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Course Outline: LPIC-101 Certified Linux Administrator
This course prepares students to take the 101 test of the LPI level 1 certification. The
Linux Professional Institute (LPI) is the go to certification body for vendor independent
Linux certifications. This course covers fundamental Linux skills such as file
management and manipulation, text processing, command line use, package
management, filesystems, hardware, and many more. Students will feel confident
taking the LPI LPIC-1 101 test with in classroom assessments and practice exams.
Module 1: Work on the command line
ï‚· Role of command shell
ï‚· Shells
ï‚· Gathering system info
ï‚· Identifying the shell
ï‚· Changing the shell
ï‚· Shell prompts
ï‚· Bash: bourne-again shell
ï‚· Navigating the filesystem
ï‚· Help from commands and documentation
ï‚· Getting help within the graphical desktop
ï‚· Getting help with man $ info
ï‚· Bash: command line history
ï‚· Bash: command editing
ï‚· Bash: command completion
ï‚· Shell and environment variables
ï‚· Key environment variables Lab tasks
ï‚· Help with commands
ï‚· Linux shells
ï‚· Shell variables
ï‚· Bash history
ï‚· Aliases
Module 2: Use streams, pipes, and redirects
ï‚· File redirection
ï‚· Piping commands together
ï‚· Filename matching
ï‚· File globbing and wildcard patterns
ï‚· Brace expansion
ï‚· General quoting rules
ï‚· Nesting commands
ï‚· Gotchas: maximum command length
Lab tasks
ï‚· Redirection and pipes
ï‚· Wildcard file matching
ï‚· Shell meta-characters
ï‚· Command substitution
Module 3: Manage file permissions and ownership
ï‚· Filesystem hierarchy standard
ï‚· Displaying directory contents
ï‚· Filesystem structures
ï‚· Determining disk usage with df and du
ï‚· File ownership
ï‚· Default group ownership
ï‚· File and directory permissions
ï‚· File creation permissions with umask
ï‚· Changing file permissions
ï‚· Suid and sgid on files
ï‚· Sgid and sticky bit on directories
ï‚· User private group scheme
Lab tasks
ï‚· Navigating directories and listing files
ï‚· Disk and filesystem usage
ï‚· File and directory ownership and permissions
Module 4: Create, delete, find, and display files
ï‚· Directory manipulation
ï‚· File manipulation
ï‚· Deleting and creating files
ï‚· Physical unix file structure
ï‚· Filesystem links
ï‚· File extensions and content
ï‚· Which and type
ï‚· Whereis
ï‚· Searching the filesystem
ï‚· Alternate search method
ï‚· Manually installed shared libraries
Lab tasks
ï‚· Manipulating files and directories
Module 5: Work with archives and compression
ï‚· Archives with tar
ï‚· Archives with cpio
ï‚· The gzip compression utility
ï‚· The bzip2 compression utility
ï‚· The xz compression utility
ï‚· The pkzip archiving/compression format
Lab tasks
ï‚· Archiving and compression
ï‚· Using tar for backups
ï‚· Using cpio for backups
Module 6: Process text streams using filters
ï‚· Producing file statistics
ï‚· The streaming editor
ï‚· Replacing text characters
ï‚· Text sorting
ï‚· Duplicate removal utility
ï‚· Extracting columns of text
ï‚· Displaying files
ï‚· Prepare text for display
ï‚· Previewing files
ï‚· Displaying binary files
ï‚· Combining files and merging text
Lab tasks
ï‚· Text processing
ï‚· Processing text streams
Module 7: Search text files using regular expressions
ï‚· Searching inside files
ï‚· Regular expression overview
ï‚· Regular expressions
ï‚· Re character classes
ï‚· Regex quantifiers
ï‚· Re parenthesis
Lab tasks
ï‚· Pattern matching with regular expressions
ï‚· Extended regular expressions
ï‚· Using regular expressions with sed
Module 8: Perform basic file editing operations using vi
ï‚· Text editing
ï‚· Vi and vim
ï‚· Learning vim
ï‚· Basic vi
ï‚· Intermediate vi
Lab tasks
ï‚· Text editing with vim
Module 9: Create, monitor, and kill processes
ï‚· What is a process?
