strengthen the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development, 33 (1), 14-36.
Fri, 10 Feb 2023 05:38:00 -0600en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.purdue.edu/innovativelearning/tools-resources/syllabus-template/Killexams : Supplemental SyllabusKillexams : Supplemental SyllabusSkip to Main ContentSkip to Main NavigationSkip to Footer
The University of North Georgia welcomes diversity, free speech, and the free exchange of ideas. Discussion should be held in an environment characterized by openness, tolerance of differences, and civility. The values of an intellectual community are trust, honesty, free inquiry, open debate, respect for diversity, and respect for others’ convictions. Further, the intellectual community always seeks to foster the virtues and characteristics of intelligence, curiosity, discipline, creativity, integrity, clear expression, and the desire to learn from others. It is these that must guide our work and exchanges in this class. These principles are delineated further in the ACE Statement on Academic Rights and Responsibilities.
If these values and principles are breached, students have the right and responsibility to discuss their concerns with the course instructor and, as needed, the department head. Usually, the concerns are addressed at this level, but sometimes the department head may refer students to another resource. In the event that either the student or the instructor is not satisfied after discussion with each other, he/she may take his/her concerns in writing to the Associate Provost for Academic Administration.
Student Code of Conduct and Honor Code
The Dean of Students has outlined a Student Code of Conduct, which includes the Honor Code. The Honor Code at the university is: A student will not lie, cheat, steal, plagiarize, evade the truth, conspire to deceive, or tolerate those who do. As described in the UNG Student Honor Code video, the Honor Code is a statement of how we act as a community. This is a philosophic ideal and helps us live out the University's core values. The Honor Code should guide individual behavior and remind each person of the expectations within the community.
Plagiarism and Turnitin.com
Students agree that by taking this course all required papers may be subject to submission for textual similarity review to Turnitin.com for the detection of plagiarism. All submitted papers will be included as source documents in the Turnitin.com reference database solely for the purpose of detecting plagiarism of such papers. Use of the Turnitin.com service is subject to the Terms and Conditions of Use posted on the Turnitin.com site.
Copyright
Both Federal and State laws forbid the unlawful duplication of copyrighted computer software or other reproductions of copyrighted material. In accordance with these policies, the University of North Georgia expressly forbids the copying of such materials supplied by or used in the university. Unlawful duplication of copyrighted materials by a user may result in disciplinary action by the university under the Student Code of Conduct (Non-Academic Infractions - Prohibitions, Theft), and/or possible criminal action by the owner of the copyright.
UNG has implemented an Academic Success Plan Program to identify and provide assistance to at-risk undergraduate students. Refer to your campus Academic Advising Center for the development of strategies that will enhance your academic success. You will be expected to take advantage of advising and other campus resources to achieve your academic goals.
Class evaluations at UNG are conducted online. Evaluation of the class is considered a component of the course and students will not be permitted to access their course grade until the evaluation has been completed. The evaluations will be accessible beginning one week prior to Final exam week.
CR – Credit (for Military experience)
I (Incomplete grades) - This grade indicates that a student was doing satisfactory work but, for non-academic reasons beyond her/his control, was unable to meet the full requirements of the course. For undergraduate programs, if an I is not satisfactorily removed after one semester (excluding summer), the symbol of I will be changed to the grade of F by the appropriate official. For graduate programs, if an I is not satisfactorily removed after two semesters (excluding summer), the symbol of I will be changed to the grade of F by the appropriate official. Under special circumstances, this period of time can be increased with the approval of the department head and the dean.
IP (In Progress) - This grade is appropriate for thesis hours, project courses, and Learning Support (LS) courses. It is not appropriate for traditional credit courses. If an IP grade isn't satisfactorily removed after 3 semesters, the symbol of IP will be changed to the grade of F by the appropriate official. Under special circumstances, this period of time can be increased with the approval of the dean. However, students who receive a grade of IP in a LS course or an ESL will retain this grade due to the nature of the course.
K - Student was given credit for the course via a credit by examination program
MW – Withdrawal for military exigencies
NR - The grade was not reported by the instructor
S - Student completed the course with satisfactory work
U - Student did not complete the course with satisfactory work
V - The student was given permission to audit the course. Students may not transfer from audit to credit status or vice versa. If an audit student withdraws from a course prior to the end of the term, a grade of W will be assigned as the course grade rather than a grade of V. Any audit student who is dropped by the instructor for excessive absences will be assigned a grade of W.