ï‚· Process lifecycle
ï‚· Process states
ï‚· Viewing processes
ï‚· Signals
ï‚· Tools to send signals
ï‚· Managing processes
ï‚· Tuning process scheduling
ï‚· Job control overview
ï‚· Job control commands
ï‚· Nohup and disown
ï‚· Uptime
ï‚· Persistent shell sessions with screen
ï‚· Using screen
ï‚· Advanced screen
Lab tasks
ï‚· Job control basics
ï‚· Process management basics
ï‚· Screen basics
ï‚· Using screen regions
Module 10: Use rpm, yum, and debian package management
ï‚· Managing software
ï‚· Rpm architecture
ï‚· Working with rpms
ï‚· Querying and verifying with rpm
ï‚· Installing debian packages
ï‚· Querying and verifying with dpkg
ï‚· The alien package conversion tool
ï‚· Managing software dependencies
ï‚· Using the yum command
ï‚· Yumdownloader
ï‚· Configuring yum
ï‚· The dselect $ apt frontends to dpkg
ï‚· Aptitude
ï‚· Configuring apt
Lab tasks
ï‚· Working with rpms on ubuntu
ï‚· Querying the rpm database
Module 11: Work with partitions, filesystems, and disk quotas
ï‚· Partition considerations
ï‚· Logical volume management
ï‚· Filesystem planning
ï‚· Partitioning disks with fdisk $ gdisk
ï‚· Resizing a gpt partition with gdisk
ï‚· Partitioning disks with parted
ï‚· Filesystem creation
ï‚· Filesystem support
ï‚· Unix/linux filesystem features
ï‚· Swap
ï‚· Selecting a filesystem
ï‚· Filesystem maintenance
ï‚· Mounting filesystems
ï‚· Mounting filesystems
ï‚· Managing an xfs filesystem
ï‚· Nfs
ï‚· Smb
ï‚· Filesystem table (/etc/fstab)
ï‚· Configuring disk quotas
ï‚· Setting quotas
ï‚· Viewing and monitoring quotas
Lab tasks
ï‚· Hot adding swap
ï‚· Accessing nfs shares
ï‚· Setting user quotas
Module 12: Linux boot process
ï‚· Booting Linux on pcs
ï‚· Grub 2
ï‚· Grub 2 configuration
ï‚· Grub legacy configuration
ï‚· Boot parameters
ï‚· Init
ï‚· Linux runlevels aliases
ï‚· Systemd local-fs.target and sysinit.target
ï‚· Runlevel implementation
ï‚· System boot method overview
ï‚· Systemd system and service manager
ï‚· Systemd targets
ï‚· Using systemd
ï‚· Shutdown and reboot
ï‚· System messaging commands
ï‚· Controlling system messaging
Lab tasks
ï‚· Command line messaging
ï‚· Messaging with talkd
ï‚· Boot process
ï‚· Grub command line
ï‚· Basic grub security
Module 13: Determine and configure hardware settings
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LPI
101-500
LPIC-1 test 101
https://killexams.com/pass4sure/exam-detail/101-500 Question: 78
CORRECT TEXT
What is the name of the main configuration file for GNU GRUB? (Specify the file name only without any path.) Answer: menu.lst, grub.conf, grub.cfg Question: 79
Which of the following commands moves and resumes in the background the last stopped shell job?
A. run
B. bg
C. fg
D. back Answer: B Question: 80
The message "Hard Disk Error" is displayed on the screen during Stage 1 of the GRUB boot process.
What does this indicate?
A. The kernel was unable to execute /bin/init
B. The next Stage cannot be read from the hard disk because GRUB was unable to determine the size and geometry of
the disk
C. One or more of the filesystems on the hard disk has errors and a filesystem check should be run
D. The BIOS was unable to read the necessary data from the Master Boot Record to begin the boot process Answer: B Question: 81
Which of the following explanations are valid reasons to run a command in the background of your shell?
A. The command does not need to execute immediately.
B. The command has to run immediately but the user needs to log out.
C. The system is being shut down and the command needs to restart execution immediately after the reboot.
D. The command can run at a lower priority than normal commands run on the command line. Answer: B Question: 82
Which of the following commands lists all currently installed packages when using RPM
package management?
A. yum –query –all
B. yum –list –installed
C. rpm –query –all
D. rpm –list Cinstalled Answer: C Question: 83
You want to preview where the package file, apache-xml.i386.rpm, will install its files before installing it.
What command do you issue?
A. rpm -qp apache-xml.i386.rpm
B. rpm -qv apache-xml.i386.rpm
C. rpm -ql apache-xml.i386.rpm
D. rpm -qpl apache-xml.i386.rpm Answer: D Question: 84
Which of the following options is used in a GRUB Legacy configuration file to define the amount of time that the
GRUB menu will be shown to the user?
A. hidemenu
B. splash
C. timeout
D. showmenu Answer: C Question: 85
CORRECT TEXT
You suspect that a new ethernet card might be conflicting with another device.
Which file should you check within the /proc tree to learn which IRQs are being used by which kernel drivers? Answer: interrupts, /proc/interrupts Question: 86
What information can the lspci command display about the system hardware? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. Device IRQ settings
B. PCI bus speed
C. System battery type
D. Device vendor identification
E. Ethernet MAC address Answer: A,B,D Question: 87
What happens after issuing the command vi without any additional parameters?
A. vi starts and loads the last file used andmoves the cursor to the position where vi was when it last exited.
B. vi starts and requires the user to explicitly either create a new or load an existing file.
C. vi exits with an error message as it cannot be invoked without a file name to operate on.
D. vi starts in command mode and opens a new empty file.
E. vi starts and opens a new file which is filled with the content of the vi buffer if the buffer contains text. Answer: D Question: 88
Which function key is used to start Safe Mode in Windows NT?
A. F10
B. F8
C. F6
D. Windows NT does not support Safe Mode Answer: D Question: 89
Which of the following commands reboots the system when using SysV init? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. shutdown -r now
B. shutdown -r "rebooting"
C. telinit 6
D. telinit 0
E. shutdown -k now "rebooting" Answer: A,C Question: 90
From a Bash shell, which of the following commands directly executes the instruction from the file
/usr/local/bin/runme.sh without starting a subshell? (Please select TWO answers.)
A. source /usr/local/bin/runme.sh
B. . /usr/local/bin/runme.sh
C. /bin/bash /usr/local/bin/runme.sh
D. /usr/local/bin/runme.sh
E. run /usr/local/bin/runme.sh Answer: A,B Question: 91
Which of the following commands prints a list of usernames (first column) and their primary group (fourth column)
from the /etc/passwd file?
A. fmt -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
B. split -c 1,4 /etc/passwd
C. cut -d : -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
D. paste -f 1,4 /etc/passwd Answer: C Question: 92
What is the default nice level when a process is started using the nice command?
A. -10
B. 10
C. 20
D. 0 Answer: B
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More than 20 years after Linus Torvalds developed Linux, the operating system remains a force in the computing industry. While Linux is not widely used on desktops, it is extraordinarily strong on the web server side, where it enjoys a market share of 48 percent, according to W3Â Techs.
Information technology (IT) professionals invest considerable time learning about server computing for everything from installation, configuration, maintenance and virtualization to application support and security. This also means that many IT professionals are working with and around Linux operating systems daily, often alongside Windows and various UNIX OS brands as well.
The results of a job search we conducted on several popular job posting sites show which Linux certifications employers are looking for when hiring new employees. While results vary from day to day (and job board to job board), this table reflects those Linux-related certifications that employers were seeking in the United States.