W or WF - The student was permitted to withdraw without penalty. Students may withdraw from courses prior to the midterm and receive a grade of W. However, instructors have the ability to change a grade of W to WF if the student is failing the course at the time of withdrawal. According to policy, the instructor must include the right to retain this ability in the course syllabus. Withdrawals without penalty will not be permitted after the midpoint of the total grading period except in cases of hardship as determined by the Vice Provost of Academic Affairs or his/her designee.
Student Enrollment
Students are considered active (eligible to register) if they enroll in both Fall and Spring semesters each year. Failure to do so requires a student to complete a re-enrollment form in Admissions. Summer semester enrollment is not required for active student status.
Course Attempts
Students may only attempt a course three times at UNG regardless of whether a “W” or a grade was assigned to the course (except for Learning Support and ESL courses).
Course Attendance
The Registrar’s Office will withdraw (W grade on transcript) students whose names are marked as non-attending by faculty during the Roll/Attendance Verification periods.
The University of North Georgia is committed to equal access to its programs, services, and activities, and welcomes otherwise qualified students with disabilities. (Disabilities include but are not limited to: learning barriers, medical concerns, or mobility concerns). Students who require accommodations and services must register with Student Accessibility Services. Student Accessibility Services provides accommodation memos for eligible students to provide to their instructors. Students are responsible for providing the “Accommodations Letter” to the instructors and must provide reasonable prior notice of the need for accommodation.
Students who exhibit behaviors that are considered to obstruct or disrupt the class or its learning activities are subject to sanctions under the Board of Regents Policy on Disruptive Behavior. Behaviors which may be considered inappropriate in the classroom include, but are not limited to, sleeping, coming in late, talking out of turn, inappropriate use of laptops or mobile devices, verbal behavior that is disrespectful of other students or the faculty member, non-compliance with the health and safety guidelines of the university, or other behaviors that may be disruptive. Students who exhibit such behavior may be temporarily dismissed from the class by the instructor and will be subject to disciplinary procedures outlined in the Student Handbook.
In the event of inclement weather that causes a campus closure or delayed opening, an announcement will be distributed first through the university’s Emergency Notification System. In the event of emergencies, closures or delayed openings, this system will provide important information regarding university operations or emergency actions. You can also find the status of each campus and more information on the UNG Emergency Information page.
Inclement weather notifications are likely to be segmented by campus location, as weather conditions may vary widely in the university’s five-campus area. Students will receive alerts for only the campus(es) where they are taking classes.
The Office of University Relations will also disseminate information through local media outlets.
If you do not have access to Banner, contact the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator at 678-717-3719 to have your information updated.
UNG Institutional Values
Excellence - Promoting standards of performance and accountability that exceed expectations
Student-focus - Facilitating success and educational goal attainment for all students and fostering a welcoming environment that values and reflects diversity and inclusion.
Integrity - Cultivating in ourselves and in others the willingness and steadfastness to act honestly and ethically
Engagement - Promoting active involvement, intellectual inquiry and creativity, collaboration, and community partnership
Service - Giving of oneself to enhance the life and richness of the university and all of its members, as well as the larger community
UNG Alert is the primary emergency messaging system that delivers text messages, voice calls, e-mails and desktop computer alerts in the event of severe weather, campus emergency, emergency evacuation, or other campus emergency.
All UNG emails are added into the system automatically. In addition, you may enter a phone number so that emergency announcements can be sent to you via voice and text message.
If you have questions, please contact Public Safety at 706-864-1500 or send an e-mail to emeralert@ung.edu.
If you do not have access to Banner, contact the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator at 678-717-3719 to have your information updated.
Establishing Connection...
Sat, 15 Aug 2020 07:21:00 -0500entext/htmlhttps://ung.edu/academic-affairs/policies-and-guidelines/supplemental-syllabus.phpKillexams : ISC Syllabus for Class 12 2023: get Revised & Reduced Syllabus PDF
ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2023: The Council For The Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) board has released the revised and reduced syllabus for the ISC Class 12th students for the 2022-2023 academic year. The ISC Class 12 board exams commenced from 12 February, and the time couldn’t be more appropriate to take one last look at the ISC Class 12 Syllabus.