Job Board Survey Results (in alphabetical order, by certification)
Certification
SimplyHired
Indeed
LinkedIn Jobs
Linkup
Total
Linux+ (CompTIA)
1,491
1,928
776
848
5,043
LPIC (LPI)
57
73
189
35
354
Oracle Linux OCP
48
62
153
20
283
RHCA (Red Hat)
28
36
51
20
135
RHCE (Red Hat)
162
201
271
111
745
RHCSA (Red Hat)
256
315
369
158
1,098
We found that for nearly every certification category listed above, the number of national jobs postings mentioning that certification has increased or held steady since we surveyed the same job sites a year ago. Linux system administrators and engineers can expect average earnings in the low $90s and upward, depending on the job role. Glassdoor reports earnings for Linux system administrators averaging $94,000, Linux system engineers around $132,000 and senior Linux system engineers at an average range of $144,000 to $232,000
Best Linux Certifications
The best of the Linux certifications vie for considerable mindshare among IT professionals and present an interesting mix of distribution- or brand-agnostic credentials alongside some pretty formidable vendor-specific credentials. There are multiple well-elaborated certification ladders available to those interested in learning, using and mastering the Linux operating system environment and all the many bells and whistles it supports.
The following are our top picks for Linux certifications to pursue.
Linux+ (CompTIA XK0-005)
CompTIA exercises extraordinary certification clout at the entry level in many IT niches. This nonprofit has shown itself as willing to team up with more focused IT organizations, associations and consortia to combine their own market reach and visibility with niche smarts and subject matter expertise on loan from various partners.
CompTIA’s Linux+ is aimed at early career system administrators aiming to increase their abilities to support Linux environments. CompTIA also recently introduced its latest version of the exam, XK0-005, which became the only version of the certification available after XK0-004 retired in January 2023. The new certification test focuses on the evolving nature of Linux, looking at courses such as how Linux powers the cloud. courses also include looking at infrastructure as code, Linux containers and how Linux is used in newer, cutting-edge technologies.Â
CompTIA provides a wide range of other certifications, which can complement Linux+. These certifications include infrastructure-related certifications covering cloud and server technologies.Â
Linux+ is good for three years, during which time holders can renew the certification by earning 50 continual education credits or by earning approved, high certifications that renew Linux+ automatically as well.Â
CompTIA Linux+ Facts & Figures
Certification Name
CompTIA Linux+Â
Prerequisites & Required Courses
None required
Recommended: 12 months hands-on experience working with Linux servers; CompTIA A+ and CompTIA Network+ are also recommended
Number of Exams
One: XK0-005; maximum of 90 multiple choice questions over 90 minutes
CompTIA maintains a list of training materials and additional study options, including links to study guides, test crams, practice tests, online and classroom training, CertMaster and more; additional third-party reference and review materials can be found on Amazon
LPI (Linux Professional Institute) Certifications
The Linux Professional Institute (LPI) started up in October 1999, almost one decade after Linus Torvalds began his pioneering efforts on the Linux kernel. Since then, LPI has become one of the leading certification providers on Linux courses and technologies.
Given the organization’s distribution-agnostic approach to Linux, it offers excellent coverage of a platform that’s available in many forms and flavors in today’s marketplace.
The LPI Certification (LPIC) program is available in three distinct levels:
LPIC-1: AÂ junior-level Linux certification with no prerequisites. Candidates must pass two exams that cover basic Linux skills, including installing and configuring Linux on a workstation, working at the command line, performing basic maintenance tasks and making LAN or internet connections.Â
LPIC-2: An advanced-level Linux certification that requires an active LPIC-1 certification. Candidates must pass two exams that cover significant Linux skills and topics. The first test covers the kernel, system startup, file system and devices, advanced storage administration, network configuration, system maintenance and capacity planning. The second test covers web services, file sharing, network client management, email services, system security and troubleshooting and domain name servers.
LPIC-3: At the senior level, LPI certifications split into three different paths, each of which requires an active LPIC-2 and passing any single test in the 300 Valid test IDs currently include 300: Mixed Environment, 303: Security, 305: Virtualization and Containerization and 306: High Availability and Storage Clusters. The Mixed Environment test covers Samba (domain integration, user and group management, name services, share configuration and so forth), plus OpenLDAP and working with Linux and Windows clients. The Security test covers network, operations and application security, as well as cryptography and access controls. High availability cluster storage and management, along with virtualization, are covered in the Virtualization and Storage Clusters test and differing aspects of virtualization and virtual machine deployment are covered in Virtualization and Containerization.
In addition to the LPIC-1, 2 and 3 credentials, LPI also offers an entry-level credential, the Linux Essentials Professional Development Certificate (PDC). Linux Essentials focuses on foundational skills, such as creating and running simple scripts, restoring compressed backups and archives, working with the command line, Linux operating system basics, FOSS and users/groups and file permissions for public and private directories. Linux Essentials is a great way to get started while gaining the skills and knowledge needed for the more challenging LPIC credentials.
LPI also offers the LPIC-OT DevOps Tools Engineer certification, which recognizes the effective use of tools for collaboration during system and software development. There are no prerequisites, and the single test lasts for 90 minutes and has 60 questions.
LPIC credentials are worthwhile for IT pros whose chosen Linux distributions do not warrant their own certification programs and those seeking broad, vendor- and distribution-neutral coverage of Linux topics, tools and technologies. They are popular among IT pros and in demand among IT employers.
The LPIC and Linux+ exams are great ways to demonstrate broad knowledge of the Linux system without having to specialize in a specific Linux distribution. This is a good pathway for either professions starting off in Linux or those who wish to maintain a wider knowledge base.
LPIC-1, LPIC-2 and LPIC-3 Facts & Figures
Oracle Linux OCP
When Oracle bought Sun Microsystems in 2010, it acquired a rich and deep UNIX tradition. Oracle started phasing out Solaris almost immediately after finalizing the Sun acquisition.
Today, Oracle offers associate- and professional-level certifications based on Linux rather than harking back to any kind of UNIX roots. These certifications retain enough of their Sun roots, however, so that courses are not mandatory prerequisites to taking the exams for the two Oracle Linux certifications currently available.
As with other vendor-specific Linux certifications, Oracle’s are most appealing to those who work with or around that distribution or wish to work for employers who use those distributions.
OCP Facts & Figures
Certification Name
Oracle Certified Professional (OCP), Oracle Linux 8 System Administrator
Prerequisites & Required Courses
OCP: Oracle recommends a mix of hands-on experience and taking classes in their learning subscription
Number of Exams
OCP: One exam, 1Z0-106 Oracle Linux 8 Advanced System Administrator (90 minutes, 60 questions and 60 percent to pass)
Oracle offers online and in-class training for its credentials with hit-or-miss coverage for them on the aftermarket; start with Amazon searches — check test IDs 1Z0-106
Red Hat RHCSA, RHCE and RHCA
If there’s one major star in the vendor-specific Linux certification firmament, it’s got to be Red Hat. The company has a major market presence and a serious duration as a commercial provider of Linux platforms and technologies.
Red Hat offers a typical administrator, engineer, architect certification ladder. Unlike many other such programs, however, it offers highly regarded and valued credentials at each rung, along with demanding and hands-on oriented exams and an excellent training curriculum to match. All exams for the following Red Hat certifications are performance-based and last two hours or longer.
The giveaway for Red Hat certifications is that all come with acronyms that start with RH, as follows:
Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA): This foundation certification vets essential skills in handling files, working at the command line and using system documentation, along with managing systems (boot up, identifying processes, start/stop virtual machines and controlling services), configuring storage partitions and logical volumes and more.
Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE): This cornerstone certification is designed to test and validate the skills and knowledge necessary to work as a senior-level Linux system administrator. The test focuses on testing and developing skills necessary for managing systems in a DevOps environment. courses include automation, management and support of multisystem environments and experience integrating Ansible Automation with other Red Hat technologies.
Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA): Red Hat’s pinnacle certification offers two paths to certification, depending on which prerequisite advanced Red Hat certification credentials you have already completed: Red Hat Certified Enterprise Microservices Developers (RHCEMDs) and Red Hat Certified Cloud-native Developer (RHCCDs) can earn an RHCA in Enterprise Applications and Red Hat Certified Engineers (RHCEs) can earn an RHCA in Infrastructure.
In general, the five additional exams that must be passed to achieve the RCHA in either Infrastructure or Enterprise Applications are specific to each area of specialization, though a few of the tests can be used to satisfy the five test requirements in both RHCA tracks.