ISC Syllabus 2023 for Class 12th Board Exam
ISC Class 12 Syllabus: A new year has begun, and with it, the examination season. The Council For The Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) board has released the latest and revised syllabus for the ISC Class 12th exams 2023. The ISC syllabus class 12 pdf can be downloaded from the official website of the CISCE school board. We have also covered the syllabus here in this article, where you can view and get the pdf of all ISC Class 12th subjects.
There aren’t many changes in the ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2023, but students should still take a look at the official syllabus. Sometimes, practicing the syllabus after a while highlights the courses that students often miss the first time. Senior secondary is an important stage of life in every student’s life and plays a critical role in deciding their future and preparing them for it. And the ISC Class 12 isn’t to be taken lightly. The ISC Class 12 syllabus is one of the most difficult syllabuses in India. Students often get lost and demotivated, just going through the extensive syllabus. But nonetheless, it’s essential to know the correct ISC syllabus for class 12 students, especially if you want to ace the final exams.
Download ISC Syllabus for Class 12 in PDF
The ISC Board syllabus is one of the most challenging and extensive in the country. But here you can get the syllabus of all the subjects at the same place and that too in pdf format.
The ISC Class 12th Syllabus offers several benefits to the students. It doesn’t just list the courses and leave the readers hanging. The entire course curriculum, marking scheme, course wise marks distribution, and evaluation standards are comprehensively covered in the ISC syllabus for class 12. Both the theory and practical syllabuses are covered in depth. The ISC class 12 syllabus also includes the important exam details like duration and section-wise weightage. All this information will be eternally beneficial to the ISC class 12 students.
How Does the ISC 12th Syllabus Help Students in Their Board exam Preparation?
The ISC 12th Syllabus is a crucial part of all students’ exam preparation. There is no point studying without knowing the correct syllabus. Doing so is a surefire way to confuse yourself and perform poorly in exams. The ISC Class 12th syllabus gives students an idea of the vastness of the course, the exam weightage and the importance of courses and evaluation standards for both theory and practical exams.
The syllabus of ISC Class 12 is the list of courses that all students have to study in a given academic year. The ISC Class 12 syllabus of all subject in detail and in pdf format is provided on the Jagran Josh website. You can also get it on the official website of the CISCE board.
Can I score good marks using the ISC Class 12th Syllabus of 2022-2023?
Yes, you can score good marks in the ISC board exams 2023 using the official reduced and revised syllabus for class 12. Knowing the correct syllabus is essential to prepare well for the exams. Otherwise, students end up missing courses and perform poorly in the exams.
Thu, 16 Feb 2023 03:30:00 -0600text/htmlhttps://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/isc-syllabus-class-12-1674566922-1Killexams : Syllabus Development
The Syllabus area of the myCourses course template is organized into the following sections:
Course Information and Expectations
Instructor Contact Information
Course Requirements and Resources
Activities and Assignments
Assessment and Grading
Course Policies
Course Schedule
Much of the information needed for the Course Information and Expectations section—particularly the all-important learning outcomes and assessment methods—should be taken directly from the official Course Outline Form for your assigned course(s). Your department chair or program head can provide you with the form(s) and guidance on what is and is not modifiable in the transition to a course syllabus. If you are designing a new course, however, you will need to successfully complete the RIT course proposal process.
Before completing the Course Policies section, we encourage you to first consult our companion webpage, RIT Policies for Your Syllabus. The External Resources section (below) provides helpful information, advice, and examples for developing the remaining sections of your syllabus.
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Sun, 30 Jan 2022 08:56:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.rit.edu/teaching/syllabus-developmentKillexams : LPI Capital Bhd (KLSE:LPI) most popular amongst private companies who own 45% of the shares, institutions hold 28%
To get a sense of who is truly in control of LPI Capital Bhd (KLSE:LPI), it is important to understand the ownership structure of the business. With 45% stake, private companies possess the maximum shares in the company. Put another way, the group faces the maximum upside potential (or downside risk).