A number of previously available certification exams have been discontinued for new RHCA candidates and renewals, though those exams can still be applied to the RHCA certification if you’ve already passed them. Find out more about discontinued exams that can be counted toward the RHCA credential on the RHCA page under the Candidate Guidance tab.
Because Red Hat Linux is widely used in the business world, the RHCA certification is an excellent choice for those interested in a more platform-focused path into the Linux world. Of course, for those who already work with or around Red Hat, it is a natural certification choice as well.Â
Red Hat is a trusted partner for more than 90 percent of organizations in the Fortune 500, making it a strong choice for Linux professionals looking to specialize in a specific Linux distribution.
RHCSA, RHCE and RHCA Facts & Figures
Certification Name:
Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA)
Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE)
Red Hat Certified Architect (RHCA)
Prerequisites & Required Courses
RHCSA: No prerequisitesÂ
Recommended training:
Windows system administrators: Runnin Containers with Red Hat Technical Overview (RH065), Red Hat System Administration I (RH124) and II (RH134)Â
Linux/Unix Administrators, RHCSA Rapid Track Course with test (RH200)
RHCE: RHCSA credentialÂ
Recommended training:
Same as for RHCSA, plus
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Automation with Ansible (RH294)
RHCA:
RHCE-certified (Infrastructure track) — Candidates currently holding an RHCE certification must pass five additional exams from the Infrastructure track below
RHCEMD/RHCCD-certified (Enterprise Applications track) — Candidates currently holding an RHCJD or an RHCEMD certification must pass five additional exams from the Enterprise Applications track below
Number of Exams
RHCSA: One exam, EX200 Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) exam
RHCE: One exam, EX294 Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) examÂ
RHCA: Five exams total depending on whether you have already completed an RHCE certification (for the RHCA Infrastructure track) or an RHCEMD/RHCCD (for the RHCA Enterprise Applications track):Â
An RHCE must pass at least five exams from the following list to achieve the RHCA in Infrastructure, while also keeping the associated certifications current:
Red Hat skills assessments and other materials can be located on the training page. Red Hat Training includes multiple training options (online, classroom, self-paced, virtual, video and more). Red Hat Learning Subscription includes all online courses in one package; prices vary by geography, candidates can expect to pay $6,000 for a Basic Subscription and $7,000 for a Standard Subscription; study guides are on Amazon
Another certification to consider: The Linux Foundation
Outside the top four Linux credentials and programs covered in this article, The Linux Foundation certifications may be worthy of your time and attention.
The Linux Foundation, a membership-based organization, promotes the development of the Linux kernel through collaboration, conferences and education. The organization’s small but respected certification program includes the Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator (LFCS).
Many industry experts, including Steven J. Vaughn-Nichols, a long-time user and expert on Linux and Unix operating systems, say that certifications can be an important ingredient in a job candidate’s qualifications. But interviewers should also pay close attention to how many Linux systems candidates have set up, managed or used to get a sense of the scale and scope of their experience.
In other words, when you see a web hosting service advertising for Linux jobs, they’re not looking for people who’ve installed and used Linux at home or in a small business setting; they’re looking for professionals who’ve set up and managed Linux in a highly distributed and virtualized data center environment, with lots of complex networking and services coming into the mix.
Choosing the right certification
Choosing the right certification pathway can help boost your overall skills, knowledge and employability. However, it can be difficult to evaluate exactly which certification is best for you. Certification seekers should first consider whether they want a broader certification to demonstrate overall knowledge of Linux, such as from Linux+ or the LPIC exams, or whether they want to demonstrate knowledge of specific types of Linux, such as from Oracle or Red Hat. Once you’ve determined that, it is simply a question of finding the correct certification to match your skill level.Â
Ultimately, pursuing any certification shows your willingness to learn, which will help you stand out to current and former employers.Â
Ed Tittel and Earl Follis contributed to this article.
Thu, 09 Nov 2023 10:01:00 -0600entext/htmlhttps://www.businessnewsdaily.com/10750-best-linux-certifications.htmlJEE Main Previous Year Question Papers for Paper 1, 2 with Solution PDF Download
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JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers of Last 5 Years (2019 - 2023)
Importance of Solving Previous Year Question Papers for JEE Main 2024 Examination
Solving prеvious yеar papеrs of thе JEE Main Examination for thе past 5 yеars can bе highly bеnеficial for aspirants for sеvеral rеasons:
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5. Rеalistic test Environment: Prеvious yеar papеrs offеr a rеalistic test environment of thе real еxam, hеlping aspirants bеcomе accustomеd to thе еxam еnvironmеnt and prеssurе. This can rеducе anxiеty and incrеasе confidеncе on thе real еxam day.Â
6. Rеvision and Practicе: Rеvising and practicing through past papеrs is an еffеctivе way to consolidatе your knowlеdgе and tеst your undеrstanding of kеy concеpts and problеm-solving skills.Â
7. Track Progrеss: By comparing your pеrformancе in diffеrеnt yеars' papеrs, you can track your progrеss ovеr timе. This can bе motivating and providе a sеnsе of accomplishmеnt as you sее improvеmеnts in your scorеs.Â
8. Prеdicting Trеnds: Ovеr thе yеars, you may noticе cеrtain courses or typеs of quеstions that frеquеntly appеar in thе JEE Main. This insight can hеlp you prioritizе your study еfforts on high-yiеld arеas.Â
9. Confidеncе Building: Succеssfully solving prеvious yеar papеrs can boost your confidеncе and rеducе еxam anxiеty. It providеs еvidеncе that you arе wеll-prеparеd and capablе of handling thе еxam.Â
10. Tеst-Taking Expеriеncе: Rеgularly practicing with past papеrs can improvе your tеst-taking skills, such as dеcision-making, choosing thе right quеstions to attеmpt, and avoiding common mistakеs.Â
We wish all the students the very best for their JEE Main Examination 2024. Students are advised to keep themselves updated with the study material which is available in the JEE Main Section of the Jagran Josh website.Â
Fri, 03 Nov 2023 14:01:00 -0500text/htmlhttps://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/jee-main-previous-year-question-papers-pdf-download-1699023516-1Android 14 QPR1 Beta 2.1 Update Released for Pixel Devices (Updated)
Update: This update is now available for the Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro.
A new Android 14 QPR1 beta is upon us this week with the release of QPR1 Beta 2.1. This is a small bug fixer and not Beta 3, but you should still try to update it on your supported Pixel phone to squash a few broken or troublesome items.
Like previous releases, this Android 14 QPR1 Beta 2.1 update is available to the Pixel 5a up through the Pixel 7 and Pixel 7 Pro. For those with a Pixel Fold and Pixel Tablet, this update is there for you too.
What’s new in Android 14 QPR1 Beta 2.1
Since this is a X.1 update, there shouldn’t be any major changes, but we do have the following bug fixes to note from Google:
Fixed issues with biometric authentication, such as an issue that sometimes prevented the under-display fingerprint sensor from activating while always-on display features were enabled.
Fixed an issue where, in some cases after swapping SIM cards on a device, the device couldn’t connect to cellular service.
Fixed various issues that were impacting system stability and performance.
Download Android 14 QPR1 Beta 2.1 Update
Release date: October 19, 2023 Build: U1B2.230922.010 Emulator support: x86 (64-bit), ARM (v8-A) Security patch level: October 2023 Google Play services: 23.32.17
Want to start testing Android 14 QPR1 beta builds? Below, we have links to the factory image and OTA files to get folks updated the old school way, but you don’t need to go that route to get updated. In fact, you probably shouldn’t go that route unless you are experienced in that area. You can always enroll in the Android Beta Program (here) and get the update over-the-air that way. For those who would rather avoid a command prompt and adb commands, do that. Google should begin pushing the update through the Android Beta Program shortly.
Wed, 18 Oct 2023 12:00:00 -0500Kellenen-UStext/htmlhttps://www.droid-life.com/2023/10/19/android-14-qpr1-beta-2-1-update-released-for-pixel-devices/UPDATE 3-Chile's copper giant Codelco buys Australia's LPI, its first lithium acquisition
SANTIAGO, Oct 17 (Reuters) - Chilean copper giant Codelco said on Tuesday it will purchase Australia's LPI, its first lithium acquisition since being tasked by the state to take control of the country's vast lithium industry.