Institutions, on the other hand, account for 28% of the company's stockholders. Generally speaking, as a company grows, institutions will increase their ownership. Conversely, insiders often decrease their ownership over time.
Let's take a closer look to see what the different types of shareholders can tell us about LPI Capital Bhd.
What Does The Institutional Ownership Tell Us About LPI Capital Bhd?
Institutions typically measure themselves against a benchmark when reporting to their own investors, so they often become more enthusiastic about a stock once it's included in a major index. We would expect most companies to have some institutions on the register, especially if they are growing.
We can see that LPI Capital Bhd does have institutional investors; and they hold a good portion of the company's stock. This can indicate that the company has a certain degree of credibility in the investment community. However, it is best to be wary of relying on the supposed validation that comes with institutional investors. They too, get it wrong sometimes. It is not uncommon to see a big share price drop if two large institutional investors try to sell out of a stock at the same time. So it is worth checking the past earnings trajectory of LPI Capital Bhd, (below). Of course, keep in mind that there are other factors to consider, too.
earnings-and-revenue-growth
LPI Capital Bhd is not owned by hedge funds. Looking at our data, we can see that the largest shareholder is Consolidated Teh Holdings Sdn Berhad with 43% of shares outstanding. Public Mutual Berhad is the second largest shareholder owning 9.4% of common stock, and Sompo Asset Management Co.,Ltd. holds about 8.5% of the company stock.
A more detailed study of the shareholder registry showed us that 2 of the top shareholders have a considerable amount of ownership in the company, via their 52% stake.
While studying institutional ownership for a company can add value to your research, it is also a good practice to research analyst recommendations to get a deeper understand of a stock's expected performance. There are a reasonable number of analysts covering the stock, so it might be useful to find out their aggregate view on the future.
Insider Ownership Of LPI Capital Bhd
The definition of an insider can differ slightly between different countries, but members of the board of directors always count. Company management run the business, but the CEO will answer to the board, even if he or she is a member of it.
Insider ownership is positive when it signals leadership are thinking like the true owners of the company. However, high insider ownership can also provide immense power to a small group within the company. This can be negative in some circumstances.
Shareholders would probably be interested to learn that insiders own shares in LPI Capital Bhd. It is a pretty big company, so it is generally a positive to see some potentially meaningful alignment. In this case, they own around RM182m worth of shares (at current prices). If you would like to explore the question of insider alignment, you can click here to see if insiders have been buying or selling.
General Public Ownership
The general public, who are usually individual investors, hold a 23% stake in LPI Capital Bhd. While this group can't necessarily call the shots, it can certainly have a real influence on how the company is run.
Private Company Ownership
It seems that Private Companies own 45%, of the LPI Capital Bhd stock. Private companies may be related parties. Sometimes insiders have an interest in a public company through a holding in a private company, rather than in their own capacity as an individual. While it's hard to draw any broad stroke conclusions, it is worth noting as an area for further research.
NB: Figures in this article are calculated using data from the last twelve months, which refer to the 12-month period ending on the last date of the month the financial statement is dated. This may not be consistent with full year annual report figures.
Have feedback on this article? Concerned about the content?Get in touchwith us directly.Alternatively, email editorial-team (at) simplywallst.com.
This article by Simply Wall St is general in nature. We provide commentary based on historical data and analyst forecasts only using an unbiased methodology and our articles are not intended to be financial advice. It does not constitute a recommendation to buy or sell any stock, and does not take account of your objectives, or your financial situation. We aim to bring you long-term focused analysis driven by fundamental data. Note that our analysis may not factor in the latest price-sensitive company announcements or qualitative material. Simply Wall St has no position in any stocks mentioned.
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Sun, 01 Jan 2023 17:43:00 -0600en-UStext/htmlhttps://www.yahoo.com/now/lpi-capital-bhd-klse-lpi-073129019.htmlKillexams : Meet The World's First Modified Lamborghini Countach LPI 800-4
Eye-Catching Modifications
A Lamborghini Countach sporting a unique factory-applied Blu Hal finish that has been lowered and paired with attention-grabbing, mirror-polished golden wheels makes it the only one of its kind on the planet.