The all-cash deal to buy Lithium Power International for A$385 million dollars ($245 million) or 57 Australian cents per share, sent the Australian company's stock surging 32%.
LPI owns the Blanco project in the Maricunga salt flat, near Codelco's own properties.
"The acquisition of LPI will make the Blanco Project viable through synergies with Codelco's assets and permits in the Maricunga (salt flat)," Maximo Pacheco, Codelco's chairman, said in a press release.
He added that Codelco will combine the Blanco Project with its own development to create a "world-class lithium project."
Pacheco said the acquisition positions Codelco to strongly "execute our strategy of becoming a globally relevant supplier of critical metals to enable the energy transition."
LPI shareholder approval is needed for the deal to proceed. A vote is expected next January.
"LPI's board of directors, which includes its largest shareholder, has unanimously recommended its shareholders approve the scheme," the statement said.
In April, Chile's president announced a plan to take state control of the lithium industry and told government-run Codelco to take charge.
Codelco, the world's largest copper producer, has started talks with lithium miner SQM, with the intention of taking control of the company and says it plans to finish negotiations by the end of the year.
Currently only SQM and Albemarle extract lithium in Chile and both operate out of the Atacama salt flat.
Multiple companies hold lithium rights in the Maricunga salt flat with projects at varying degrees of development, but none currently extract the lightweight metal that is a key raw material for rechargeable batteries.
Tuesday's deal comes despite concerns about Codelco's financial position.
In August, Chile's Center for Copper and Mining Studies said in a report that Codelco was at risk of insolvency due to rising costs and a growing debt pile stemming from projects that missed output targets.
Codelco, which is planning to fund the LPI acquisition with existing resources, said at the the time of the report that it maintained a solid financial position.
Ruben Alvarado took over as Codelco's CEO in September and announced a leadership shake-up earlier this month.
($1 = 1.5711 Australian dollars)
Reporting by Alexander Villegas and Natalia Ramos; Editing by
Stephen Coates and Edwina Gibbs
Tue, 17 Oct 2023 03:17:00 -0500Alexander Villegasentext/htmlhttps://www.reuters.com/article/codelco-ma-lithium-power-idUSL1N3BN3TN/Insomniac 'Highly Encourages' Spider-Man 2 Physical Players to obtain Day 1 PatchNo result found, try new keyword!Spider-Man 2 physical release owners won't need to obtain its Day 1 patch in order to enjoy it in full, but Insomniac still "highly encourages" fans who opt to purchase the disc to install patch ...Tue, 17 Oct 2023 05:23:00 -0500https://www.ign.com/articles/insomniac-spider-man-2-day-1-patchThe Radio 1 Mini MixNo result found, try new keyword!A 5 minute mix from the world's hottest DJs and producers. Lots of tunes in a tiny space, as featured on Danny Howard's show on BBC Radio 1. This obtain is only available in the UK ...Mon, 23 Oct 2023 11:59:00 -0500en-GBtext/htmlhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02nrtyg/episodes/downloadsLearning English
Unit 1 Learning Circles : Watch these videos and learn some English words and phrases to help you with everyday life Here are the videos you've just seen. You can obtain them from this page along with the rest of the materials you need to run the Learning Circles for yourself. For each Learning Circle you can obtain the videos, flashcards and extra materials. There's also a course guide and an explanation of the technology you need to make the materials work on your computer. And there's an evaluation sheet so you can provide us feedback about your Learning Circle.
Wed, 05 Aug 2020 22:12:00 -0500text/htmlhttps://www.bbc.com/learningenglish/english/course/emw/unit-1/downloadsAnalysts mixed on LPI Capital despite stellar 3QFY2023 earningsNo result found, try new keyword!LPI’s 9MFY2023 net profit of RM235.1 million accounted for 78% of its full-year estimates but above consensus forecasts at 81%. However, Kenanga Research tweaked its FY2023 and FY2024 earnings ...Tue, 24 Oct 2023 12:00:00 -0500en-ustext/htmlhttps://www.msn.com/