An Automotive Masterpiece
This breathtaking Countach LPI 800-4 by Lamborghini stands out from 112 other special edition models. The iridescent pearlescent finish is reminiscent of the Tuscans with ChromaFlair, and reminds us of the Nissan Skyline Midnight Purple.
The Modifications
The car is fitted with two-piece ANRKY Wheels' X Series S2-X0 and red brake calipers. It has been lowered with a static lowering kit. Considering these mods are easily reversible, these changes should not negatively impact the car's value in the future.
Head-Turning And Neck-Breaking
This combination of a $60,000 Blu Hal finish and bright polished gold wheels is likely to turn some heads - and make some purists a little less than thrilled. But the Sant'Agata brand has always embraced standing out from the crowd, and this car certainly does that.
A Bit Too Bold A Build
Swipe up to watch the video featuring the customized exclusive supercar. Do you think the owner has gone too over the top with this specification?
Wed, 01 Feb 2023 02:38:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://carbuzz.com/stories/meet-the-worlds-first-modified-lamborghini-countach-lpi-800-4Killexams : LPI confident of tackling challenges in 2023
KUALA LUMPUR: LPI Capital Bhd said it will remain focused on business growth to offset an expected compression in margins following the implementation of Phase 2A of the market liberalisation plan.
Presenting its outlook for 2023, the insurer said it remains confident of its ability to adapt and innovate despite the insurance industry facing rising claims and reinsurance costs.
It noted also the global political and economic uncertainties and rapidly changing operating models.
"The LPI Group’s prudent underwriting approach and diversified business development channels will facilitate it to weather the numerous challenges in FY2023," it added in a statement.
In the fourth quarter of FY22 ended Dec 31, 2022, LPI said net profit was RM83.57mil, 14.47% improved from RM73.07mil in the previous corresponding quarter.
This came on the back of revenue of RM433.17mil in 4QFY22, up from RM429.04mil in 4QFY21.
According to the group, the improved quarterly performance was mainly contributed by an increase in investment income and a lower provision for fair value losses on investment.
For the full year, LPI's net profit came to RM276.61mil, down from RM344.68mil a year earlier.
The company's earnings per share dropped to 69.43 sen FY22 as compared with 86.52 sen in FY21.
The company reported revenue of RM1.66bil for the year under review, 3.5% lower from RM1.72bil in FY21.
The group announced a second interim dividend of 35 sen per share amounting to RM139.4mil despite the lower profitability in FY22.
This brings LPI's total dividend payout in FY22 to 60 sen a share or RM239mil, representing 86.4% of the group's net profit attributable to shareholders.
"In FY2022, the group’s performance was affected by significant changes to the operating environment as the domestic economy reopened following two years of pandemic-related restrictions under the Movement Control Order (MCO).
"While the resumption of business and social activities catalysed a return to growth, it also gave rise to insurance claims returning to pre-pandemic level following a significant decline over the past two years," said LPI.
It said its wholly owned subsidiary Lonpac Insurance Bhd continued to see an increase in claims frequency and value with its claims incurred ratio deteriorating to 40.5% from 37.7% in the previous corresponding quarter.
"With management expense ratio at 18% and commission ratio at 7.6%, Lonpac’s combined ratio for the 4th quarter of FY22 rose to 66.1% against 62.8% reported in the previous corresponding Quarter.
"With the higher claims experience, the Underwriting Profit of Lonpac was 4.5% lower at RM91mil against RM95.3mil achieved in FY2021," said LPI.
Mon, 06 Feb 2023 15:21:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2023/02/07/lpi-confident-of-tackling-challenges-in-2023Killexams : LPI prepares for challenging outlook
“The LPI Group will remain focused on business growth to offset the expected compression in margins arising from the implementation of phase 2A of the market liberalisation plan,” the company said.
PETALING JAYA: LPI Capital Bhd expects a more challenging outlook for the year and will adapt to face the circumstances ahead.
The insurer said it remained confident of its ability to adapt and innovate.
“The LPI Group will remain focused on business growth to offset the expected compression in margins arising from the implementation of phase 2A of the market liberalisation plan,” the company said in a statement.
“We will continue to drive our digital transformation to Strengthen the customer experience and enhance operational efficiency.
“The LPI Group’s prudent underwriting approach and diversified business development channels will facilitate it to weather the numerous challenges in 2023,” it added.
According to the group, the country’s economy is expected to moderate in 2023 amid challenging external conditions and slowing domestic demand.
“As the insurance industry faces rising claims and reinsurance costs, global political and economic uncertainties and rapidly changing operating models, the ability to change and effectively adapt quickly remains as important as ever.
“We will also continue to drive our digital transformation to Strengthen the customer experience and enhance operational efficiency.
LPI Capital’s fourth quarter ended Dec 31, 2022 net profit showed a 14.4% year-on-year (y-o-y) improvement to RM83.57mil on the back of quarterly revenues improving by 1% y-o-y to RM429mil.
“The improved profitability was mainly contributed by an increase in investment income and a lower provision for fair value losses on investment,” it said.
LPI said its net return on equity for the same period under review was higher at 3.8% from 3.4% while earnings per share came in at 20.97 sen compared with 18.34 sen recorded in the previous year’s corresponding quarter.LPI Capital had declared a second interim single-tier dividend of 35 sen that would be paid on March 2.
The group said the entitlement would be determined on the basis of the record of depositors as at Feb 22, 2023.
In FY22, LPI Capital said its performance was affected by significant changes in the operating environment as the domestic economy reopened after the Covid-19 lockdowns.
“While the resumption of business and social activities catalysed a return to growth, it also gave rise to insurance claims returning to pre-pandemic level following a significant decline over the past two years,” it said.
“As a result of the normalisation of claims, the group’s profitability had deteriorated on a year-on-year basis,” it added.
Tue, 07 Feb 2023 12:22:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2023/02/08/lpi-prepares-for-challenging-outlookKillexams : Study provides new understanding of how CBD reduces epileptic seizures
Over the last 20 years, the use of cannabidiol (CBD) to treat epileptic seizures has gained traction, particularly where anti-seizure medications have failed. CBD’s anticonvulsant properties are well-known; however, a new study has highlighted a previously unknown way CBD reduces seizures, especially in people with treatment-resistant epilepsy.
In very basic physiological terms, electrical impulses travel down a neuronal pathway until they reach a gap, or synapse. Here, neurotransmitters are released and traverse the gap, either exciting or inhibiting the next cell in line.
To function properly, neuronal circuits require coordination between synaptic excitation and inhibition. Dysfunction in the excitatory-inhibitory (E:I) ratio can result in seizures. While it is known that G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), present on the surface of neuronal cells, regulates the E:I ratio, the exact mechanism by which it does so is not well understood.
Likewise, how CBD, the non-euphoric component of cannabis, suppresses seizure activity at a molecular level is poorly understood. It is thought that CBD acts as an antagonist, blocking the effects of the lipid lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), a naturally occurring GPR55 agonist.
Previous double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials undertaken in the US have demonstrated that CBD reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures and regulates the E:I ratio in acute seizures. The efficacy of these trials has led the FDA to approve a plant-derived, purified form of CBD to treat seizure disorders.
A study led by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine used rodents to test the relationship between LPI and GPR55 as a potential modulator of E:I ratio and the impact that CBD has on both.
Researchers confirmed a previous finding that CBD blocks the ability of LPI to amplify nerve signals in the hippocampus, the area of the brain associated with epilepsy.
But they also discovered something previously unknown: when LPI interacts with GPR55, it weakens the signals that suppress seizures. This means that the LPI-GPR55 pathway can result in a positive feedback loop whereby seizures increase LPI-GPR55 signaling, producing more seizures and increasing levels of LPI-GPR55. The process continues in a vicious cycle, providing one explanation for prolonged seizure activity.
Findings suggest that CBD effectively short-circuits this feedback loop, restoring the E:I ratio, thereby further increasing CBD's value as an anticonvulsant treatment.
“Our results deepen the field’s understanding of a central seizure-inducing mechanism, with many implications for the pursuit of new treatment approaches,” said Richard Tsien, chair of the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience at NYU Langone Health and corresponding author of the study.
Given that E:I imbalances are found in other conditions, the findings of this study have the potential for wider application.
“The study also clarified, not just how CBD counters seizures, but more broadly how circuits are balanced in the brain,” Tsien said. “Related imbalances are present in autism and schizophrenia, so the paper may have a broader impact.”
Sun, 12 Feb 2023 10:01:00 -0600en-UStext/htmlhttps://newatlas.com/medical/study-understanding-cbd-reduces-epileptic-seizures/Killexams : Study reveals how CBD counters epileptic seizures
A study reveals a previously unknown way in which cannabidiol (CBD), a substance found in cannabis, reduces seizures in many treatment-resistant forms of pediatric epilepsy.
Led by researchers at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, the new study found that CBD blocked signals carried by a molecule called lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). Found in brain cells called neurons, LPI is thought to amplify nerve signals as part of normal function, but can be hijacked by disease to promote seizures.
Published online February 13 in Neuron, the work confirmed a previous finding that CBD blocks the ability of LPI to amplify nerve signals in a brain region called the hippocampus. The current findings argue for the first time that LPI also weakens signals that counter seizures, further explaining the value of CBD treatment.
"Our results deepen the field's understanding of a central seizure-inducing mechanism, with many implications for the pursuit of new treatment approaches," said corresponding author Richard W. Tsien, chair of the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience at NYU Langone Health.
"The study also clarified, not just how CBD counters seizures, but more broadly how circuits are balanced in the brain," added Tsien. "Related imbalances are present in autism and schizophrenia, so the paper may have a broader impact."
The study results build on how each neuron "fires" to send an electrical pulse down an extension of itself until it reaches a synapse, the gap that connects it to the next cell in a neuronal pathway. When it reaches the cell's end before the synapse, the pulse triggers the release of compounds called neurotransmitters that float across the gap to affect the next cell in line. Upon crossing, such signals either encourage the cell to fire (excitation), or apply the brakes on firing (inhibition). Balance between the two are essential to brain function; too much excitation promotes seizures.
The new study looked at several rodent models to explore mechanisms behind seizures, often by measuring information-carrying electrical current flows with fine-tipped electrodes. Other experiments looked at the effect of LPI by genetically removing its main signaling partner, or by measuring the release of LPI following seizures.
The tests confirmed past findings that LPI influences nerve signals by binding to a protein called G-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), on neuron cell surfaces. This LPI-GPR55 presynaptic interaction was found to cause the release of calcium ions within the cell, which encouraged cells to release glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter. Further, when LPI activated GPR55 on the other side of the synapse, it weakened inhibition, by decreasing the supply and proper arrangement of proteins necessary for inhibition. Collectively, this creates a "dangerous" two-pronged mechanism to increase excitability, say the authors.
The research team found that either genetically engineering mice to lack GPR55, or treating mice with plant-derived CBD prior to seizure-inducing stimuli, blocked LPI-mediated effects on both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. While prior studies had implicated GPR55 as a seizure-reducing target of CBD, the current work provided a more detailed, proposed mechanism of action.
The authors propose that CBD blocks a "positive feedback loop" in which seizures increase LPI-GPR55 signaling, which likely encourages more seizures, which in turn increases levels of both LPI and GPR55. The proposed vicious cycle provides one process that could explain repeated epileptic seizures, although future studies are needed to confirm this.
Further, the current study examined the plant-based cannabinoid CBD, but the authors note that LPI is part of signaling network that includes "endocannabinoids" like 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) that occur naturally in human tissues. LPI and 2-AG target receptors also regulated by CBD, but have different actions at the synapse. While LPI amplifies incoming electrical signals, endocannabinoids like 2-AG respond to increases in brain activity by dialing down the release of neurotransmitters from nerve cells. Interestingly, LPI and 2-AG can be converted into each other through actions of enzymes.
"Theoretically, the brain could control activity by toggling between pro-excitatory LPI and the restorative actions of 2-AG," said first study author Evan Rosenberg, Ph.D., a post-doctoral scholar in the Tsein's lab. "Drug designers could inhibit the enzymes that underpin LPI production or promote its conversion to 2-AG, as an additional approach to control seizures. LPI could also serve as a biomarker of seizures or predictor of clinical responsiveness to CBD, providing an area of future research."
Citation: Study reveals how CBD counters epileptic seizures (2023, February 13) retrieved 19 February 2023 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-02-reveals-cbd-counters-epileptic-seizures.html
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